Download or read book Cost Effectiveness of the California Low Emission Vehicle Standards written by Thomas C. Austin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Driving Emissions to Zero Are the Benefits of California s Zero Emission Vehicle Program Worth the Costs written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program is a controversial part of California's strategy for meeting federal air quality standards. The program has been significantly modified multiple times since it was adopted by the California Air Resources Board in 1990 and is currently being challenged in court. This report is an independent assessment of the costs and emission benefits of ZEVs and the other low-emission vehicles that manufacturers are allowed to use to meet ZEV program requirements. It reviews the program in the context of the overall strategy for reducing emissions in the greater Los Angeles area and makes recommendations for reform. The analysis and results presented should be of interest to government agencies, environmental groups, and automakers involved in developing policies to improve air quality in California. California has made significant progress in improving air quality in many parts of the state. However, substantial reductions in emissions of non-methane organic gases (NMO(3) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are still needed to meet federal standards in California's South Coast Air Basin by 2010, as required by the Clean Air Act. The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) have adopted an aggressive strategy to reduce emissions. A controversial part of this strategy is the state's Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program, which requires that auto manufacturers begin selling ZEVs starting in 2003. The ZEV program is a first step in achieving CARB.
Download or read book Driving Emissions to Zero written by Lloyd S. Dixon and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2002 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California's Zero Emission Vehicle ÝZEV¨ program requires that starting in 2003, a portion of the new vehicles delivered for sale in the state must produce no emissions. This study examines the costs and emission benefits of battery powered electric vehicles, direct hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, and other advanced technology vehicles, such as gasoline hybrid electric vehicles, that manufacturers may use to satisfy program requirements. The authors find that the cost of battery-powered electric vehicles per ton of emissions reduced is very high and not likely to fall to reasonable levels any time soon, and that it is too early to tell whether direct hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which show much promise, are an economical way to improve California's air quality. The study also evaluates California's goal of reducing the emissions of the state's light duty vehicle fleet to zero. It finds that federal air quality standards can be met without a zero emission fleet and that lower cost alternatives for improving air quality appear available. The authors conclude that instead of requiring manufacturers to meet emission reduction targets with particular vehicle technologies, California should eliminate the requirement for zero emission vehicles, tighten emission standards on light-duty vehicles, and focus on setting emission performance standards.
Download or read book Cost Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Download or read book California s Ozone reduction Strategy for Light duty Vehicles written by Lloyd S. Dixon and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 1996 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic costs and environmental effects are analyzed for California's multi-pronged strategy for reducing emissions from passenger cars and light-duty trucks, vehicles that are believed to account for a substantial fraction of ozone-producing emissions across the state. The study analyzes costs, emissions effects, effects on vehicle markets, and the distribution of costs for regulations. These regulations include those concerning new gasoline-powered vehicles only, others affecting both new and existing gasoline-powered vehicles, and also the extremely controversial zero-emission vehicle mandate. The study considers policy choice in the face of extreme uncertainty about the effects of several policy elements, particularly the scrappage program, enhanced vehicle inspection and maintenance, on-board emission diagnostic systems, and the zero-emission vehicle mandate. The zero-emission vehicle mandate poses major economic and environmental risks but there are also major risks to repealing the mandate altogether. The study concludes by suggesting principles for making zero-emission vehicle policy in the face a extreme uncertainty about the development of technology for battery-powered electric vehicles and the future effectiveness of policies to control emissions from gasoline vehicles.
Download or read book California s Ozone reduction Strategy for Light duty Vehicles written by Lloyd S. Dixon and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 1996 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sheds light on a strategy to reduce emissions from passenger cars and trucks.
Download or read book Cost effectiveness Guidance written by Catherine Witherspoon and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mobile Source Reduction Credits written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mobile Source Emission Reduction Credits written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book California Auto Emissions Standards for 1977 Model Year Motor Vehicles to be Sold and Registered in this State written by California. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Transportation and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Costs of Technology written by A. E. Blakemore and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Analysis of the Proposed 1994 State Implementation Plan Conducted Prior to Its Consideration by the California Air Resources Board written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ITF Round Tables The Cost and Effectiveness of Policies to Reduce Vehicle Emissions written by International Transport Forum and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-12-17 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Round Table investigates the effectiveness and costs of various mitigation options in road transport, and discusses the distribution of abatement efforts across sectors of the economy.
Download or read book Economic Perspectives on Revising California s Zero emission Vehicle Mandate written by Lloyd S. Dixon and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The California LEV Program and Ethanol in Illinois written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Staff Report 1994 Low emission Vehicle and Zero emission Vehicle Program Review written by California Environmental Protection Agency. Air Resources Board. Mobile Source Division and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuels Report written by California Energy Commission. Fossil Fuels Office and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
