Download or read book Counselling Skills Theory Research and Practice 3e written by John McLeod and published by Open University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-10 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An ideal companion for any therapy programme." Dr. Marcella Finnerty, IICP College President, Dublin, Ireland "This text really is a must-have for all involved in working with others; to empower and enable through a collaborative process." Prof Andrew Reeves, Professor in Counselling Professions and Mental Health, University of Chester and BACP Senior Accredited Counsellor/Psychotherapist, UK "For students of counselling and psychotherapy this is an invaluable resource that you will keep returning to during and beyond training." Nicola Blunden, Director of Studies, Person-Centred Pluralist Counselling, Metanoia Institute, UK "Essential reading for any student, trainee, or experienced professional in the field." Hanne Weie Oddli, PhD, Clinical psychologist and Associate professor at the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway Counselling Skills: Theory, Research and Practice provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the development of interpersonal helping skills used by counsellors, psychotherapists, life coaches, mental health workers, and practitioners in allied fields of practice. Distinctive features of its approach to this topic include: - Attention to the cultural and historical aspects of counselling skills - Tailored support for evidence-based practice - Grounding in training models such as self-practice and deliberate practice This new edition contains a wide range of learning tasks and reflection points to enable readers to work individually or with learning partners to deepen self-awareness, theoretical understanding, and practical skills. Specific chapters focus on: - Theoretical frameworks for making sense of counselling skills - Listening, empathy and shared understanding - Nonverbal and embodied presence - Dealing with difficult situations in counselling This book is a must-have for students and trainees who are in the process of acquiring and developing counselling, psychotherapeutic and helping skills, as well as a staple resource for experienced practitioners wishing to review and consolidate their skills. Julia McLeod is Lecturer in Counselling at Abertay University, Dundee, UK. She has been a counselling trainer and tutor with students from many different backgrounds, as well as having extensive experience as a therapist and supervisor. John McLeod is Emeritus Professor of Counselling at Abertay University Dundee, and Visiting Professor at the Institute for Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy in Dublin, Ireland. A leading figure in the field of counselling and psychotherapy research, his recent work has focused on the development of a flexible, pluralistic approach to therapy.
Download or read book Counselling Skills Theory Research and Practice 3e written by John McLeod and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An ideal companion for any therapy programme.” Dr. Marcella Finnerty, IICP College President, Dublin, Ireland “This text really is a must-have for all involved in working with others; to empower and enable through a collaborative process.” Prof Andrew Reeves, Professor in Counselling Professions and Mental Health, University of Chester and BACP Senior Accredited Counsellor/Psychotherapist, UK “For students of counselling and psychotherapy this is an invaluable resource that you will keep returning to during and beyond training.” Nicola Blunden, Director of Studies, Person-Centred Pluralist Counselling, Metanoia Institute, UK “Essential reading for any student, trainee, or experienced professional in the field.” Hanne Weie Oddli, PhD, Clinical psychologist and Associate professor at the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway Counselling Skills: Theory, Research and Practice provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the development of interpersonal helping skills used by counsellors, psychotherapists, life coaches, mental health workers, and practitioners in allied fields of practice. Distinctive features of its approach to this topic include: • Attention to the cultural and historical aspects of counselling skills • Tailored support for evidence-based practice • Grounding in training models such as self-practice and deliberate practice This new edition contains a wide range of learning tasks and reflection points to enable readers to work individually or with learning partners to deepen self-awareness, theoretical understanding, and practical skills. Specific chapters focus on: • Theoretical frameworks for making sense of counselling skills • Listening, empathy and shared understanding • Nonverbal and embodied presence • Dealing with difficult situations in counselling This book is a must-have for students and trainees who are in the process of acquiring and developing counselling, psychotherapeutic and helping skills, as well as a staple resource for experienced practitioners wishing to review and consolidate their skills. Julia McLeod is Lecturer in Counselling at Abertay University, Dundee, UK. She has been a counselling trainer and tutor with students from many different backgrounds, as well as having extensive experience as a therapist and supervisor. John McLeod is Emeritus Professor of Counselling at Abertay University Dundee, and Visiting Professor at the Institute for Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy in Dublin, Ireland. A leading figure in the field of counselling and psychotherapy research, his recent work has focused on the development of a flexible, pluralistic approach to therapy.
Download or read book Counselling Skills and Theory 3rd Edition written by Margaret Hough and published by Hodder Education. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is where you can find an overview of the major approaches in counselling, how they fit together, and how you can integrate them into your practice. It's also your guide to the nature of counselling, the skills needed to be a counsellor and managing the challenges of the counselling relationship! This new edition is suitable for a wide range of courses, including Foundation, Certificate, Diploma and Higher Education studies in Counselling. There is discussion of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies programme with expanded coverage of CBT approaches. It also references the latest BACP guidelines for counsellor training and best practice. The book reflects the impending requirement for statutory regulation of counsellors and psychotherapists via the Health Professions Council. Every year the Case Studies, Exercises , Handouts, and Resources tips in this book help thousands of trainees and established practitioners develop their understanding of the theories and practical skills required in this challenging and rewarding profession!
Download or read book Counselling Skills and Theory written by Margaret Hough and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous ed.: London: Hodder Arnold, 2006.
Download or read book An Introduction to Counselling and Psychotherapy written by Andrew Reeves and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-11-16 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an authoritative introduction to everything you need to know to become a professional therapist. It takes you through the entire therapeutic process, introducing the theory and applying it to real-life practice. Drawing on years of experience as a counselling practitioner and researcher, Andrew Reeves links counselling and psychotherapy theory to the development of appropriate skills, and locates it within the context of therapeutic practice today. Engagingly and accessibly written, the book is packed with learning features including Chapter Overviews, Summaries and a Glossary -helping you navigate the book and get the most out of it. Discussion Points, 'Skills Practice' and 'Pause for Reflection' sections, helping you critically engage with and reflect on what you have learned. Case Studies and scenarios, helping you apply key ideas in practice across settings and modalities. Indicated Further Reading and Important Websites - supporting your continued learning. This groundbreaking textbook represents a benchmark in understanding - and applying - the principles and practice of counselling and psychotherapy. It's accompanied by a companion website featuring a wealth of chapter-by-chapter resources for both students and lecturers to use alongside the book. From extended case studies through to web resources, links and PowerPoint presentations, these extra resources will help aid and enhance your learning and understanding. Andrew Reeves is a counsellor at the University of Liverpool and Editor of Counselling and Psychotherapy Research journal.
Download or read book Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice written by John Sommers-Flanagan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apply the major psychotherapy theories into practice with this comprehensive text Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice: Skills, Strategies, and Techniques, 2nd Edition is an in-depth guide that provides useful learning aids, instructions for ongoing assessment, and valuable case studies. More than just a reference, this approachable resource highlights practical applications of theoretical concepts, covering both theory and technique with one text. Easy to read and with engaging information that has been recently revised to align with the latest in industry best practices, this book is the perfect resource for graduate level counseling theory courses in counselor education, marriage and family therapy, counseling psychology, and clinical psychology. Included with each copy of the text is an access code to the online Video Resource Center (VRC). The VRC features eleven videos—each one covering a different therapeutic approach using real therapists and clients, not actors. These videos provide a perfect complement to the book by showing what the different theories look like in practice. The Second Edition features: New chapters on Family Systems Theory and Therapy as well as Gestalt Theory and Therapy Extended case examples in each of the twelve Theory chapters A treatment planning section that illustrates how specific theories can be used in problem formulation, specific interventions, and potential outcomes assessment Deeper and more continuous examination of gender and cultural issues An evidence-based status section in each Theory chapter focusing on what we know from the scientific research, with the goal of developing critical thinking skills A new section on Outcome Measures that provides ideas on how client outcomes can be tracked using practice-based evidence Showcasing the latest research, theory, and evidence-based practice in an engaging and relatable style, Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories in Context and Practice is an illuminating text with outstanding practical value.
Download or read book Counselling Skills for Dietitians written by Judy Gable and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-16 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition Counselling Skills for Dieticians has been fully revised and updated to reflect the recent developments, research and interests in the field. It explores the skills required for dietetic counselling, and includes frequent examples of dialogue from patient consultations, as well as exercises and activities so that the reader can undergo experiential learning relevant to their practice. Includes examples from daily practice to illustrate the difficulties encountered by dietitians and demonstrate the application of counselling skills Clearly explains theoretical models of accepted counselling practice underpinning the skills described Has been updated to include additional information on topics such as assertiveness skills and eating distress Addresses practical and psychological issues faced by dietitians and patients Includes the latest research evidence for counselling skills in dietetic practice Draws upon research evidence, theory and experience from the fields of psychotherapy and counselling Now provides access to a range of supportive online material including videos of consultations, case studies and resources for trainers
Download or read book EBOOK Counselling Skills A Practical Guide for Counsellors and Helping Professionals written by John McLeod and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For anyone in a caring, facilitative or managing role, Counselling Skills provides a uniquely comprehensive, accessible and practical guide to interpersonal helping. It introduces a way of working that is both focused and personalised: tailored to an individual client's specific goals and preferences. The book will be invaluable to anyone who wants to help others deal with their problems." Mick Cooper, University of Strathclyde, UK "Not everyone possesses the skills required to ensure that professional communication is compassionate and supportive, but the skills can be learned and this book on Counselling Skills provides just the resource needed. Its authors have the experience as practitioners and teachers to imbue the text with wisdom derived from life, academia and counselling. The book is carefully crafted and beautifully written; it includes exercises and examples that enhance learning; it is comprehensive and completely relevant for anyone who seeks to use counselling skills competently in their work." Professor Sue Wheeler, University of Leicester, UK "The book offers a sound and accessible introduction for anyone considering formal counselling skills training ... As a bereavement counsellor I will gladly keep a place for this book on my bookshelf, as it offers a useful refresher in basic skills. I would certainly recommend it to colleagues within pastoral caring roles and other caring professions." Sally Smith, Counselling Psychology student at The University of Wolverhampton, UK This bestselling book is designed to help counselling trainees acquire and develop the skills and techniques needed to have therapeutic impact with their clients. It also provides those in the helping professions with an easy-to-follow model of 'embedded counselling' that provides tools and strategies for offering counselling relationships within a diversity of work settings. The new edition is thoroughly revised and features nine new chapters, addressing such topics as: an A-Z of practical counselling skills, dealing with difficult relationships, issues caused by cultural diversity or life transitions, and issues in loss and bereavement. The book also covers: Key counselling skills such as caring, listening, questioning and reframing, reflection, attunement to a client, challenging and giving advice Building a counselling relationship Developing understanding of clients' issues Resolving difficult feelings and emotions Ethical principles of counselling practice Working together to change behaviour Counselling Skills, 2nd edition is packed with exercises and information on recent studies, to help readers relate theory to their own practice. Written in an accessible, engaging style, with numerous case examples, this book is suitable for students taking courses or modules in counselling skills, counsellors in training, and any professionals who may provide counselling support within their roles, including teachers, doctors, community workers, social workers and nurses.
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Grief Counseling Second Edition written by Howard R. Winokuer, PhD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for the First Edition: "The book is well-written, interesting, informative, thorough, and useful! As an educator for 43 years, this is the sort of text that I would be pleased to use in my classroom!....I would highly recommend this book! It is an important contribution to the field!"-- Gerry R. Cox , PhD, Illness, Crisis and Loss This core, introductory textbook for undergraduate and graduate-level courses is the first to combine the knowledge and skills of counseling psychology with current theory and research in grief and bereavement. The second edition has been updated to reflect important new research and changes in the field, including insights on complicated grief, resilience after adverse life experiences, and compassion-based approaches to death, loss, and grief. It discusses the implications of the DSM-5ís omission of the bereavement exclusion for the diagnosis of a major depressive disorder. A completely new chapter on the social context of loss addresses social messages, grieving rules, workplace policies, and the disenfranchisement of many aspects of normal, health grief. The text also touches upon some of the therapies that have been developed by major researchers in the field to address complicated grief. New case scenarios further enrich the second edition. The text is grounded in the belief that grief counseling is distinct from other therapeutic issues because it is an adaptive response rather than a form of pathology. It describes the unique aspects of grief as a normal response to losses both death and non-death related, and views the goal of counseling bereaved individuals as one of facilitating the unfolding of the healthy and adaptive aspects of the process as it manifests itself within each client. The book introduces various theories of bereavement and examines different therapeutic modalities that can be used in the context of grief and loss. Specific counseling practices that facilitate successful interventions are discussed, particularly that of "presence," considered by the authors to be the primary therapeutic stance when working with bereaved individuals. The text also addresses grief counseling with special populations, ethical issues, and self-care concerns for counselors. Case studies, discussion and reflection questions, and suggested additional resources are included in each chapter. New to the Second Edition: New insights on complicated grief, DSM categorizations of grief, resilience, and compassion-based approaches to death, loss, and grief A completely new chapter on the social context of loss, including social messaging, grieving rules, and workplace policies New case scenarios Addresses the unique aspects of grief after suicide and homicide Distinguishes grief/complicated grief from depression and trauma New information on the role and use of grief support groups New information on the use of social media and privacy issues Newly developed models of compassion-based response for counselors Application of current neuroscience research to grief counseling Use of technology and online counseling Key Features: Provides research-supported, practical guidance for grief counseling and support Regards grief therapy as a unique form of counseling based on grief as an adaptive response rather than as a form of pathology Written by two internationally recognized leaders in the field Focuses on the importance of ìpresenceî as the most important therapeutic foundation for working with bereaved individuals Includes questions for reflection and glossary of terms
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Counselling and Psychotherapy written by Colin Feltham and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-01-20 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic Inspection Copy available for instructors here 'At about 700 pages and with contributions from more than 100 authors the editors have shown considerable skill, not to mention application, in sculpting a text that is economically delivered and lucid in its writing' - Dave Mearns, Professor Emeritus, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow 'The field of counselling and psychotherapy moves on but The Sage Handbook of Counselling and Psychotherapy keeps up!' - Professor Sue Wheeler, Director of the Doctoral Programme, Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Leicester 'This book is the definitive text on the theory and practice of counselling and psychotherapy. The editors are to be commended!' - Professor Robert Bor CPsychol FBPsS CSci UKCP Reg FRAeS, Lead Consultant Clinical, Counselling & Health Psychologist, Royal Free Hospital and Co-Director, Dynamic Change Consultants www.dccclinical.com 'The what's what from the who's who in counselling in psychotherapy' - Professor Del Loewenthal, RCTE, University of Roehampton This long-awaited third edition brings together the fundamentals of counselling and psychotherapy theory, research, skills and practice. It addresses what every successful trainee or practitioner needs to know, do, think, feel, and use in a way that is entirely comprehensive, accessible and jargon-free. Including new material on interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive analytic therapy, pluralistic therapy and mindfulness, as well as body psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, Asperger Syndrome, ADHD, and low self-esteem, this book continues to be essential reading for trainees or experienced practitioners alike. Colin Feltham is Emeritus Professor of Critical Counselling Studies, Sheffield Hallam University, Fellow of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy, BACP Senior Registered Practitioner and former co- editor of the British Journal for Guidance and Counselling. Ian Horton is now retired and was Principal Lecturer in Counselling and Psychotherapy at University of East London, Chair of the UKRC Executive, a BACP accredited counsellor and UKRC registered independent counsellor. He is a fellow of the BACP.
Download or read book Basic Counselling Skills written by Richard Nelson-Jones and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2015-11-12 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical bestseller from leading expert Richard Nelson-Jones introduces the essential counselling skills for the helping professions. Now in its fourth edition, it guides you through the key skills for helping work across a range of settings, such as counselling, nursing, social work, youth work, education and many more. It explores 17 key counselling skills, including: -asking questions -monitoring -facilitating problem solving -negotiating homework Each chapter describes a particular skill, illustrates it using clear case examples across a range of settings and then helps you consolidate and practise what you′ve learned through a set of creative activities. Further chapters cover professional issues including a new chapter on managing crises and chapters on ethical dilemmas, supervision, working with diversity and more.
Download or read book Counselling Skills and Theory 5th Edition written by Margaret Hough and published by Hodder Education. This book was released on 2021-08-27 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trusted author Margaret Hough updates this bestselling resource that will provide you with the clearest introduction to the major approaches in counselling. Easy to read, clear and concise, this full colour updated edition will take you from learning to application with a variety of group tasks and case studies to explore and evaluate. - Explore the new extended sections on Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Neuroscience, and Cultural Diversity and Counselling to highlight new approaches, developments and research. - Consolidate learning with new student exercises - now over 70! - Translate theory into practice with new case studies, including some that will illustrate the problems clients experienced during Covid-19, with special reference to emotional and psychological effects of lockdown - Understand the ways in which neuroscience helps us understand the beneficial effects of counselling and psychotherapy with the regular references throughout the book.
Download or read book Solution Focused Therapy written by Bill O′Connell and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Struggling with the intricacies of Solution-Focused theory, skills or practice? Wanting to learn more about providing brief, practically-based solution-focused interventions across many therapeutic settings? As part of the popular Brief Therapies Series, this long awaited third edition will tell you all you need to know about Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT) and more! This popular introduction takes you step-by-step through the counselling process, providing insight into how to structure and manage your therapeutic work in ways that are grounded in Solution-Focused principles. This book includes: - a detailed introduction to the theory and practice of ′brief′ therapy - a discussion of the foundations of SFT - exercises to use with clients and/or trainees - brand new case examples relating theory directly to practice - an insightful reflection on the journey of the practitioner From leading Solution-Focused expert Bill O′Connell, this book will not only provide practical guidelines and theoretical background for the beginner but support and inspiration for the more experienced. Bill O′Connell is Director of Training for Focus on Solutions Limited in Birmingham. He was previously Head of the Counselling Department at Westhill College of Higher Education, Birmingham, and is co-editor of Handbook of Solution-Focused Therapy (SAGE, 2003).
Download or read book Counselling Skills and Theory written by Margaret Hough and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trust this bestselling resource to provide you with the clearest introduction to the major approaches in counselling. Written by expert counsellor and bestselling author Margaret Hough, this textbook provides the clearest overview and introduction to the subject. It covers the major approaches to the field, how they interrelate and how you can put them into practice. Suitable for a wide range of qualifications from Foundation courses to Higher Education, it will help you to understand the nature of counselling, the skills you will need to develop and how to overcome the challenges you might face in this rewarding profession. This new edition, now in full colour, provides up-to-date research on topics such as ethics in counselling and the importance of both supervision and person-centred care in residential and hospital settings. - Navigate your way easily with the book's clear language and structure. - Translate theory into practice with realistic case studies, exercises and other useful features. - Develop your knowledge with extended coverage of cognitive behavioural therapy, Brief therapy and online counselling. - Further your understanding with expanded coverage of working with younger clients, counselling for trauma and disaster and psychodynamic theories
Download or read book The Heart of Counseling written by Jeff L. Cochran and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its third edition, The Heart of Counseling is a key resource helping students to understand the importance of therapeutic relationships and to develop the qualities that make the therapeutic relationships they build with clients the foundation of healing. In these pages, students will learn how all skills arise from, and are directly related to, the counselor’s development and how they build therapeutic relationships. Student learning ranges from therapeutic listening and empathy to structuring sessions, from explaining counseling to clients and caregivers to providing wrap-around services, and ultimately to experiencing therapeutic relationships as the foundation of professional and personal growth. Enhancing development with extensive online student and instructor materials, this new edition includes: extensive case studies and discussions on applying skills in school and agency settings specific guidance on how to translate the abstract concepts of therapeutic relationships into concrete skill sets exploration of counseling theories and tasks within and extending from core counseling skills session videos that bring each chapter to life test banks, an instructor’s guide, slides and lesson notes, syllabus, and video sessions index
Download or read book Integrative Counselling Skills in Action written by Sue Culley and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ′As a counsellor, supervisor and trainer I find this book such an excellent resource. It is invaluable in my teaching as well as supporting learning in supervision. Culley and Bond use their extensive experience as practitioners to demystify potentially complex ideas, instead presenting them in an accessible and engaging way. Counselling skills are described clearly and case study material is relevant to practice. The third edition brings new and contemporary content that further enhances the value of the book. Buy it now!′ - Dr Andrew Reeves, Counsellor, Supervisor, Trainer and Editor of Counselling and Psychotherapy Research journal. Integrative Counselling Skills in Action, third edition, is a bestselling introduction to the core counselling skills. It takes you step-by-step through the skills and strategies needed at each stage of the counselling process -- beginning, middle and end - using illustrative case examples and providing practical checklists and summaries. New to the third edition: · Negotiating and managing a counselling contract · Using self-disclosure · Preparing for and using supervision · An example of supervision included in extended case study · A new preface Integrative Counselling Skills in Action is used by many thousands of students and practitioners who need guidance on using counselling skills in a variety of helping settings.
Download or read book Introduction to Counselling Skills written by Richard Nelson-Jones and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2005 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `As a course book or an aide to individual learning this book contains a wealth of information and guidance based on years of study and practice. It is easy to use because it is clearly signposted. I particularly like the way the author addresses the range of issues a student needs to consider before embarking on a counselling course. The structure of building block by block, skill by skill simplifies assessment′ - Counselling and Psychotherapy Journal Good counselling skills are the key to effective helping relationships. Introduction to Counselling Skills, Second Edition is designed to help readers′ acquire and develop these skills, using an easy-to-follow, three-stage model. Drawing on many years experience as a counsellor, trainer and writer, Richard Nelson-Jones describes in detail each stage in the helping process and gives examples to show how the skills work in practice. The examples also demonstrate the variety of contexts in which counselling skills are commonly used, as well as the diversity of issues and problems they can help to address. The book covers: } what counselling skills are } how to conduct sessions } ways to clarify and expand your understanding } how to improve your listening skills } ethical skills. Introduction to Counselling Skills, Second Edition is full of practical features designed to aid learning, including activities related to the particular skill being described, learning outcomes, examples, summaries and a glossary of key terms. For this, the Second Edition, the book has been fully up-dated and new material has been added on the diversity of helpers and clients, the use of training groups and supervision. Combining a clear explanation of skills, with a host of practical activities, Introduction to Counselling Skills, Second Edition is the ideal text for introductory courses in counselling skills, counselling and many other professional areas including health care, management, education and social work.
