Download or read book Couplage ablation laser et imagerie spectrale rapide pour identification et analyses de plastiques written by Erwan Negre and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser, ou LIBS (acronyme anglais de Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) est une technique d'analyse élémentaire basée sur l'émission d'un plasma issu de l'interaction laser-matière. Elle permet en principe une détection de l'ensemble des éléments du tableau périodique avec une sensibilité typiquement de l'ordre du ppm et ce sur tout type de matériaux : solides, liquides ou gazeux. Sa capacité à exploiter aussi bien le signal élémentaire que moléculaire en fait un candidat crédible à l'identification des matériaux organiques, par exemple dans le domaine du tri des déchets plastiques où les techniques d'analyses usuelles peinent à remplir toutes les contraintes liées à cette question. Cependant, le plasma induit par laser est un phénomène transitoire et correspondant à un milieu inhomogène parfois difficile à maitriser, notamment en comparaison avec un plasma à couplage inductif. En conséquence, la LIBS reste aujourd'hui marginale dans les applications où une information fiable et souvent quantitative est requise. Ce travail doctoral, fruit d'un partenariat entre le CRITT Matériaux Alsace et l'Institut Lumière Matière de Lyon dans le cadre 'un financement CIFRE, se propose d'étudier ces deux problématiques. Un nouvel instrument LIBS est tout d'abord présenté. Articulé autour de nombreux outils de contrôle pilotés par un logiciel dédié, il a permis de limiter considérablement les fluctuations du signal LIBS liées aux divers paramètres impliqués dans le processus d'ablation laser (énergie du laser, position de l'échantillon, position de la détection...). L'efficacité de cet instrument est montrée à travers une étude de quantification d'éléments en trace dans des matrices de verre.

Download or read book ETUDE ET DEVELOPPEMENT DU COUPLAGE ABLATION LASER SPECTROMETRIE PLASMA ICP POUR L ANALYSE ELEMENTAIRE IN SITU DES ADDITIFS DANS LES MATIERES PLASTIQUES written by MICHEL.. HEMMERLIN and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LES SPECTROMETRIES D'EMISSION ATOMIQUE ET DE MASSE ELEMENTAIRE UTILISANT UN PLASMA A COUPLAGE INDUCTIF (ICP-AES ET ICP-MS) SONT DESORMAIS DES TECHNIQUES BIEN ETABLIES POUR L'ANALYSE MULTIELEMENTAIRE DE TRACES DANS DIVERSES MATRICES NATURELLES OU SYNTHETIQUES. GENERALEMENT, L'INTRODUCTION DE L'ECHANTILLON DANS LE PLASMA SE FAIT PAR NEBULISATION PNEUMATIQUE D'UNE SOLUTION ISSUE D'UN TRAITEMENT CHIMIQUE (ATTAQUE) D'UNE MATRICE SOLIDE. CETTE ETAPE DE MISE EN SOLUTION PRESENTE DE NOMBREUSES LIMITATIONS ET EST RENDUE DE PLUS EN PLUS DIFFICILE PAR LA SOLUBILITE RESTREINTE ET LA RESISTANCE CHIMIQUE ELEVEE DE CERTAINS POLYMERES. L'ABLATION LASER, TERME QUI DECRIT LA DESTRUCTION PROGRESSIVE ET SUPERFICIELLE D'UNE CIBLE SOLIDE, EST UNE TECHNIQUE D'INTRODUCTION DE L'ECHANTILLON TRES ATTRACTIVE. OUTRE L'ELIMINATION DE TOUTE PREPARATION CHIMIQUE, ET DONC LE GAIN EN TEMPS D'ANALYSE QU'ELLE OFFRE, CETTE METHODE D'ECHANTILLONNAGE DISPOSE D'UNE RESOLUTION SPATIALE DONNANT ACCES A DES INFORMATIONS NOUVELLES QUANT A LA REPARTITION DES ELEMENTS DANS UNE MATRICE. CEPENDANT, LES PARAMETRES REGISSANT L'INTERACTION LASER-MATIERE SONT ENCORE MAL MAITRISES, ET LES ETUDES CONCERNANT L'ANALYSE DES MATIERES PLASTIQUES PAR ABLATION LASER-PLASMA ICP SONT QUASIMENT INEXISTANTES. L'OBJECTIF DE CE TRAVAIL RESIDE DANS LE DEVELOPPEMENT ET L'EVALUATION ANALYTIQUE DE CE COUPLAGE POUR L'ANALYSE ELEMENTAIRE IN SITU DES ADDITIFS DES MATIERES PLASTIQUES. LES PERFORMANCES DE L'ETAPE D'ECHANTILLONNAGE, DONT L'ELEMENT FONDAMENTAL EST LE FAISCEAU LASER ET SES PROPRIETES, ONT ETE ETUDIEES AFIN D'APPROFONDIR NOS CONNAISSANCES DU MECANISME D'INTERACTION LASER-POLYMERE. L'INFLUENCE DE PARAMETRES TELS QUE LA LONGUEUR D'ONDE, L'ENERGIE D'IRRADIATION OU LA FOCALISATION DU FAISCEAU LASER A ETE EVALUEE. LES CONTRIBUTIONS DES EFFETS DE SEUIL D'ABLATION DES POLYMERES ET DES EFFETS D'ECRAN CREES PAR LE MICROPLASMA INDUIT PAR LASER SONT DISCUTEES. L'ETUDE DE L'INFLUENCE DES PROPRIETES DES ECHANTILLONS A REVELE L'IMPORTANCE DE PARAMETRES NOUVEAUX TELS QUE LA STRUCTURE CHIMIQUE DES ADDITIFS DES POLYMERES, OU LES INTERACTIONS ENTRE ADDITIFS ET POLYMERES. L'EVALUATION ANALYTIQUE DU COUPLAGE A MIS EN EXERGUE D'EXCELLENTES PERFORMANCES EN TERMES DE REPRODUCTIBILITE (2-5%), DE LINEARITE DE L'ETALONNAGE, ET DE LIMITES DE DETECTION (INFERIEURES A LA PPB). CES RESULTATS PLACENT CETTE TECHNIQUE A UN RANG DE PERFORMANCE AU MOINS EQUIVALENT A CELUI DE LA FLUORESCENCE X OU DE L'ACTIVATION NEUTRONIQUE POUR L'ANALYSE DES SOLIDES.

