Download or read book Counterfeit Integrated Circuits written by Mark (Mohammad) Tehranipoor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-12 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely and exhaustive study offers a much-needed examination of the scope and consequences of the electronic counterfeit trade. The authors describe a variety of shortcomings and vulnerabilities in the electronic component supply chain, which can result in counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs). Not only does this book provide an assessment of the current counterfeiting problems facing both the public and private sectors, it also offers practical, real-world solutions for combatting this substantial threat. · Helps beginners and practitioners in the field by providing a comprehensive background on the counterfeiting problem; · Presents innovative taxonomies for counterfeit types, test methods, and counterfeit defects, which allows for a detailed analysis of counterfeiting and its mitigation; · Provides step-by-step solutions for detecting different types of counterfeit ICs; · Offers pragmatic and practice-oriented, realistic solutions to counterfeit IC detection and avoidance, for industry and government.

Download or read book Integrated Circuit Authentication written by Mohammad Tehranipoor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes techniques to verify the authenticity of integrated circuits (ICs). It focuses on hardware Trojan detection and prevention and counterfeit detection and prevention. The authors discuss a variety of detection schemes and design methodologies for improving Trojan detection techniques, as well as various attempts at developing hardware Trojans in IP cores and ICs. While describing existing Trojan detection methods, the authors also analyze their effectiveness in disclosing various types of Trojans, and demonstrate several architecture-level solutions.

Download or read book Counterfeit Parts and Their Impact on the Supply Chain written by Kirsten M Koepsel and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why should the supply chain be concerned if their buyers or subcontractors are purchasing counterfeit electronic parts or if their products contain counterfeit electronic parts? If these parts end up in items that are safety critical and security-risk sensitive such as aviation, space, and defense products, whole secure systems can be comprised. As organizations have become aware of counterfeit parts, one of their responses may be to test upon acceptance or prior to receipt. But testing alone may not detect all counterfeits. Possible sources of counterfeits include products that did not meet quality control requirements and were not destroyed, overruns sold into the market place, unauthorized production shifts, theft, and e-waste. The counterfeited electronic part ends up in the supply chain when ordered by an unsuspecting buyer, who does not confirm the originating source of the part. The second edition of Counterfeit Parts and Their Impact on the Supply Chain expands on the latest insights of what is really happening in the world of supply chains, quality monitoring and testing, counterfeiting mitigation and avoidance strategy. It brings new light into the consequences of weak supply-chain monitoring and how costs, reliability and reputation are negatively impacted by counterfeit products and components.

Download or read book Low cost and Robust Countermeasures Against Counterfeit Integrated Circuits written by Yu Zheng and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) in a supply chain have emerged as a major threat to the semiconductor industry with serious potential consequences, such as reliability degradation of an end product and revenue/reputation loss of the original manufacturer. Counterfeit ICs come in various forms, including aged chips resold in the market, remarked/defective dies, and cloned unauthorized copies. In many cases, these ICs would have minor functional, structural and parametric deviations from genuine ones, which make them extremely difficult to isolate through conventional testing approaches. On the other hand, existing design approaches that aim at facilitating identification of counterfeit chips often incur unacceptable design and test cost. In this thesis, we present novel low-overhead and robust solutions for addressing various forms of counterfeiting attacks in ICs. The solutions presented here fall into two classes: (1) test methods to isolate counterfeit chips, in particular cloned or recycled ones; and (2) design methods to authenticate each IC instance with unique signature from each chip. The first set of solutions is based on constructing robust fingerprint of genuine chips through parametric analysis after mitigating the process variations. The second set of solutions is based on novel low-cost physical unclonable functions (PUFs) to create unique and random signature from a chip for reliable identification of counterfeit instances.We propose two test methods with complementary capabilities. The first one primarily targets cloned ICs by constructing the fingerprint from scan path delays. It uses the scan chain, a prevalent design-for-testability (DFT) structure, to create a robust authentication signature. A practical method based on clock phase sweep is proposed to measure small delay of scan paths with high resolution. The second one targets isolation of aged chips under large inter- and intra-die process variations without the need of any golden chips. It is based on comparing dynamic current fingerprints from two adjacent and self-similar modules (e.g., different parts of an adder) which experience differential aging.We propose two delay-based PUFs built in the scan chain which convert scan path delays into robust authentication signature without affecting testability. Another novel PUF structure is realized in embedded SRAM array, an integral component in modern processors and system-on-chips (SoCs), with virtually no design modification. It leverages on voltage-dependent memory access failures (during write) to produce large volume of high-quality challenge-response pairs. Since many modern ICs integrate SRAM array of varying size with isolated power grid, the proposed PUF can be easily retrofitted into these chips. Finally, we extend our work to authenticate counterfeit printed circuit boards (PCBs) based on extraction of boundary-scan path delay signatures from each PCB. The proposed approach exploits the standard boundary scan architecture based on IEEE 1149.1 standard to create unique signature for each PCB. The design and test approaches are validated through extensive simulations and hardware measurements, whenever possible. These approaches can be effectively integrated to provide nearly comprehensive protection against various forms of counterfeiting attacks in ICs and PCBs.

