Download or read book Analusis written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1098 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oil Gas Science and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aqueous Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Biological and Chemical Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals written by Charles E. Wyman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant biomass is attracting increasing attention as a sustainable resource for large-scale production of renewable fuels and chemicals. However, in order to successfully compete with petroleum, it is vital that biomass conversion processes are designed to minimize costs and maximize yields. Advances in pretreatment technology are critical in order to develop high-yielding, cost-competitive routes to renewable fuels and chemicals. Aqueous Pretreatment of Plant Biomass for Biological and Chemical Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals presents a comprehensive overview of the currently available aqueous pretreatment technologies for cellulosic biomass, highlighting the fundamental chemistry and biology of each method, key attributes and limitations, and opportunities for future advances. Topics covered include: • The importance of biomass conversion to fuels • The role of pretreatment in biological and chemical conversion of biomass • Composition and structure of biomass, and recalcitrance to conversion • Fundamentals of biomass pretreatment at low, neutral and high pH • Ionic liquid and organosolv pretreatments to fractionate biomass • Comparative data for application of leading pretreatments and effect of enzyme formulations • Physical and chemical features of pretreated biomass • Economics of pretreatment for biological processing • Methods of analysis and enzymatic conversion of biomass streams • Experimental pretreatment systems from multiwell plates to pilot plant operations This comprehensive reference book provides an authoritative source of information on the pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to aid those experienced in the field to access the most current information on the topic. It will also be invaluable to those entering the growing field of biomass conversion.

Download or read book Application of Liquid Chromatography in Food Analysis written by Oscar Núñez and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-19 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food products are very complex mixtures consisting of naturally occurring compounds and other substances, generally originating from technological processes, agrochemical treatments, or packaging materials. However, food is no longer just a biological necessity for survival. Society demands healthy and safe food, but it is also increasingly interested in other quality attributes more related to the origin of the food, the agricultural production processes used, the presence or not of functional compounds, etc. Improved methods for the determination of authenticity, standardization, and efficacy of nutritional properties in natural food products are required to guarantee their quality and for the growth and regulation of the market. Nowadays, liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, or coupled to mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry, are among the most powerful techniques to address food safety issues and to guarantee food authenticity in order to prevent fraud. The aim of this book is to gather review articles and original research papers focused on the development of analytical techniques based on liquid chromatography for the analysis of food. This book is comprised of six valuable scientific contributions, including five original research manuscripts and one review article, dealing with the employment of liquid chromatography techniques for the characterization and analysis of feed and food, including fruits, extra virgin olive oils, confectionery oils, sparkling wines and soybeans.

Download or read book Pyrolysis of Biomass written by Shurong Wang and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the development of societies fossil energy is no longer the only energy resource, and increasing attention had been paid to alternative energy. Biomass is considered to be one of the alternatives due to efficiency and low cost. This book presents biomass pyrolysis behavior for three main components: Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin, and discusses the influence of mineral salts , zeolite catalysts and metal oxide on their pyrolysis.

Download or read book Chromatographic Enantioseparation written by Stig G. Allenmark and published by Ellis Horwood. This book was released on 1988 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Allenmark (microbiological chemistry, U. of Gothenburg) gives a thorough treatment of chiral chromatography, covering basic theory, methods (particularly stationary phase design), and applications. Treatment is self-contatined; early chapters explain principles, incorporating background material on organic stereochemistry; later ones cover instrumentation, preparation, synthesis, and analysis. Includes in-depth coverage of liquid chromatographic methods and discussion of industrial uses for large-scale preparative resolutions, including column sample capacity, chromatographic reproducability, and automatic operation. Acidic paper. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Gas Chromatography and 2D gas Chromatography for Petroleum Industry written by Fabrice Bertoncini and published by Editions Technip. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed knowledge of petroleum products at the molecular scale has always been essential to understanding the mechanisms leading to their formation, to design thermodynamic and kinetic models employed in the refining processes, and to predict their physical properties. This book aims to provide a complete review of the implementation of gas chromatography in the oil industry, with an important focus on GCxGC and related multidimensional systems. Recent progress in the development of these chromatographic systems are discussed according to various applications. Specialists from IFP Energies nouvelles, CNRS, and major companies leading important research in this field have contributed, reporting a synthesis of the knowledge acquired from research these last fifteen years. Thus, this book will be useful for anyone involved in the separation of oil and derivatives, the student starting a research project, the academic researcher, and the refinery engineer willing to deepen their knowledge on advanced multidimensional gas chromatography, as well as molecular analysis of petroleum products.