Download or read book Etude spectroscopique et imagerie rapide d une plume d ablation laser obtenue partir de cibles c ramiques d oxydes complexes CaCu3Ti4O12 et BaxSr1 xTiO3 written by Jean-françois Lagrange and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nous présentons dans ce mémoire les résultats concernant la caractérisation spectroscopique spatiotemporelle de plasmas d'ablation laser obtenus à partir de cibles de céramiques d'oxydes complexes (CCTO et BSTO). Nos mesures montrent que les différentes espèces constituant le plasma évoluent de façons similaires quelque soit leur degré d'ionisation et ceci pour l'ensemble des conditions de pression et de fluence explorées. Nous montrons aussi que dans les premiers instants suivant l'impact laser, le plasma est fortement non-uniforme et se propage selon une seule dimension, il s'uniformise par la suite et s'expanse alors dans les trois dimensions. Une collaboration avec le laboratoire LP3 (Université de Marseille) nous a permis d'estimer les paramètres caractéristiques du plasma (température, densité électronique, épaisseur) à partir de la confrontation entre nos spectres expérimentaux et les résultats de la simulation de la radiance spectrale du plasma. A partir de cette confrontation, nous confirmons qu'il existe une forte corrélation entre l'inhomogénéité du plasma et son type d'expansion. Grâce à l'analyse spectrale il a été possible d'identifier et de quantifier des polluants présents dans les cibles, nous avons pu ainsi estimer des concentrations minimales pouvant atteindre la dizaine de ppm selon le type de polluant.