Download or read book Split Manufacturing of Integrated Circuits for Hardware Security and Trust written by Ranga Vemuri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization of the integrated circuit (IC) supply chains led to many potential vulnerabilities. Several attack scenarios can exploit these vulnerabilities to reverse engineer IC designs or to insert malicious trojan circuits. Split manufacturing refers to the process of splitting an IC design into multiple parts and fabricating these parts at two or more foundries such that the design is secure even when some or all of those foundries are potentially untrusted. Realizing its security benefits, researchers have proposed split fabrication methods for 2D, 2.5D, and the emerging 3D ICs. Both attack methods against split designs and defense techniques to thwart those attacks while minimizing overheads have steadily progressed over the past decade. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art and emerging directions in design splitting for secure split fabrication, design recognition and recovery attacks against split designs, and design techniques to defend against those attacks. Readers will learn methodologies for secure and trusted IC design and fabrication using split design methods to protect against supply chain vulnerabilities.

Download or read book Introduction to Hardware Security and Trust written by Mohammad Tehranipoor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the foundations for understanding hardware security and trust, which have become major concerns for national security over the past decade. Coverage includes security and trust issues in all types of electronic devices and systems such as ASICs, COTS, FPGAs, microprocessors/DSPs, and embedded systems. This serves as an invaluable reference to the state-of-the-art research that is of critical significance to the security of, and trust in, modern society’s microelectronic-supported infrastructures.

Download or read book Detecting Misuse of Intellectual Property and Counterfeit Integrated Circuits Using Thermal Communication Channels written by Carol Marsh and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hardware Supply Chain Security written by Basel Halak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a new threat modelling approach that specifically targets the hardware supply chain, covering security risks throughout the lifecycle of an electronic system. The authors present a case study on a new type of security attack, which combines two forms of attack mechanisms from two different stages of the IC supply chain. More specifically, this attack targets the newly developed, light cipher (Ascon) and demonstrates how it can be broken easily, when its implementation is compromised with a hardware Trojan. This book also discusses emerging countermeasures, including anti-counterfeit design techniques for resources constrained devices and anomaly detection methods for embedded systems.

Download or read book Counterfeit Electronic Parts and Their Impact on Supply Chains written by Kirsten M Koepsel and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic parts are used throughout industry to run everyday products, such as cell phones, and also highly technical products, such as aircraft, missiles, and spacecraft. Unlike cell phones, which are often replaced every year, the highly technical products may remain in service from 20 to more than 80 years. But what happens if the original electronic part, with a life cycle of 18 months, is no longer available? Some manufacturers have discovered that they have unwittingly purchased counterfeit ones. Counterfeit Electronic Parts and Their Impact on Supply Chains examines how these items are negatively affecting the aviation, spacecraft, and defense sectors and what can be done about it. As the inflow of counterfeit electronic parts does not appear to be slowing down, Counterfeit Electronic Parts and Their Impact on Supply Chains investigates the possible solutions to combat the issue, including legislation and standards, and other solutions that are government driven but that may be impacted by continuing budget cuts. The book also presents a high-level compilation of supply chain best practices identified in a survey of electronic parts manufacturers and government contractors. It is a must-read for those interested in a comprehensive review of the challenge of counterfeit electronic parts and the consequences of their use in both consumer and industrial products.