Download or read book Electrosorption written by Eliezer Gileadi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gradual emergence during the last decade of the study of the mechanism of electrode reactions from the dark ages has given stimulus to a consideration of the double layer at metal-solution interfaces, which extends far outside the classical experimental studies of the capacitance of the mercury solution interface made during the 1950's by D. C. Grahame at Amherst College, Massachusetts. The central aspect of the study of an electrode reaction is the elucidation of its path and rate-determining step. Two fields are, however, prerequisites for such studies. First, it must be known what species are in the bulk of the solution, for these will seldom be simple ones such as H30~ and this study ("complex ions") has been made with both extent and depth. Second, the occupancy of the surface of the electrocatalyst and the associated field gradients must be known as a function of position in the double layer. Such "maps of the double layer" can be given with reasonable certainty up to concentrations of about 1 N for mercury in contact with solutions of inorganic ions. However, this is-or was until very recently-the extent of the know ledge. The problems confronting a fundamental approach to the rational development of, e.g., fuel cell catalysis were therefore considerable.

Download or read book Carbohydrate Analysis written by Z. El Rassi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-11-11 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates play an important role in several life processes. The wide variety of carbohydrate species and their inherent polydispersity and heterogeneity require separation techniques of high resolving power and high selectivity such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). In the last decade HPLC, and recently HPCE methods have been developed for the high resolution and reproducible quantitation of carbohydrates. Despite the importance of these two column separation technologies in the area of carbohydrates, no previous book describes specialized methods for the separation, purification and detection of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by HPLC and HPCE.Therefore, the objective of the present book is to provide a comprehensive review of carbohydrate analysis by HPLC and HPCE by covering analytical and preparative separation techniques for all classes of carbohydrates including mono- and disaccharides; linear and cyclic oligosaccharides; branched heterooligosaccharides (e.g., glycans, plant-derived oligosaccharides); glycoconjugates (e.g., glycolipids, glycoproteins); carbohydrates in food and beverage; compositional carbohydrates of polysaccharides; carbohydrates in biomass degradation; etc.The book will be of interest to a wide audience, including analytical chemists and biochemists, carbohydrate, glycoprotein and glycolipid chemists, molecular biologists, biotechnologists, etc. It will also be a useful reference work for both the experienced analyst and the newcomer as well as for users of HPLC and HPCE, graduates and postdoctoral students.

Download or read book Liquid Column Chromatography written by K. Macek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 1199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Column Chromatography

Download or read book Bioalcohol Production written by Keith W. Waldron and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-05-24 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol is one of the main biofuels currently used as a petroleum-substitute in transport applications. However, conflicts over food supply and land use have made its production and utilisation a controversial topic. Second generation bioalcohol production technology, based on (bio)chemical conversion of non-food lignocellulose, offers potential advantages over existing, energy-intensive bioethanol production processes. Food vs. fuel pressures may be reduced by utilising a wider range of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, including energy crops, cellulosic residues, and, particularly, wastes.Bioalcohol production covers the process engineering, technology, modelling and integration of the entire production chain for second generation bioalcohol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Primarily reviewing bioethanol production, the book's coverage extends to the production of longer-chain bioalcohols which will be elemental to the future of the industry.Part one reviews the key features and processes involved in the pretreatment and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioalcohol production, including hydrothermal and thermochemical pretreatment, and fractionation to separate out valuable process feedstocks. Part two covers the hydrolysis (saccharification) processes applicable to pretreated feedstocks. This includes both acid and enzymatic approaches and also importantly covers the development of particular enzymes to improve this conversion step. This coverage is extended in Part three, with chapters reviewing integrated hydrolysis and fermentation processes, and fermentation and co-fermentation challenges of lignocellulose-derived sugars, as well as separation and purification processes for bioalcohol extraction.Part four examines the analysis, monitoring and modelling approaches relating to process and quality control in the pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation steps of lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol production. Finally, Part five discusses the life-cycle assessment of lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol production, as well as the production of valuable chemicals and longer-chain alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass.With its distinguished international team of contributors, Bioalcohol production is a standard reference for fuel engineers, industrial chemists and biochemists, plant scientists and researchers in this area. - Provides an overview of the life-cycle assessment of lignocelluloses-to-bioalcohol production - Reviews the key features and processes involved in the pre-treatment and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioalcohol production - Examines the analysis, monitoring and modelling approaches relating to process and quality control in pre-treatment, hydrolysis and fermentation

Download or read book Practical Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction written by Thomas Caudell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of fundamental as well as practical aspects of supercritical fluid chromatography and extraction. It addresses topics such as: packed columns in SFC; detection in SFC; supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectroscopy; and evaporative light scattering detection in SFC.