Download or read book DEVELOPPEMENT ET EVALUATION DU COUPLAGE ABLATION LASER SPECTROMETRIE D EMISSION PLASMA ICP POUR L ANALYSE DES METAUX ET ALLIAGES written by MATHIAS.. GAGEAN and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'ICP EST MAINTENANT ETABLI COMME LA TECHNIQUE ANALYTIQUE DE BASE POUR L'ANALYSE MULTIELEMENTAIRE DES IMPURETES ET DES ELEMENTS TRACES DES ECHANTILLONS LIQUIDES. CEPENDANT LA NEBULISATION DE L'ECHANTILLON A DE NOMBREUSES LIMITATIONS POUR L'ANALYSE DES ALLIAGES METALLIQUES. L'INTRODUCTION DIRECTE DE L'ECHANTILLON SOUS FORME SOLIDE POUR L'ANALYSE PAR ICP SEMBLE UNE METHODE INTERESSANTE CAR ELLE EVITE L'ETAPE DE DISSOLUTION. L'ABLATION LASER SEMBLE OFFRIR, A PRIORI, DE GRANDES POSSIBILITES POUR L'ANALYSE D'ECHANTILLONS SOLIDES QUELLE QUE SOIT LEUR NATURE, CONDUCTEURS OU NON-CONDUCTEURS. L'OBJECTIF DE CE TRAVAIL EST DONC DE DEVELOPPER ET D'EVALUER LE COUPLAGE ABLATION LASER ICP-AES DANS LE DOMAINE DES ALLIAGES METALLIQUES ET PLUS PARTICULIEREMENT SUR LES LAITONS. LES PERFORMANCES DU COUPLAGE ABLATION LASER ICP-AES SONT EVALUEES PAR LE BIAIS DES LIMITES DE DETECTION. LES PERFORMANCES DE L'ABLATION LASER SONT COMPAREES A UNE TECHNIQUE ANALYTIQUE SPECIFIQUE AUX MATERIAUX CONDUCTEURS: L'ABLATION ETINCELLE. LE TYPE D'APPAREILLAGE ET LES CONDITIONS ANALYTIQUES OPTIMALES POUR OBTENIR DES LIMITES DE DETECTION POUVANT CONCURRENCER LE COUPLAGE ABLATION LASER ICP-MS SONT DECRITES. LE COMPORTEMENT DU ZINC ET DU CUIVRE DANS UNE MATRICE DE LAITON EN FONCTION DE LEUR CONCENTRATION EST ETUDIE. UN COMPORTEMENT ANORMAL EST MIS EN EVIDENCE ET L'ORIGINE DE CETTE ANOMALIE EST LOCALISEE. L'INFLUENCE DES PARAMETRES EXPERIMENTAUX EST AUSSI DETERMINEE. ENFIN, UNE ETUDE DE FAISABILITE EST EFFECTUEE DANS UN DES DOMAINES D'APPLICATION SPECIFIQUE A L'ABLATION LASER QUI EST L'ANALYSE DE PROFILS DE CONCENTRATION EN PROFONDEUR PAR L'INTERMEDIAIRE DE DEUX CAS CONCRETS

Download or read book ETUDE DE L ABLATION LASER COMME SYSTEME D INTRODUCTION D UN SPECTROMETRE D EMISSION PLASMA INDUIT PAR HAUTE FREQUENCE POUR L ANALYSE DES VERRES written by MURIELLE.. DUCREUX and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ACTUELLEMENT, L'ANALYSE ELEMENTAIRE DE NOMBREUX TYPES DE MATERIAUX EST EFFECTUEE PAR DES METHODES NECESSITANT UNE PREPARATION FASTIDIEUSE DES ECHANTILLONS (SPECTROMETRIE D'ABSORPTION ET D'EMISSION ATOMIQUE, FLUORESCENCE X, SPECTROMETRIE D'ARC), QUI PEUVENT INDUIRE DES CONTAMINATIONS OU DES PERTES. AUSSI, EXISTE-T-IL UNE FORTE DEMANDE POUR L'ANALYSE DIRECTE DE SOLIDES. PARMI LES DIVERSES METHODES ETUDIEES (DECHARGE LUMINESCENTE, SPECTROMETRIE ETINCELLE), LE COUPLAGE ABLATION LASER SPECTROMETRIE D'EMISSION ATOMIQUE ICP CONNAIT UN DEVELOPPEMENT CROISSANT. CETTE TECHNIQUE PRESENTE EN EFFET DES AVANTAGES CERTAINS: ANALYSE DE TOUT TYPE DE MATERIAU, CONDUCTEUR OU ISOLANT, CELLE-CI POUVANT ETRE GLOBALE OU PONCTUELLE DUE A LA POSSIBILITE DE FOCALISER LE FAISCEAU LASER A UN ENDROIT PRECIS DE LA CIBLE (EXCELLENTE RESOLUTION SPATIALE). LE PRINCIPE DE LA METHODE CONSISTE A UTILISER LE MECANISME D'ABLATION COMME SOURCE DE FINES PARTICULES QUI SONT TRANSPORTEES PAR UN COURANT D'ARGON DANS UN PLASMA DE TYPE ICP POUR ETRE ATOMISEES, EXCITEES ET IONISEES. LE FAISCEAU POLYCRHOMATIQUE RESULTANT EST DISPERSE PAR UN RESEAU EN RADIATIONS MONOCHROMATIQUES, QUI SONT ALORS DETECTEES PAR DIFFERENTS SYSTEMES RECEPTIFS: PHOTOMULTIPLICATEURS, DETECTEURS DE TYPE CCD L'EVALUATION DE LA TECHNIQUE POUR L'ANALYSE QUANTITATIVE DES VERRES CONSTITUE L'OBJECTIF DE CE TRAVAIL. COMPTE-TENU DE LA TRANSPARENCE DE CES MATERIAUX DANS LES DOMAINES DU VISIBLE ET DU PROCHE INFRAROUGE, DES LASERS EMETTANT DANS L'ULTRAVIOLET ONT DUS ETRE UTILISES: UN LASER EXCIMERE DE TYPE XECL ET UN LASER ND:YAG TRIPLE ET QUADRUPLE EN FREQUENCE EMETTANT RESPECTIVEMENT A 308, 355 ET 266 NM. L'ETUDE DE L'INTERACTION LASER-MATIERE (QUANTITES DE MATIERE ABLATEES, FORMES ET DIMENSIONS DES CRATERES,) A PERMIS DE COMPARER CES DIFFERENTES SOURCES D'INTRODUCTION D'ECHANTILLON DANS LE PLASMA, ET D'EXPLIQUER LES DIFFERENCES DE PERFORMANCES ANALYTIQUES (REPETABILITE, REPRODUCTIBILITE, JUSTESSE, LIMITES DE DETECTION) OBTENUES POUR CHACUNE. LE DOMAINE D'APPLICATION DE LA METHODE A PU EGALEMENT ETRE ETENDU GRACE A DES ETUDES PRELIMINAIRES CONCERNANT L'ANALYSE DE SURFACES DE FAIBLES EPAISSEURS, L'ANALYSE SEMI-QUANTITATIVE DE VERRES ET DE MATIERES PREMIERES, L'ANALYSE QUALITATIVE DE DEFAUTS

