Download or read book Covid 19 Air Quality and Mobility Policies written by Tim Williamson and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of the COVID 19 on Air Quality written by Gaowen Kong and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the causal effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on air quality in the context of China. Using the lockdowns in different cities as exogenous shocks, our difference-in-differences (DID) estimations show that lockdown policies significantly reduced air pollution by 12% on average. Based on the first lockdown city, Wuhan, we present three underlying mechanisms driving our findings: information leakage about the lockdown, spillover effects, and a city's level of connection with Wuhan. Our findings are more pronounced in cities whose population was more willing to self-isolate or more susceptible to anxiety, or whose government faces less pressure to stimulate economic growth. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by evaluating the unintended consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak for air quality, and provides timely policy implications for policymakers.
Download or read book Pandemic in the Metropolis written by Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-22 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together reports of original empirical studies which explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban mobility and transportation and the associated policy responses. Focusing on the California region, the book draws on this local experience to formulate general lessons for other regions and metropolitan areas. The book examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has had different impacts on vulnerable populations in cities. It explores the pandemic's impacts on the transportation industry, in particular public transit, but also on other industries and economic interests that rely on transportation, such as freight trucking, retail and food industries, and the gig-economy. It investigates the effect of the viral outbreak on automobile traffic and associated air quality and traffic safety, as well as on alternative forms of work, shopping, and travel which have developed to accommodate the conditions it has forced on society. With quantitative data supported with illustrations and graphs, transportation professionals, policymakers and students can use this book to learn about policies and strategies that may instigate positive change in urban transport in the post-pandemic period.
Download or read book The Impact of COVID 19 on Air Pollution written by Suborna Barua and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic is producing significant economic and social cost globally. As a cure or a treatment is yet unavailable, strict social distancing is considered the key way to prevent it. Amid all negatives, one benefit of the pandemic being discussed is the reduction in air pollution, caused by strict mobility restrictions and confinement measures implemented across the world. Despite the flurry of on-going narratives, empirical examination of the link between mobility changes and air pollution during the COVID-19 period remains unavailable. This paper examines the short and long run impacts of mobility changes on carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, by employing pooled mean group, mean group, and dynamic fixed effect estimators on a panel of 35 countries covering daily data from 15 February to 17 April 2020 - a period when most countries went into strict lockdowns. Findings show a consistent evidence at the all-countries level and across regions that long-run indoor mobility increases reduce CO emissions, while outdoor mobility increases across places such as transit stations, workplaces, grocery & pharmacies, retail & recreation, and parks drive up emissions. Among the regions studied, Europe excluding the EU and the UK sees the largest emissions reduction from increased indoor mobility. While short-run effects are limited, emissions in US-Canada respond to indoor and outdoor mobility changes both in the short and long run. My paper's findings validate and qualify the on-going discussion and call for policies to curb unnecessary outdoor mobility to maintain air quality in the post-pandemic world.
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Hayder Abdul-Razzak and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-09-12 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is divided into two sections. The first section presents characterization of atmospheric aerosols and their impact on regional climate from East Asia to the Pacific. Ground-based, air-born, and satellite data were collected and analyzed. Detailed information about measurement techniques and atmospheric conditions were provided as well. In the second section, authors provide detailed information about the organic and inorganic constituents of atmospheric aerosols. They discuss the chemical and physical processes, temporal and spatial distribution, emissions, formation, and transportation of aerosol particles. In addition, new measurement techniques are introduced. This book hopes to serve as a useful resource to resolve some of the issues associated with the complex nature of the interaction between atmospheric aerosols and climatology.