Download or read book Chromatographie written by Encyclopaedia Universalis, and published by Encyclopaedia Universalis. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La chromatographie est une méthode d'analyse chimique (cf. chimie analytique ) consistant à séparer les constituants d'un mélange. Elle est utilisée aussi bien dans les services de recherche et développement que dans le domaine du contrôle. Son champ d'activité couvre les organismes d'État et le...

Download or read book Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry written by Mu Naushad and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unique collection of up-to-date UPLC-MS/MS (ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric) methods for the separation and quantitative determination of pesticides, capsaicinoids, heterocyclic amines, aflatoxin, perfluorochemicals, acrylamide, procyanidins and alkaloids, lactose content, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and aroma and flavor compounds in a wide variety of foods and food products. With contributions by experts in interdisciplinary fields, this reference offers practical information for readers in research and development, production, and routing analysis of foods and food products.

Download or read book Applied Photochemistry written by Rachel C. Evans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Photochemistry encompasses the major applications of the chemical effects resulting from light absorption by atoms and molecules in chemistry, physics, medicine and engineering, and contains contributions from specialists in these key areas. Particular emphasis is placed both on how photochemistry contributes to these disciplines and on what the current developments are. The book starts with a general description of the interaction between light and matter, which provides the general background to photochemistry for non-specialists. The following chapters develop the general synthetic and mechanistic aspects of photochemistry as applied to both organic and inorganic materials, together with types of materials which are useful as light absorbers, emitters, sensitisers, etc. for a wide variety of applications. A detailed discussion is presented on the photochemical processes occurring in the Earth’s atmosphere, including discussion of important current aspects such as ozone depletion. Two important distinct, but interconnected, applications of photochemistry are in photocatalytic treatment of wastes and in solar energy conversion. Semiconductor photochemistry plays an important role in these and is discussed with reference to both of these areas. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species are of major importance in many chemical, biological and medical applications of photochemistry, and are discussed in depth. The following chapters discuss the relevance of using light in medicine, both with various types of phototherapy and in medical diagnostics. The development of optical sensors and probes is closely related to diagnostics, but is also relevant to many other applications, and is discussed separately. Important aspects of applied photochemistry in electronics and imaging, through processes such as photolithography, are discussed and it is shown how this is allowing the increasing miniaturisation of semiconductor devices for a wide variety of electronics applications and the development of nanometer scale devices. The final two chapters provide the basic ideas necessary to set up a photochemical laboratory and to characterise excited states. This book is aimed at those in science, engineering and medicine who are interested in applying photochemistry in a broad spectrum of areas. Each chapter has the basic theories and methods for its particular applications and directs the reader to the current, important literature in the field, making Applied Photochemistry suitable for both the novice and the experienced photochemist.

Download or read book Hyphenated Techniques in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction written by K. Jinno and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1992-07-21 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to focus on the latest developments in hyphenated techniques using supercritical fluids. The advantages of SFC in hyphenation with various detection modes, such as FTIR, MS, MPD and ICP and others are clearly featured throughout the book. Special attention is paid to coupling of SFE with GC or SFC.In this edited volume, chapters are written by leading experts in the field. The book will be of interest to professionals in academia, as well as to those researchers working in an industrial environment, such as analytical instrumentation, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food, petrochemicals and environmental.

Download or read book Principles of Instrumental Analysis written by Douglas A. Skoog and published by Cengage Learning. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS is the standard for courses on the principles and applications of modern analytical instruments. In the 7th edition, authors Skoog, Holler, and Crouch infuse their popular text with updated techniques and several new Instrumental Analysis in Action case studies. Updated material enhances the book's proven approach, which places an emphasis on the fundamental principles of operation for each type of instrument, its optimal area of application, its sensitivity, its precision, and its limitations. The text also introduces students to elementary analog and digital electronics, computers, and the treatment of analytical data. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version.