Download or read book ICREEC 2019 written by Ahmed Belasri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.

Download or read book Dictionary of Building and Civil Engineering written by Don Montague and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1996 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dual-language dictionary lists over 20,000 specialist terms in both French and English, covering architecture, building, engineering and property terms. It meets the needs of all building professionals working on projects overseas. It has been comprehensively researched and compiled to provide an invaluable reference source in an increasingly European marketplace.

Download or read book Forensic Investigation of Explosions Second Edition written by Alexander Beveridge and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition, Forensic Investigation of Explosions draws on the editor’s 30 years of explosives casework experience, including his work on task forces set up to investigate major explosives incidents. Dr. Alexander Beveridge provides a broad, multidisciplinary approach, assembling the contributions of internationally recognized experts who present the definitive reference work on the subject. Topics discussed include: The physics and chemistry of explosives and explosions The detection of hidden explosives The effect of explosions on structures and persons Aircraft sabotage investigations Explosion scene investigations Casework management The role of forensic scientists Analysis of explosives and their residues Forensic pathology as it relates to explosives Presentation of expert testimony With nearly 40 percent more material, this new edition contains revised chapters and several new topics, including: A profile of casework management in the UK Forensic Explosives Laboratory, one of the world’s top labs, with a discussion of their management system, training procedures, and practical approaches to problem solving Properties and analysis of improvised explosives An examination of the Bali bombings and the use of mobile analytical techniques and mobile laboratories The collection, analysis, and presentation of evidence in vehicle-borne improvised explosive device cases, as evidenced in attacks on US overseas targets This volume offers valuable information to all members of prevention and post-blast teams. Each chapter was written by an expert or experts in a specific field and provides well-referenced information underlying best practices that can be used in the field, laboratory, conference room, classroom, or courtroom.

Download or read book Dictionary of Civil Engineering written by Jean-Paul Kurtz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-09-14 with total page 1520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I am pleased to present a work which marks a milestone in the history of public works and, more precisely, in that of permanent structures—a comprehensive dictionary of Civil Engineering terms. Since the beginning of time, Man has always tried to find a means to clear the obstacles which nature erected to displace him. With the first tree trunk thrown across a river, man sought to improve the crossing structure. After the invention of the wheel, and to satisfy his thirst for conquest (Roman ways), and comfort (aqueducts), man built bridges that became a preremptory necessity to move quickly. Thus, Man started to build wooden and masonry works. With the passing centuries, the builders became masters in the art of building masonry works. Then came the Industrial Revolution and the advent of the steel (1864), which was closely followed by the invention of the reinforced concrete (1855). The need for railways and improving the road network inspired great works of crossing such as viaducts and tunnels. The boom of the railway network and the development of the car required the construction of an increasing number of new structures. This phenomenon continues today with hundreds of structures built each year throughout the world.