Download or read book The Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic on Green Societies written by Chinmay Chakraborty and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the sustainability issues of a green environment towards economics and society in terms of alteration in industrial pollution levels, effect of reduced carbon emissions, changes in water bodies characteristics with respect to heavy metal contamination, monitoring of associated impact with respect to ecology and biodiversity, impact of reduced noise levels and air quality influences on human health, handling and management of biomedical waste. According to WHO, 80% of people living in urban areas are exposed to air exceeding safe limits. The advent of "sustainability‟ in development science has led planners to apply evolving notions of "sustainability‟ to the contemporary debate over how cities and regions should be revitalized, redeveloped, and reformed. Market allocation of resources, sustained levels of growth and consumption, an assumption that natural resources are unlimited and a belief that economic growth will „trickle down‟ to the poor have been its hallmarks. The recent advance technology helps to promote green and clean modern societies continuously. The Internet of things will be playing an important role in the upcoming years in environment protection and sustainable development. There is a focus on paradigm shift in the sustainable development for the green environment during the period of isolation of COVID-19. This is the moment for the mobilization against the climate crisis. The sudden fall in pollutants and subsequent blue skies signifies a dramatic shift for India and also other affected countries during this period. Fighting climate change requires a collaborative approach between all spheres of society unlike the former. It must heavily redirect resources towards local, sustainable activities, including education, health, sustainable agriculture and circular management of resources. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic which has resulted in the dramatic change in the different aspects of the environment. The global lockdown has led to a rejuvenation of nature, ecosystems, biodiversity. Even urban environments are discovering a degree of peace and serenity, which led to decrease in greenhouse gas emission.
Download or read book COVID 19 Prevention and Air Pollution in the Absence of a Lockdown written by Hung-Hao Chang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies demonstrate that air quality improved during the coronavirus pandemic due to the imposition of social lockdowns. We investigate the impact of COVID-19 on air pollution in the two largest cities in Taiwan, which were not subject to economic or mobility restrictions. Using a generalized difference-in-differences approach and real-time data on air quality and transportation, we estimate that levels of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter increased 5 - 12 percent relative to 2017 - 2019. We demonstrate that this counterintuitive finding is likely due to a shift in preferences for mode of transport away from public transportation and towards personal automobiles. Similar COVID-19 prevention behaviors in regions or countries emerging from lockdowns could likewise result in an increase in air pollution.
Download or read book Expected Health Effects of Reduced Air Pollution from COVID 19 Social Distancing written by Steve Cicala and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in stay-at-home policies and other social distancing behaviors in the United States in spring of 2020. This paper examines the impact that these actions had on emissions and expected health effects through reduced personal vehicle travel and electricity consumption. Using daily cell phone mobility data for each U.S. county, we find that vehicle travel dropped about 40% by mid-April across the nation. States that imposed stay-at-home policies before March 28 decreased travel slightly more than other states, but travel in all states decreased significantly. Using data on hourly electricity consumption by electricity region (e.g., balancing authority), we find that electricity consumption fell about six percent on average by mid-April with substantial heterogeneity. Given these decreases in travel and electricity use, we estimate the county-level expected improvements in air quality, and therefore expected declines in mortality. Overall, we estimate that, for a month of social distancing, the expected premature deaths due to air pollution from personal vehicle travel and electricity consumption declined by approximately 360 deaths, or about 25% of the baseline 1500 deaths. In addition, we estimate that CO2 emissions from these sources fell by 46 million metric tons (a reduction of approximately 19%) over the same time frame.
Download or read book Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles written by Asif Faiz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions by Surhid Gautam and Lit-Mian Chan. This book presents a state-of-the art review of vehicle emission standards and regulations and provides a synthesis of worldwide experience with vehicle emission control technologies and their applications in both industrial and developing countries. Topics covered include: * The two principal international systems of vehicle emission standards: those of North America and Europe * Test procedures used to verify compliance with emissions standards and to estimate actual emissions * Engine and aftertreatment technologies that have been developed to enable new vehicles to comply with emission standards, as well as the cost and other impacts of these technologies * An evaluation of measures for controlling emissions from in-use vehicles * The role of fuels in reducing vehicle emissions, the benefits that could be gained by reformulating conventional gasoline and diesel fuels, the potential benefits of alternative cleaner fuels, and the prospects for using hydrogen and electric power to run motor vehicles with ultra-low or zero emissions. This book is the first in a series of publications on vehicle-related pollution and control measures prepared by the World Bank in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme to underpin the Bank's overall objective of promoting transport that is environmentally sustainable and least damaging to human health and welfare.
Download or read book COVID 19 Prevention and Air Pollution in the Absence of a Lockdown written by Hung-Hao Chang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies demonstrate that air quality improved during the coronavirus pandemic due to the imposition of social lockdowns. We investigate the impact of COVID-19 on air pollution in the two largest cities in Taiwan, which were not subject to economic or mobility restrictions. Using a generalized difference-in-differences approach and real-time data on air quality and transportation, we estimate that levels of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter increased 5 - 12 percent relative to 2017 - 2019. We demonstrate that this counterintuitive finding is likely due to a shift in preferences for mode of transport away from public transportation and towards personal automobiles. Similar COVID-19 prevention behaviors in regions or countries emerging from lockdowns could likewise result in an increase in air pollution.
Download or read book Does the COVID 19 Pandemic Improve Global Air Quality written by Hai-Anh H. Dang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite a growing literature on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, scant evidence currently exists on its impacts on air quality. We offer the first study that provides cross-national evidence on the causal impacts of COVID-19 on air pollution. We assemble a rich database consisting of daily, sub-national level data of air quality for 178 countries before and after the COVID-19 lockdowns, and investigate their impacts on air quality using a Regression Discontinuity Design approach. We find the lockdowns to result in significant decreases in global air pollution. These results are consistent across measures of air quality and data sources and robust to various model specifications. Some limited evidence emerges that countries with a higher share of trade and manufacturing in the economy or with an initially lower level of air pollution witness more reduced air pollution after the lockdowns; but the opposite result holds for countries near the equator. We also find that mobility restrictions following the lockdowns are a possible explanation for improved air quality.
Download or read book The Beneficial Impacts of COVID 19 Lockdowns on Air Pollution written by Hai-Anh H. Dang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little evidence currently exists on the effects of COVID-19 on air quality in poorer countries, where most air pollution-linked deaths occur. We offer the first study that examines the pandemic's impacts on improving air quality in Vietnam, a lower-middle income country with worsening air pollution. Employing the Regression Discontinuity Design method to analyze a rich database that we compile from satellite air pollution data and data from various other sources, we find the concentration of NO2 to decrease by 24 to 32 percent two weeks after the COVID-19 lockdown. While this finding is robust to different measures of air quality and model specifications, the positive effects of the lockdown appear to dissipate after ten weeks. We also find that mobility restrictions are a potential channel for improved air quality. Finally, our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that two weeks after the lockdown, the economic gains from better air quality are roughly $0.6 billion US dollars.
Download or read book Part 2 Wider Transport and Land Use Impacts of COVID 19 written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-23 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 2: Wider Transport and Land Use Impacts of COVID-19, Volume Twelve in the Advances in Transport Policy and Planning series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on valuable topics such as the Impact of COVID-19 on teleworking, Retail after COVID: Impacts on accessibility, Equity implications of older adults' mobility in South Asia in the aftermath of COVID-19: A conceptual framework and literature review, COVID-19 and public transport response and challenges, Outlining the window of opportunity for the low carbon transition in transport: A review of impacts on walking practices in the COVID-19 pandemic, and much more. Additional sections cover the Impact of COVID-19 on micromobility, Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on ride-sourcing services: Findings from a literature review and case study, COVID-19 and long-distance travel, and much many policy and planning considerations. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Transport Policy and Planning series - Updated release includes the latest information on COVID-19: Implications for Policy and Planning
Download or read book The Politics of Improving Urban Air Quality written by Wyn Grant and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work sets out clearly how to work towards effective policies for improved urban air quality. The authors argue that designing and implementing successful policies requires institution-building that works towards consensus among a range of potentially-divergent interest groups.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Identification and Inference for Econometric Models written by Donald W. K. Andrews and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-17 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2005 collection pushed forward the research frontier in four areas of theoretical econometrics.
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides NOx why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