Download or read book Trustworthy Hardware Design Combinational Logic Locking Techniques written by Muhammad Yasin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the popularity of hardware security research, several edited monograms have been published, which aim at summarizing the research in a particular field. Typically, each book chapter is a recompilation of one or more research papers, and the focus is on summarizing the state-of-the-art research. Different from the edited monograms, the chapters in this book are not re-compilations of research papers. The book follows a pedagogical approach. Each chapter has been planned to emphasize the fundamental principles behind the logic locking algorithms and relate concepts to each other using a systematization of knowledge approach. Furthermore, the authors of this book have contributed to this field significantly through numerous fundamental papers.

Download or read book The Hardware Trojan War written by Swarup Bhunia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, for the first time, provides comprehensive coverage on malicious modification of electronic hardware, also known as, hardware Trojan attacks, highlighting the evolution of the threat, different attack modalities, the challenges, and diverse array of defense approaches. It debunks the myths associated with hardware Trojan attacks and presents practical attack space in the scope of current business models and practices. It covers the threat of hardware Trojan attacks for all attack surfaces; presents attack models, types and scenarios; discusses trust metrics; presents different forms of protection approaches – both proactive and reactive; provides insight on current industrial practices; and finally, describes emerging attack modes, defenses and future research pathways.

Download or read book Physical Assurance written by Navid Asadizanjani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with a comprehensive introduction to physical inspection-based approaches for electronics security. The authors explain the principles of physical inspection techniques including invasive, non-invasive and semi-invasive approaches and how they can be used for hardware assurance, from IC to PCB level. Coverage includes a wide variety of topics, from failure analysis and imaging, to testing, machine learning and automation, reverse engineering and attacks, and countermeasures.

Download or read book The Committee s Investigation Into Counterfeit Electronic Parts in the Department of Defense Supply Chain written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microelectronics Fialure Analysis Desk Reference Seventh Edition written by Tejinder Gandhi and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Electronic Device Failure Analysis Society proudly announces the Seventh Edition of the Microelectronics Failure Analysis Desk Reference, published by ASM International. The new edition will help engineers improve their ability to verify, isolate, uncover, and identify the root cause of failures. Prepared by a team of experts, this updated reference offers the latest information on advanced failure analysis tools and techniques, illustrated with numerous real-life examples. This book is geared to practicing engineers and for studies in the major area of power plant engineering. For non-metallurgists, a chapter has been devoted to the basics of material science, metallurgy of steels, heat treatment, and structure-property correlation. A chapter on materials for boiler tubes covers composition and application of different grades of steels and high temperature alloys currently in use as boiler tubes and future materials to be used in supercritical, ultra-supercritical and advanced ultra-supercritical thermal power plants. A comprehensive discussion on different mechanisms of boiler tube failure is the heart of the book. Additional chapters detailing the role of advanced material characterization techniques in failure investigation and the role of water chemistry in tube failures are key contributions to the book.

Download or read book Make Electronics written by Charles Platt and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2009-11-23 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is teaching at its best!" --Hans Camenzind, inventor of the 555 timer (the world's most successful integrated circuit), and author of Much Ado About Almost Nothing: Man's Encounter with the Electron (Booklocker.com) "A fabulous book: well written, well paced, fun, and informative. I also love the sense of humor. It's very good at disarming the fear. And it's gorgeous. I'll be recommending this book highly." --Tom Igoe, author of Physical Computing and Making Things Talk Want to learn the fundamentals of electronics in a fun, hands-on way? With Make: Electronics, you'll start working on real projects as soon as you crack open the book. Explore all of the key components and essential principles through a series of fascinating experiments. You'll build the circuits first, then learn the theory behind them! Build working devices, from simple to complex You'll start with the basics and then move on to more complicated projects. Go from switching circuits to integrated circuits, and from simple alarms to programmable microcontrollers. Step-by-step instructions and more than 500 full-color photographs and illustrations will help you use -- and understand -- electronics concepts and techniques. Discover by breaking things: experiment with components and learn from failure Set up a tricked-out project space: make a work area at home, equipped with the tools and parts you'll need Learn about key electronic components and their functions within a circuit Create an intrusion alarm, holiday lights, wearable electronic jewelry, audio processors, a reflex tester, and a combination lock Build an autonomous robot cart that can sense its environment and avoid obstacles Get clear, easy-to-understand explanations of what you're doing and why

Download or read book Intellectual Property Enforcement 2010 written by Victoria A. Espinel (au) and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-06 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2010 the inaugural U.S. Joint Strategic Plan on Intellectual Property Enforcement (Strategy) was issued. It was developed as a result of public input and the efforts of Fed. agencies. The Strategy included 33 action items to improve intellectual property enforcement, falling into six categories. This report shows how the U.S. Gov't. has implemented the action items and taken steps to improve enforcement, in order to grow the U.S. economy; create jobs and support U.S. exports; promote innovation and the security of America's comparative advantage in the global economy; protect consumer trust and safety; protect national and economic security; and validate rights protected under our Constitution. Illus. This is a print on demand report.

Download or read book Establishment of Trust and Integrity in Modern Supply Chain from Design to Resign written by Ujjwal Guin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of globalization and the resulting horizontal integration, present-day electronic component supply chain has become extremely complex and called for immediate solutions to eliminate counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs). Such counterfeit ICs have raised serious concerns regarding the safety and security of military systems, financial infrastructures, transportation, communication, household appliances, and many more applications. Various types of counterfeit ICs - recycled, remarked, overproduced, out-of-spec/defective, cloned, forged documentation, and tampered - have made the supply chain vulnerable to various attacks. However, due to the lack of efficient detection and avoidance techniques, many more instances of counterfeit ICs evade detection than those that are actually detected. Over the past few years, standards and programs have been put in place throughout the supply chain that outline testing, documenting, and reporting procedures for counterfeit IC detection. However, these test methods are mostly designed to detect only recycled and remarked ICs. Moreover, there is little uniformity in the test results among the various entities involved in the test process. Currently, there are no metrics for evaluating counterfeit detection methods. In addition, excessive cost and time to implement these tests make the detection process even challenging. In this research, we have addressed the aforementioned issues by assessing existing test methods with newly developed test metrics, and developing different design-for-anti-counterfeit (DfAC) measures. For the assessment of test methods, we have proposed taxonomies for (i) all different counterfeit IC types currently infiltrating the electronic component supply chain, (ii) defects present in different counterfeit ICs, and (iii) currently available test methods for detecting these ICs. Based on these taxonomies, we have introduced relevant and novel test metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of test methods. We have developed a comprehensive framework (i) for assessing a set of test methods to evaluate their effectiveness based on the newly developed metrics, (ii) selecting a set of test methods to maximize counterfeit defect coverage considering test cost and time budget, and (iii) deciding on the best set of test methods for achieving maximum counterfeit defect coverage (CDC). Due to the sheer number of different component types (digital, analog, and mixed-signal) and sizes (large or small), it becomes extremely difficult to develop a one-size-fits-all DfAC measure to detect and prevent counterfeit ICs. Thus, we have proposed a suite of DfAC measures, which can help us to detect these counterfeit ICs without the need for conventional test methods. First, we propose a group of solutions for combating die and IC recycling (CDIR). These solutions include light-weight, on-chip structures based on ring oscillators (RO-CDIR), and semiconductor fuses (F-CDIR). Each structure meets the unique needs and limitations of different part types and sizes, providing excellent coverage for recycled ICs. Recycled digital ICs can be effectively detected by using RO-CDIR. Any recycled ICs, specifically analog and mixed-signal ICs, can be identified by testing our F-CDIR with very low cost measurement devices, e.g., a multimeter. Second, we have proposed two improved versions of RO-CDIR as it is extremely challenging to detect a recycled IC that has been used for a very short period of time. These versions address the fact that process variations outpace the degradation caused by aging especially in lower technology nodes, making it harder to detect potential recycling by aging degradation. Simulation results demonstrate that these CDIRs can detect ICs used even for a few hours. Finally, we present FORTIS: a comprehensive solution for protecting semiconductor intellectual properties (IPs) and ICs by ensuring forward trust between all entities involved in the system-on-chip (SoC) design and fabrication process. FORTIS is designed to prevent IC overproduction; however, it can be used to prevent other counterfeit types (except recycled ones). FORTIS uses an existing logic encryption technique to obfuscate the netlist of a SoC or a third party IP and allows manufacturing tests before the activation of chips, a feature that is lacking in other competing techniques. In addition, we also propose to attach an IP digest to the IP header to prevent modification of an IP by the SoC designers. We have shown that our approach is resistant to various attacks with the cost of minimal area overhead.