Download or read book Organic Solid State Lasers written by Sébastien Forget and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources, potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low-costs. Appeared in the mid 60’s as solid-state alternatives for liquid dye lasers, they recently gained a new dimension after the demonstration of organic semiconductor lasers in the 90's. More recently, new perspectives appeared at the nanoscale, with organic polariton and surface plasmon lasers. After a brief reminder to laser physics, a first chapter exposes what makes organic solid-state organic lasers specific. The laser architectures used in organic lasers are then reviewed, with a state-of-the-art review of the performances of devices with regard to output power, threshold, lifetime, beam quality etc. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments with a special focus on the challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping of organic semiconductor lasers. A last chapter covers the applications of organic solid-state lasers.

Download or read book Ventricular Wall Motion written by Ulrich Sigwart and published by Thieme-Stratton Corporation. This book was released on 1984 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laser 50 Years Of Discoveries written by Fabien Bretenaker and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides an overview of the principle and applications of lasers enriched with numerous illustrations.Being over fifty years old, lasers continue to amaze us. Their performance characteristics are constantly reaching new limits, and the scope of their applications continues to expand. Yet, it took years of effort by teams of physicists to transform the fundamental notions of Einstein into the first experimental beam of laser light. And history is still going on as fundamental research is now triggered by its remarkable properties.This book addresses every aspects of laser light, from its fundamental principles to its industrial applications, at a level particularly suited for high school teachers, students, and anybody curious about science and technology.

Download or read book Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystals written by Agnes Buka and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book intends to give a state-of-the-art overview of flexoelectricity, a linear physical coupling between mechanical (orientational) deformations and electric polarization, which is specific to systems with orientational order, such as liquid crystals. Chapters written by experts in the field shed light on theoretical as well as experimental aspects of research carried out since the discovery of flexoelectricity. Besides a common macroscopic (continuum) description the microscopic theory of flexoelectricity is also addressed. Electro-optic effects due to or modified by flexoelectricity as well as various (direct and indirect) measurement methods are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the role of flexoelectricity in pattern-forming instabilities. While the main focus of the book lies in flexoelectricity in nematic liquid crystals, peculiarities of other mesophases (bent-core systems, cholesterics, and smectics) are also reviewed. Flexoelectricity has relevance to biological (living) systems and can also offer possibilities for technical applications. The basics of these two interdisciplinary fields are also summarized.

Download or read book Decisions of the Commissioner of Patents written by and published by . This book was released on 1871 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diffusion in Materials DIMAT 2011 written by Igor Bezverkhyy and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Conference on Diffusion in Materials (DIMAT) is the benchmark conference series for diffusion in solids. DIMAT 2011 was organized by the University of Bourgogne in association with CNRS, Dijon (France). The conference showcased new results concerning theoretical tools as well as applied research approaches. Diffusion processes affect all types of materials: nanomaterials, materials for energy, metallurgy, glasses and ceramics, but each requires its own numerical tools. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). This volume comprises most of the contributions presented at DIMAT 2011: 4 plenary lectures delivered by famous high-level scientists plus 88 contributions in the form of keynote lectures, talks and posters.

Download or read book Physicochemical Methods in the Study of Biomembranes written by Herwig J. Hilderson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In mammalian cells many physiological processes rely on the dynamics of the organization of lipids and proteins in biological membranes. The topics in this volume deal with physicochemical methods in the study of biomembranes. Some of them have a long and respectable history in the study of soluble proteins and have only recently been applied to the study of membranes. Some have tradi tionally been applied to studies of model systems of lipids of well-defined com position, as well as to intact membranes. Other methods, by their very nature, apply to organized bilayers comprised of both protein and lipid. Van Meer and van Genderen provide us with an introduction to the field (Chapter I). From their personal perspective regarding the distribution, trans port, and sorting of membrane lipids, they formulate a number of biologically relevant questions and show that the physicochemical methods described in this book may contribute in great measure to solving these issues. The methods of analytical ultracentrifugation have served faithfully for 60 years in the study of water-soluble proteins. The use of detergent extraction of membrane proteins, and the manipulation of density with H20/D20 mixtures, has extended this technique to the study of proteins, and in particular their interactions, from biological membranes. As described by Morris and Ralston in Chapter 2, this technique can be used to determine a number of important properties of proteins.

Download or read book Understanding Cardiac Imaging Techniques written by Paolo Marzullo and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: