Download or read book Costs and Productivity of Woody Biomass Harvesting in Integrated Stand Conversion and Residue Recovery Operations written by Hunter Harrill and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Practices and Perspectives in Sustainable Bioenergy written by Madhumi Mitra and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-29 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a systems approach to bioenergy and provides a means to capture the complexity of bioenergy issues, including both direct and indirect impacts across the energy economy. The book addresses critical topics such as systems thinking; sustainability, biomass; feedstocks of importance and relevance (that are not competing with the food market); anaerobic digestion and biogas; biopower and bioheat; and policies, economy, and rights to access to clean energy. This is a contributed volume with each chapter written by relevant experts in the respective fields of research and teaching. Each chapter includes a review with highlights of the key points, critical-thinking questions, and a glossary.This book can be used as a primary or secondary textbook in courses related to bioenergy and bioproducts and sustainable biofuels. It is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Researchers, professionals, and policy makers will also be able to use this book for current reference materials.
Download or read book The Economics of a Mechanized Multiproduct Harvesting System for Stand Conversion of Northern Hardwoods written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economic Feasibility of an Integrated Woody Biomass Harvest in the Missouri Ozark Highlands written by Ryan Leonard Sims and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions have risen in recent years regarding the impacts of biomass harvesting for renewable energy production and on the cost and efficiency of biomass harvesting using different harvest equipment configurations. Missouri has a set of Best Management Practices (BMPs) to guide woody biomass harvesting. This study will address the different results (mainly cost and production data) that come with incorporating various BMPs and how costs and revenues can vary when implementing these different management practices. This study applied two silvicultural treatments and a control to 72 acres of oak-hickory stands comprising poles and small sawtimber-sized stems of primarily white oak (Quercus alba) and low quality black oaks (Quercus velutina) in the Missouri Ozark highlands. Treatments were: 1) clearcut to establish a new cohort of trees and 2) intermediate thin in an attempt to improve residual stand quality, in which both small diameter trees and merchantable sawlogs were removed. Both treatments used a mechanized, integrated harvest approach. Each treatment had 3 sub-treatments (clearcut had 4 sub-treatments) that called for leaving varying levels and types of residues on the ground to maintain soil nutrient pools. Trees were merchandized for the highest value possible, with biomass chips produced from limbs and tops or stems that were otherwise unmerchantable. A system feasibility analysis was implemented to determine productivity, costs, and prices needed for economic feasibility. An average of 49.4 tons of SHWP and 10.9 tons of fuel chips were removed per acre at an average cost per ton of $27.70 and $48.62 in the clearcut treatments, respectively. An average of 19.1 tons of SHWP and 3.7 tons of fuel chips were removed per acre at an average cost per ton of $32.87 and $64.84 in the intermediate thinning treatments, respectively.
Download or read book Research Paper NC written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamic Analysis of Harvesting and Handling Systems for Biomass Energy Feedstocks written by Barbara Heliodora Machado Mantovani and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A SLAM II combination network discrete event model was developed to simulate harvest and transpot of corn residue, hay and wood chips for delivery to a central biomass conversion plant, on a year around basis. Ten years of climatological and biomass production data, from 1971-72 to 1980-81, were included in the model, in order to quantify the effect of weather on system performance. The model was used to analyze the system under several combinations and proportions of three feedstocks, plants of two sizes, localized in three regions: Northern, Central and Southern Indiana. Different harvest systems were compared: corn residue and hay big round bales or stacks, and wood chips from clear cut, thinning or plantation operations. Four storage capacities at the plant yard for corn residue and hay were compared and also the effect of number of machines on equipment utilization and costs were studied. The results showed that weather plays an important role on system performance, especially on the collection and transportation of corn residue and hay. In the worst weather year studied, the conversion plant working time was increased 29% by going farther to collect corn residue, increasing the haul radius by 41%, with the same equipment. To supply a conversion plant utilizing 40,000 Mg/year (1 Mg= 1 metric tonne ) of wood chips or less, the forestry equipment should be utilized not only to produce chips for this particular plant, but also to perform other jobs, in order to decrease production costs. Corn residue yields averaged 3.3 Mg/ha and hay yields averaged 1.9 Mg/ha. Wood chips productivity per cutting averaged 86 Mg/ha for clear cut, 53 mg/ha for thinning and 40 Mg/ha for plantations, for 100, 20 and 5 yaers rotation ages respectively. In an average weather year it cost up 71% more to collect and transport corn residue bales than to produce and transport wood chips from clear cut. Stacks and bales cost about the same to produce, but it cost 55% more to transport bales than to transport stacks. Production and transportation costs were about twice as much for a clear cut operation compared to a plantation system.
Download or read book SERBEP written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Seventh International FPRS Industrial Wood Energy Forum 83 written by and published by Forest Products Society. This book was released on 1985 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy from Biomass written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Miscellaneous Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Woody Biomass for Bioenergy and Biofuels in the United States a Briefing Paper written by Eric White and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-03 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Woody biomass can be used for the generation of heat, electricity, and biofuels. In many cases, the technology for converting woody biomass into energy has been established for decades, but because the price of woody biomass energy has not been competitive with traditional fossil fuels, bioenergy production from woody biomass has not been widely adopted. However, current projections of future energy use and renewable energy and climate change legislation under consideration suggest increased use of both forest and agriculture biomass energy in the coming decades. This report provides a summary of some of the existing knowledge and literature related to the production of woody biomass from bioenergy with a particular focus on the economic perspective. The most commonly discussed woody biomass feedstocks are described along with results of existing economic modeling studies related to the provision of biomass from short-rotation woody crops, harvest residues, and hazardous-fuel reduction efforts. Additionally, the existing social science literature is used to highlight some challenges to widespread production of biomass energy.
Download or read book The Economic Feasibility of Woody Biomass Harvest Practices in Missouri written by Shane Botard and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Woody biomass materials which include timber harvest residues, such as tree tops and small diameter trees, have the potential to be an important source of renewable energy. Their use as an energy feedstock or use as an input for other products is partly dependent on whether the materials can be harvested and transported to markets in a cost-efficient manner. In order to supplement the current knowledge base on woody biomass harvest systems, two integrated harvest systems, a whole tree harvest that extracted tops and a whole tree harvest that extracted tops and small diameter trees, simultaneously harvested woody biomass and conventional solid hardwood products (SHWP) on 30 acres of Missouri forestland. A mechanized system consisting of a feller-buncher, grapple skidder, and loader was used in both harvesting systems. Activity sampling and time-in-motion data were collected on all harvest machinery to determine system efficiency. Joint cost analysis was used to separate costs associated with harvesting SHWP and woody biomass. Marginal cost analysis was used to treat the tops of SHWP that were brought whole tree to the landing as a by-product of the SHWP. A sensitivity analysis was used to test the effects of changes of different costs on the cost per green ton of SHWP and woody biomass. Total cost estimates per green ton of material delivered to the landing at a 5% interest rate were $35.25 for SHWP and $5.76 for woody biomass in the whole tree (WT) harvest and $32.82 for SHWP and $8.81 for woody biomass in the whole tree with small diameter tree (WTSD) harvest. With the addition of a chipper, woody biomass costs increased to $11.11 per green ton in the WT harvest system and $14.16 per green ton in the WTSD harvest system.
