Download or read book Corrosion of Research Reactor Aluminium Clad Spent Fuel in Water written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes research performed in ten laboratories within the framework of the IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project on Corrosion of Research Reactor Aluminium Clad Spent Fuel in Water. The project consisted of exposure of standard racks of corrosion coupons in the spent fuel pools of the participating research reactor laboratories and evaluation of the coupons after predetermined exposure times, along with periodic monitoring of the storage water. A group of experts in the field contributed a state of the art review and provided technical supervision of the project. Localized corrosion mechanisms are notoriously difficult to understand, and it was clear from the outset that obtaining consistency in the results and their interpretation from laboratory to laboratory would depend on the development of an excellent set of experimental protocols. These experimental protocols are described in the report, together with guidelines for the maintenance of optimum water chemistry to minimize the corrosion of aluminium clad research reactor fuel in wet storage.
Download or read book Corrosion of Research Reactor Aluminium Clad Spent Fuel in Water written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Criteria for Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Clad Spent Nuclear Fuel in Interim Wet Storage written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Storage of aluminum-clad spent nuclear fuel at the Savannah River Site (SRS) and other locations in the U.S. and around the world has been a concern over the past decade because of the long time interim storage requirements in water. Pitting corrosion of production aluminum-clad fuel in the early 1990''s at SRS was attributed to less than optimum quality water and corrective action taken has resulted in no new pitting since 1994. The knowledge gained from the corrosion surveillance testing and other investigations at SRS over the past 8 years has provided an insight into factors affecting the corrosion of aluminum in relatively high purity water. This paper reviews some of the early corrosion issues related to aluminum-clad spent fuel at SRS, including fundamentals for corrosion of aluminum alloys. It updates and summarizes the corrosion surveillance activities supporting the future storage of over 15,000 research reactor fuel assemblies from countries over the world during the next 15-20 years. Criteria are presented for providing corrosion protection for aluminum-clad spent fuel in interim storage during the next few decades while plans are developed for a more permanent disposition.
Download or read book Good Practices for Water Quality Management in Research Reactors and Spent Fuel Storage Facilities written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excellent water quality in research reactors and spent fuel wet storage facilities is essential to prevent degradation of research reactor components and aluminium clad fuel elements, and to achieve optimum storage performance. A lot of information is available in the open literature on this subject, but no comprehensive document addressing the rationale of water quality management in research reactors has been published so far. This publication is intended to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive catalogue of good practices for management of water quality. It is intended to assist research reactor managers and operators in implementing water quality programmes in their facilities. Once implemented, such programmes will help to improve the performance of the reactor, provide natural life extension and minimize corrosion in both research reactor internals and spent fuel cladding in wet storage facilities, thus maintaining its integrity and safety until the spent fuel can be moved to a dry storage facility, is submitted for final disposal or reprocessing.
Download or read book Corrosion Surveillance for Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel in Wet Basin Storage written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign and domestic test and research reactor fuel is currently being shipped from locations over the world for storage in water filled basins at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The fuel was provided to many of the foreign countries as a part of the "Atoms for Peace" program in the early 1950's. In support of the wet storage of this fuel at the research reactor sites and at SRS, corrosion surveillance programs have been initiated. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) established a Coordinated Research Program (CRP) in 1996 on "Corrosion of Research Reactor Aluminum-Clad Spent Fuel in Water" and scientists from ten countries worldwide were invited to participate. This paper presents a detailed discussion of the IAEA sponsored CRP and provides the updated results from corrosion surveillance activities at SRS. In May 1998, a number of news articles around the world reported stories that microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) was active on the aluminum-clad spent fuel stored in the RBOF basin at SRS. This assessment was found to be in error with details presented in this paper. A biofilm was found on aluminum coupons, but resulted in no corrosion. Cracks seen on the surface were not caused by corrosion, but by stresses from the volume expansion of the oxide formed during pre-conditioning autoclaving. There has been no pitting caused by MIC or any other corrosion mechanism seen in the RBOF basin since initiation of the SRS Corrosion Surveillance Program in 1993.
Download or read book Good Practices for Water Quality Management in Research Reactors and Spent Fuel Storage Facilities written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excellent water quality in research reactors and spent fuel wet storage facilities is essential to prevent degradation of research reactor components and aluminium clad fuel elements, and to achieve optimum storage performance. A lot of information is available in the open literature on this subject, but no comprehensive document addressing the rationale of water quality management in research reactors has been published so far. This publication is intended to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive catalogue of good practices for management of water quality. It is intended to assist research reactor managers and operators in implementing water quality programmes in their facilities. Once implemented, such programmes will help to improve the performance of the reactor, provide natural life extension and minimize corrosion in both research reactor internals and spent fuel cladding in wet storage facilities, thus maintaining its integrity and safety until the spent fuel can be moved to a dry storage facility, is submitted for final disposal or reprocessing.
Download or read book Research Reactor Spent Fuel Management Options and Support to Decision Making written by IAEA and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication, resulting from an IAEA coordinated research project (CRP), provides information about available strategies for research reactor spent fuel management, and presents a decision methodology to assist those selecting among several options, to identify the preferred approach for their specific situation. The decision support tools were developed to consider not only the cost of the possible research reactor spent fuel management strategies, but also the non-economic factors that might influence their selection. Examples of the technologies that are currently used by some IAEA Member States are provided. Additionally, this publication provides information about the Excel based decision-support tools developed as part of this CRP, along with case studies and tutorials to assist users.
Download or read book Practices for Interim Storage of Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel written by IAEA and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2022-09-28 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides an introduction to the management of research reactor spent nuclear fuel (RRSNF). Five key areas are discussed: types of RRSNF, characterization data, wet storage considerations, dry storage considerations, and lessons learned and current practices. Information on internationally accepted standards as well as information on aspects such as drying treatment and surveillance programmes are presented, as well as suggestions for further optimization of effective and safe storage of RRSNF through the application of new approaches. The intended users of this publication include industry professionals at operating research reactors and at RRSNF storage facilities who need to identify the most suitable approach for interim storage of spent fuel.
Download or read book Safety Related Issues of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Public Diplomacy Division and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-09 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains papers from a NATO-sponsored workshop in Almaty in September 2005, which discussed safety-related issues of storing spent nuclear fuel. Fifteen papers cover aluminum-clad fuel discharged from research reactors worldwide, while five papers examine stainless steel-clad fuel from fast reactors, and two Zircaloy-clad fuel from commercial light-water reactors.
Download or read book The Corrosion of Aluminum clad Spent Nuclear Fuel in Wet Basin Storage written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large quantities of Defense related spent nuclear fuels are being stored in water basins around the United States. Under the non-proliferation policy, there has been no processing since the late 1980's and these fuels are caught in the pipeline awaiting stabilization or other disposition. At the Savannah River Site, over 200 metric tons of aluminum clad fuel are being stored in four water filled basins. Some of this fuel has experienced visible pitting corrosion. An intensive effort is underway at SRS to understand the corrosion problems and to improve the basin storage conditions for extended storage requirements. Significant improvements have been accomplished during 1993-1996. This paper presents a discussion of the fundamentals of aluminum alloy corrosion as it pertains to the wet storage of spent nuclear fuel. It examines the effects of variables on corrosion in the storage environment and presents the results of corrosion surveillance testing activities at SRS, as well as discussions of fuel storage basins at other production sites of the Department of Energy.
Download or read book Research Reactor Aluminum Spent Fuel written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-06-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is preparing an environmental impact statement (EIS) for management of aluminum spent fuel from foreign and domestic research reactors, much of which is highly enriched in uranium-235. This EIS will assess the need for additional treatment and storage facilities at the Savannah River Site to accommodate the receipt of this fuel, and it also will assess and select a treatment technology to prepare this fuel for interim storage and eventual shipment to a repository for disposal. This National Research Council book, which was prepared at the request of DOE's Savannah River Office, provides a technical assessment of the technologies, costs, and schedules developed by DOE for eight alternative treatment options and the baseline reprocessing option. It also provides comments on DOE's aluminum spent fuel disposal program, a program that is slated to last for about 40 years and cost in excess of $2 billion.
Download or read book Corrosion of Metals in Deionized Water at 38 C 100 F written by Barbara Alice Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion of Aluminum Clad Spent Nuclear Fuel in the 70 Ton Cask During Transfer from L Area to H Canyon written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aluminum-clad spent nuclear fuel will be transported for processing in the 70-ton nuclear fuel element cask from L Basin to H-canyon. During transport these fuels would be expected to experience high temperature aqueous corrosion from the residual L Basin water that will be present in the cask. Cladding corrosion losses during transport were calculated for material test reactor (MTR) and high flux isotope reactors (HFIR) fuels using literature and site information on aqueous corrosion at a range of time/temperature conditions. Calculations of the cladding corrosion loss were based on Arrhenius relationships developed for aluminum alloys typical of cladding material with the primary assumption that an adherent passive film does not form to retard the initial corrosion rate. For MTR fuels a cladding thickness loss of 33 % was found after 1 year in the cask with a maximum temperature of 260 °C. HFIR fuels showed a thickness loss of only 6% after 1 year at a maximum temperature of 180 °C. These losses are not expected to impact the overall confinement function of the aluminum cladding.
Download or read book Corrosion Surveillance of Aluminum Alloys In a Spent Fuel Storage Basinfinal written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spent nuclear fuels from foreign and domestic research and test reactors are being returned to the Savannah River Site for storage with other nuclear materials in the L-Basin. Recent efforts have consolidated the fuel storage systems and L-Basin has become the SRS site for wet storage of spent nuclear fuels. Corrosion surveillance of coupons in this basin is being performed to provide assurance of safe storage of spent fuel. This paper describes the highlights of recent studies on these aluminum coupons after immersion for more than 7 years in L-Basin. Selected coupons were metallurgically characterized to establish the existence of general corrosion and pitting. Minor pitting corrosion was observed on the intentionally galvanically coupled samples and creviced coupons, thus demonstrating that localized concentration cells were formed during the exposure period. In these cases, the susceptibility to pitting was not attributed to aggressive basin water chemistry but to localized conditions--crevices and galvanic coupling--that allowed the development of oxygen and/or metal ion concentration cells that produced locally aggressive waters. General corrosion was also observed on some of the coupons. None of the coupons were pre-oxidized to form a protective oxide as compared to the spent fuel which was oxidized during reactor operations. This enables the coupons to react to basin water chemistry in a relatively short period of time whereas spent fuel is protected against such reactions. The coupon observations demonstrate that, even when the basin water chemistry is rigorously controlled, localized aggressive conditions can develop, emphasizing the importance of a routine surveillance program.
Download or read book Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications written by Robert Odette and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-performance alloys that can withstand operation in hazardous nuclear environments are critical to presentday in-service reactor support and maintenance and are foundational for reactor concepts of the future. With commercial nuclear energy vendors and operators facing the retirement of staff during the coming decades, much of the scholarly knowledge of nuclear materials pursuant to appropriate, impactful, and safe usage is at risk. Led by the multi-award winning editorial team of G. Robert Odette (UCSB) and Steven J. Zinkle (UTK/ORNL) and with contributions from leaders of each alloy discipline, Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications aids the next generation of researchers and industry staff developing and maintaining steels, nickel-base alloys, zirconium alloys, and other structural alloys in nuclear energy applications. This authoritative reference is a critical acquisition for institutions and individuals seeking state-of-the-art knowledge aided by the editors’ unique personal insight from decades of frontline research, engineering and management. Focuses on in-service irradiation, thermal, mechanical, and chemical performance capabilities. Covers the use of steels and other structural alloys in current fission technology, leading edge Generation-IV fission reactors, and future fusion power reactors. Provides a critical and comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art experimental knowledge base of reactor materials, for applications ranging from engineering safety and lifetime assessments to supporting the development of advanced computational models.
Download or read book Effect of Heat Flux on the Corrosion of Aluminum by Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extended Wet Storage for Research and Test Reactor Spent Fuel for 2006 and Beyond written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and test reactors around the world are currently returning spent fuel originally enriched in the United States back to the U.S. In May 2006, operators of the reactors will cease to be eligible to return their spent fuel and will have to find national or regional solutions for continued storage, if they want to continue operations of their research reactors. The Savannah River Site (SRS) has looked at a number of options like dry storage, melt-dilute, or continued wet storage for fuel currently stored at SRS. This paper reviews the highlights of the wet basin studies conducted at SRS since 1992. Based on an understanding of the important factors affecting the corrosion of aluminum-clad spent fuel, criteria are presented for the corrosion protection of this fuel in extended water storage. With optimum water quality, aluminum-clad spent fuel can be stored safely and with minimum corrosion for times exceeding 25 years.
