Download or read book Cosmic Ray Trajectories in Local Magnetic Fields written by Michael J. Gouge and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several investigators have noticed sidereal and diurnal variations in the cosmic ray flux reaching the earth. The latter may be explained by periodic changes in the interplanetary magnetic field. The sidereal variations could possibly be produced by discrete galactic sources of cosmic ray particles. In order to investigate this effect the trajectories of 10 GEV particles arriving at the earth vertically at Annapolis, Maryland were numerically traced back through the terrestrial and interplanetary magnetic fields. It is found that the trajectory of an experimental maximum flux at 19 hours RA extrapolates backwards to the general direction of the galactic center for a variety of interplanetary sector magnetic field configurations. This indicates that discrete sources, most of which are located at the galactic center, could be responsible for the sidereal variations and the observed maximum flux at 19 hours RA. These results further suggest that the interplanetary magnetic field is not a randomizing field, as several previous investigators have indicated. (Author).
Download or read book A Study of Vertically Incident Cosmic ray Trajectories Using Sixth Degree Simulations of the Geomagnetic Field written by M. A. Shea and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets written by Lev Dorman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-20 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of cosmic ray (CR) geomagnetic effects came to the fore at the beg- ning of the 1930s after the famous expeditions by J. Clay onboard ship (Slamat) between the Netherlands and Java using an ionization chamber. Many CR la- tude expeditions were organized by the famous scientists and Nobel Laureates R. Millikan and A. Compton. From the obtained latitude curves it follows that CRs cannot be gamma rays (as many scientists thought at that time), but must be charged particles. From measurements of azimuthally geomagnetic effect at that time it also followed that these charged particles must be mostly positive (see Chapter 1, and for more details on the history of the problem see monographs of Irina Dorman, M1981, M1989). The ?rst explanations of obtained results were based on the simple dipole - proximation of the geomagnetic ?eld and the theory of energetic charged particles moving in dipole magnetic ?elds, developed in 1907 by C. Stormer ̈ to explain the aurora phenomenon. Let us note that it was made about 5 years before V. Hess discovered CRs, and received the Nobel Prize in 1936 together with K. Anderson (for the discovery of CR and positrons in CR).
Download or read book Cosmic Ray Trajectories in the Earth s Magnetic Field written by Charles Roland Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Chaos and Magnetic Fields in the Cosmic Ray Anisotropy written by Vanessa Maria López Barquero (Ph., D) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic rays are detected on Earth with an energy-dependent anisotropy in their arrival direction. Recent experimental results of this arrival distribution of high-energy cosmic rays (CRs) have motivated studies aimed at improving our understanding of the cosmic ray transport and their propagating media. This arrival distribution involves a convolution of the distribution of sources and the effects of the magnetic field properties through which particles propagate. Nonetheless, no comprehensive explanation has been put forth to date. Understanding what causes this cosmic-ray anisotropy and how we can use it to learn about the characteristics of the media they traverse are the central questions of this thesis. More specifically, this dissertation will explore the effects of magnetic fields and various magnetic structures on the anisotropy of arriving CRs from TeV to PeV scales. These contributions can impact the largest angular scale to the medium- and small-scale angular structures. This investigation centers around the effects of three physical processes: one on the chaotic behavior in coherent magnetic structures, another one on magnetic turbulence, and a third on heliospheric effects First, we detail the effects of chaos and trapping in coherent structures on the CR propagation. We apply a new method to characterize chaotic trajectories in bound systems. This method is based on the Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE), which determines the degree of chaos in the particles' trajectories. Furthermore, we model a coherent magnetic structure with time-perturbations that can be used to describe distinct magnetic systems and processes. Our results show that the FTLE, i.e., the level of chaos, is related to the CRs escape time from the system by a power-law relation. Additionally, this power law persists even if perturbations act on the system, pointing to the idea that this specific power law could be an essential parameter of the system. We also find that CRs can be divided into different categories according to their chaotic behavior. Moreover, these categories are distributed in specific regions in the arrival distribution maps. This means that various regions on the map could develop differently from one to another in time. Therefore, this result can provide the basis for time-variability in the CR arrival direction maps. We also discuss how turbulence in the interstellar medium can modify CR trajectories. To investigate this idea, we perform numerical integration of particle trajectories in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence to study how the CRs arrival direction distribution is perturbed when streamed along the local turbulent magnetic field. We found that this inhomogeneous and turbulent interstellar magnetic field can imprint its structure on the CR maps. Another aspect explored is the heliospheric influence on particles with rigidities in the range of 1-10 TV. We test if anisotropies may arise from the interaction with the heliosphere. We employed a magnetic field model of the heliosphere for this goal and performed forward-propagating numerical calculations of particle trajectories. Our results show that the heliosphere can strongly redistribute the particles' directions, making it an indispensable component for the anisotropy. Finally, through these magnetic structures and mechanisms, we can learn about how CRs propagate and their arrival distribution. However, these particles can also act as probes for the properties of the different media they traverse and their places of origin. Therefore, the study of cosmic rays opens multiple doors for a better understanding of the universe.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1972-06 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of a Ring Current on Cosmic Radiation written by Ernest C. Ray and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The ubiquitous mechanism accelerating cosmic rays at all the energies written by Antonio Codino and published by Società Editrice Esculapio. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanism accelerating Cosmic rays in the milky way galaxy and galaxy clusters is identified and described. The acceleration of Cosmic rays is a purely electrostatic process which operate up to the maximum energies of 1023 ev in galaxy clusters. Galactic Cosmic rays are accelerated in a pervasive electrostatic field active in the whole galaxy except in restricted regions shielded by Interstellar and stellar plasma as, for instance, the region occupied by the Solar system. It is proved that the Energy spectrum of the Cosmic radiation in the milky way galaxy, in the region where the Solar system resides, has a constant Spectral index comprised between 2.64-2.68 and the maximum energies of galactic protons are 3.0 × 1019 ev. The agreement of these results with the experimental data is discussed in detail and highlighted. The various physical processes that maintain the stability of the electrostatic structure in the milky way galaxy are the same that generate the galactic magnetic field. Accordingly, the intensity, orientation and direction of the galactic magnetic field are evaluated. The results of the calculation are compared with the observation data, optical and mostly radio astronomi data. The accord of the intensity, orientation and direction of the observed magnetic field with calculation is excellent.
Download or read book Cosmic Rays and Earth written by J.W. Bieber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 1998 marked the 50th anniversary of the invention of the neutron monitor, a key research tool in the field of space physics and solar-terrestrial relations. In honor of this occasion a workshop entitled 'Cosmic Rays and Earth' was organized to review the detection of cosmic rays at the surface and in the lower atmosphere of Earth, including the effect that this radiation has on the terrestrial environment. A special focus was the role of neutron monitors in the investigation of this radiation, on the science enabled by the unique dataset of the worldwide network of neutron monitors, and on continuing opportunities to use these data to solve outstanding problems. This book is the principal product of that workshop, integrating the contribu tions of all participants. Following a general summary of the workshop prepared by the editors, the volume leads off with a keynote article by Professor John Simpson describing his invention of the neutron monitor in 1948 and the early scientific discoveries made with this instrument.
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in Interplanetary Magnetic Fields written by I.N. Toptygin and published by Springer. This book was released on 1985-12-31 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast particles of natural or1g1n (cosmic rays) have been used for a long time as an important source of astrophysical and geophysical information. A study of cosmic ray spectra, time variations, abundances, gradients, and anisotropy provides a wealth of data on physical conditions in the regions of cosmic ray generation as well as in the media through which cosmic rays propagate. Astrophysical aspects of cosmic ray physics have been considered in a number of monograpqs. The most detailed seems to be "The Origin of Cosmic Rays" by V. L. Ginzburg and S. 1. Syrovatskij (1964) which is, however, concerned mainly with galactic cosmic rays. The physics of the circumsolar space is discussed in this book only rather briefly. Several other monographs have been devoted mostly to the physics of the interplanetary medium and cosmic rays in interplanetary space. These include the books by Dorman (1963, 1975a, b), Parker (1963), Dorman and Miroshnichenko (1968). The present monograph differs from the above mentioned books in two main aspects: (i) It presents a unified theoretical approach to analys{ng the properties of fast particles in interplanetary space, based upon consideration of cosmic rays as a highly energetic component of the interplane~ary plasma, which makes use of the plasma physics methods to describe the behaviour of cosmic rays.
Download or read book Effects of Asymmetric Magnetospheric Currents on Cosmic Radiation written by Erwin O. Flückiger and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up to now, most studies were carried out assuming azimuthally symmetric currents, neglecting the well established longitudinal asymmetry in the geomagnetic disturbance at low- and mid-latitudes during magnetic storms. The asymmetric perturbations superposed upon a symmetric field depression has been attributed by several authors to a a longitudinally limited, partial ring current with field aligned closure through the auroral ionosphere (Cummings; Fukushima and Kamide; and references therein). It has been the objective of the research covered by this report to study the effects of such magnetospheric current systems on the propagation of cosmic ray particles through the domain of the earth's magnetosphere. The corresponding results were expected to demonstrate the significance of cosmic ray measurements as an additional tool for magnetospheric studies, especially in modeling the disturbed magnetic field in the magnetosphere. In this report, first the approach to the problem is reviewed in Section 2, and examples of the basic tools needed in the procedure are illustrated in Section 3. Then, in Section 4, the results of a simple study correlating local perturbations in the geomagnetic field with cosmic ray cutoff rigidity variations are discussed. Section 5 contains a summary of a detailed quantitative analysis on the effects of a partial ring current and of field-aligned currents on both cutoff rigidities and asymptotic directions in different latitude regions. In conclusions, the significance of the results obtained in the entire study is discussed in Section 6 for both magnetospheric and cosmic ray research.
Download or read book Magnetic Fields in Diffuse Media written by Alexander Lazarian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the current knowledge of magnetic fields in diffuse astrophysical media. Starting with an overview of 21st century instrumentation to observe astrophysical magnetic fields, the chapters cover observational techniques, origin of magnetic fields, magnetic turbulence, basic processes in magnetized fluids, the role of magnetic fields for cosmic rays, in the interstellar medium and for star formation. Written by a group of leading experts the book represents an excellent overview of the field. Nonspecialists will find sufficient background to enter the field and be able to appreciate the state of the art.
Download or read book Cosmic Rays in Magnetospheres of the Earth and other Planets written by Lev Dorman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-01-28 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of cosmic ray (CR) geomagnetic effects came to the fore at the beg- ning of the 1930s after the famous expeditions by J. Clay onboard ship (Slamat) between the Netherlands and Java using an ionization chamber. Many CR la- tude expeditions were organized by the famous scientists and Nobel Laureates R. Millikan and A. Compton. From the obtained latitude curves it follows that CRs cannot be gamma rays (as many scientists thought at that time), but must be charged particles. From measurements of azimuthally geomagnetic effect at that time it also followed that these charged particles must be mostly positive (see Chapter 1, and for more details on the history of the problem see monographs of Irina Dorman, M1981, M1989). The ?rst explanations of obtained results were based on the simple dipole - proximation of the geomagnetic ?eld and the theory of energetic charged particles moving in dipole magnetic ?elds, developed in 1907 by C. Stormer ̈ to explain the aurora phenomenon. Let us note that it was made about 5 years before V. Hess discovered CRs, and received the Nobel Prize in 1936 together with K. Anderson (for the discovery of CR and positrons in CR).
Download or read book Literature 1973 Part 1 written by Siegfried Böhme and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969, is de voted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. It is prepared under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (according to a resolution adopted at the 14th General Assembly in 1970). Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive documentation of literature in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Every effort will be made to ensure that the average time interval between the date of receipt of the original literature and publication of the abstracts will not exceed eight months. This time interval is near to that achieved by monthly abstracting journals, com pared to which our system of accumulating abstracts for about six months offers the advantage of greater convenience for the user. Volume 9 contains literature published in 1973 and received before August 15, 1973; some older liter ature which was received late and which is not recorded in earlier volumes is also included. We acknowledge with thanks contributions to this volume by Dr. J. Bouska, who surveyed journals and publications in the Czech language and supplied us with abstracts in English, and by the Common wealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (C.S.I.R.O.), Sydney, for providing titles and abstracts of papers on radio astronomy.
Download or read book Astrophysical Aspects Of The Most Energetic Cosmic Rays Proceedings Of The Icrr International Symposium written by M Nagano and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1991-07-23 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings present new results obtained from recent observations by the Haverah Park, Yakutsk, Fly's Eye and Akeno groups on the shape of the energy spectrum, the arrival direction (point source) and the nature of the most energetic cosmic rays. They also contain an in-depth discussion of the present status of observations on discrete sources at TeV and PeV energies. A detailed discussion of the physics problems related to the origin, acceleration mechanism and propagation of the most energetic cosmic rays in the galactic and extragalactic space is given in relation to observable features.
Download or read book Report UAG written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