Download or read book Biomass Harvesting Cost Analysis Using Field Scale Testing Data written by Edwin Brokesh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2008 AGCO began a project to develop machinery to harvest biomass for a DOE project called "Integration of Advanced Logistical Systems and Focused Bioenergy Harvesting Technologies to supply Crop Residues and A Herbaceous Energy Crops in a Diversified Large Square Bale Format". The project considered the harvest of corn stover, wheat straw, switchgrass and energy sorghum. AGCO modified some existing pieces of production hay harvesting equipment and developed a new larger square baler for single pass crop residue harvesting. Field scale tests of the developed equipment occurred in the years 2010, 2011, and 2012. Data collected during these tests included crop harvested, field location, number of hectares harvested, moisture content of harvested biomass, number of bales produced, weight of each bale, time to harvest, model(s) and sizes of machine(s) used, and fuel consumed. Data was collected for different harvesting techniques for crop residues: two-pass vs single-pass harvesting for corn stover and wheat straw. Data was collected for harvesting switchgrass and energy sorghum for comparison purposes. The cropping years were very different over the course of the project due rain fall amounts. The data was analyzed using American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineer machinery management standards and accepted Agriculture & Applied Economics Association assumptions. Excel spreadsheets were developed to calculate the harvesting costs on a dry Mg basis for each crop that was harvested. Results from the data analysis was used to modify the Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics model to predict harvesting costs for crop residues at different yield levels, harvest conditions, and machine settings for single-pass harvesting. A number of conclusions can be drawn from this analysis. First, "take rates" for crop residues can have a significant effect on harvest costs. Low "take rates" can make it economically unfeasible to harvest crop residues in some instances. Second, single-pass harvesting of crop residues is less labor and fuel intensive than multi-pass harvesting. Third, the large yields potential of energy sorghum, which requires more operations to harvest than switchgrass, more economically to harvest than switchgrass. Fourth, operational techniques can be used to offset some crop variability to reduce harvest cost of crop residues. Lastly, a decision tool has been developed to aid producers in the decision of whether to harvest corn stover or not based on cost return estimates.
Download or read book An International Review of Integrated Harvesting Systems written by G. David Puttock and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Optimization of Forest Biomass Processing and Transport written by René Arturo Zamora Cristales and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An economic analysis and optimization of forest biomass processing and transportation at the operational level is presented. Renewable sources of energy have captured the interest of public and private institutions to develop cost-effective supply chains to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The production of energy from forest harvest residues constitutes an opportunity to develop a supply chain for producing heat, electricity and liquid fuels from renewable materials. Special interest has been directed to the production of aviation fuel given the characteristics of the commercial aircraft technology that cannot use other renewable sources such as electricity, nuclear power or wind turbines. In economic terms, the production of energy from forest harvest residues at actual market prices requires efficient cost management and planning in order to compete with traditional fossil fuel supply chains. Efficient cost management requires an understanding of the operational stages in order to propose alternatives to improve the planning process, reduce costs, and increase the chance of success of this emerging supply chain. The main goal of this study is to improve cost-efficiency of an emerging energy supply chain from forest harvest residues. A general objective is the economic optimization of forest biomass processing and transportation at the operational level. We developed a model and frame-work to analyze the economics of forest biomass processing and transportation using mixed integer programming (MIP), simulation, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and forest operation analysis. We developed an economic costing model that accounts for the cost of machinery and truck waiting time. The study is primarily focused on difficult access steep-land regions although it can also be applied to areas with less restricted road access. A stochastic discrete-event simulation model was developed to estimate cost management strategies to improve economics of mobile chipping operations and analyze the effect of uncertainty in this type of operation. The model was successful in predicting productivity of actual forest biomass recovery operations. The model also allowed analyzing the economic effect of truck-machine interactions when using mobile equipment to process the forest residues With stationary processing equipment, the economic effect of truck-machine interactions on closely coupled operations was analyzed through a simulation model. It was demonstrated that truck-machine interactions affect machine utilization rates and, thus, the economics of the operation. Truck-machine interaction must be accounted for when analyzing forest recovery operations to avoid inaccurate cost estimation. Finally a mathematical solution procedure based on mixed integer programming, GIS and simulation was developed to support planning decisions in forest biomass recovery operations, including economic modeling of the effect of waiting times. The solution procedure was incorporated in the decision support system, Residue Evaluation and Network Optimization (RENO) developed in JAVA platform. The decision support system was demonstrated to be an accurate and effective tool to estimate the most cost effective processing machinery and transport configuration given road access, material physical properties, spatial location of the residue piles and accounting for truck-machine interactions. Additionally, an Ant Colony heuristic is included in the model to bring support to the MIP branch and bound solution method by providing an initial solution for objective function. The model is also flexible to user changes to allow the analyst to analyze the sensitivity of the results to main production variables.
Download or read book Special Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
