Download or read book Corrosion of Archaeological and Heritage Artefacts EFC 45 written by Philippe Dillmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-02 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This special issue of Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology is dedicated to the study of corrosion of objects from historical sites. The issue contains contributions from the 2009 EUROCORR session on Corrosion of Archaeological and Heritage Artefacts organised by the European Federation of Corrosion's working party and commissioned articles on other key issues. The objective is to give the reader a broad understanding of corrosion of ancient materials, for the most part metal but also glass. Articles shed light on a range of analytical approaches related to the study of the complex systems that make up historical artifacts. In order to arrive at an understanding of the nanometric organisation of rust layers and interphases, such studies must be approached on a macroscopic scale. Techniques used include; macrophotography, synchrotron radiation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that ensure results that are both exhaustive and representative of particular observations. This issue demonstrates the wealth of approaches possible in the study of the corrosion of ancient materials."

Download or read book Corrosion of Metallic Heritage Artefacts written by P Dillmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding long term corrosion processes is critical in many areas, including archaeology and conservation. This important book reviews key themes such as the processes underlying corrosion over long periods, how corrosion rates can be measured and materials conserved.After an overview of the study and conservation of metal archaeological artefacts, a group of chapters reviews long term corrosion in metals such as steel, iron and bronze. Other chapters review the impact of environmental factors on corrosion rates. The book also considers instrumental techniques for measuring corrosion such as electrochemistry and scanning electron microscopy, as well as ways of modelling corrosion processes. There is also coverage of the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors.With its distinguished editors and contributors, Corrosion of metallic heritage artefacts improves our understanding of long term corrosion and its effects. It provides a valuable reference for those involved in archaeology and conservation, as well as those dealing with the long term storage of nuclear and other waste. Reviews long term corrosion in metals such as steel, iron and bronze Considers instumental techniques such as electrochemistry for measuring corrosion

Download or read book Corrosion and Conservation of Cultural Heritage Metallic Artefacts written by P Dillmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conservation of metallic archaeological and historic artefacts is a major challenge whether they are ancient bronzes or relics of our more recent industrial past. Based on the work of Working Party 21 Corrosion of Archaeological and Historical Artefacts within the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC), this important book summarises key recent research on analytical techniques, understanding corrosion processes and preventing the corrosion of cultural heritage metallic artefacts.After an introductory part on some of the key issues in this area, part two reviews the range of analytical techniques for measuring and analysing corrosion processes, including time resolved spectroelectrochemistry, voltammetry and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Part three reviews different types of corrosion processes for a range of artefacts, whilst part four discusses on-site monitoring techniques. The final part of the book summaries a range of conservation techniques and strategies to conserve cultural heritage metallic artefacts.Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts is an important reference for all those involved in archaeology and conservation, including governments, museums as well as those undertaking research in archaeology and corrosion science. Summarises key research on analytical techniques for measuring and analysing corrosion processes Provides detailed understanding of corrosion processes and corrosion prevention Discusses on-site monitoring techniques

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by D. Neff and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter introduces the techniques used when investigating corrosion layers formed on cultural heritage artefacts. Various multiscale analysis methods, from macroscopic to nanoscopic scales, are presented. Information on the morphology, the elementary composition and the crystalline structure that each method allows for determining the constituents of the corrosion layers is examined, as well as their limits in terms of set-up, spatial and detection resolution. This chapter discusses the characteristics of the scientific tools that can be used to understand corrosion phenomena, by taking into account the major parameters responsible for alteration mechanisms.

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by N.G. González and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter reviews and summarises the results of experiments using a new technique known as ‘subcritical’ for the stabilisation of archaeological iron. Five case studies are presented that illustrate the capacity of this technique to rapidly remove entrapped chloride ions from unstable metal with minimal observable changes to the objects’ integrity. This overview focuses on the effectiveness of this treatment from a conservation and preservation perspective. The benefits and current limitations of the technique are identified, as well as important areas where there is a need for further research.

Download or read book Corrosion of Archaeological and Heritage Artefacts written by Philippe Dillmann and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by P. Dillmann and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by D. Watkinson and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current research into the removal of soluble chloride corrosion drivers from archaeological iron by deoxygenated aqueous alkaline treatments is described and assessed, along with suggestions for future work. The problems of how to determine treatment success are discussed, along with the impact of treatment unknowns, such as chloride form and location within iron objects, on the assessment techniques. Post-treatment residual chloride is shown to be the best measure of treatment effectiveness and methods for assessing this are described. A real-time study of oxygenated and deoxygenated treatment mechanisms and corrosion product transformations using micro X-ray diffraction is reported.

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by M. Saheb and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the long-term corrosion mechanisms of iron in an anoxic environment is essential in the field of the preservation of archaeological heritage artefacts and nuclear waste management. Corrosion mechanisms have been assessed by examining nails 400 years old from the archaeological site of Glinet. This chapter provides an overview of the characterisation of the entire corrosion system environment/samples through coupled multiscale analytical tools. The environment is anoxic, calco-carbonated and water-saturated. Three corrosion patterns composed of ferrous carbonates (siderite and chukanovite) and magnetite have been identified. Depending on the connection between the phases and their location, the electronic properties of the corrosion layers have been established. The electrochemical behaviour of the corrosion system shows that water reduction at the metallic interface is negligible. Furthermore, the electron consumption sites are mainly localised on the external part and the precipitation sites on the internal part of the corrosion layer. The corrosion rate is estimated to be less than 2μm/year and a corrosion mechanism is proposed based on a decoupling of the anodic and cathodic sites and on the existence of a nanometric corrosion layer at the metallic interface.

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by P. Vassiliou and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of silver in ancient civilisations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Ionia, Greece, Rome and China is presented. Principles of silver corrosion in different environments containing humidity, oxygen, carbonates, sulphur, chlorides, peroxides, ozone and UV, and the morphology of the corrosion layers are described. Cleaning, anti-tarnishing and protection methods are explained. Inhibitor hexadecanethiol (HDT) and a composite coating of Paraloid B-72 containing 2% nano-alumina pigment are tested on silver specimens with tarnished and corroded surfaces and found to be protective when exposed in sulphides and chloride environments in the laboratory, satisfying aesthetic and reversibility criteria.

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by F. Zucchi and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter gives general information on the production of sol-gel coatings with alkoxysilanes. Some examples of their application on outdoor bronze artefacts are reported. The protective effects of 3-mercapto-trimethoxysilyl-propane (Prop-SH) hydroalcoholic solution on polished and patinated bronzes were studied. Electrochemical tests, performed in acidic artificial rain (AAR, pH 3.1) and in 5% NaCl solution for 168h, were checked in 45d AAR Salt Cabinet and in 30d ASTM B117 Test on bronze statues. The treatment with Prop-SH showed high efficiency towards the corrosion both in AAR and in 5% NaCl.

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by J. Monnier and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors consider the case of iron atmospheric corrosion to illustrate the possibility of developing a conservation diagnosis for a given material in a given environment. In the particular case of iron atmospheric corrosion, samples from the site of the Amiens Cathedral in the North of France have been characterised in order to identify the different phases constituting the corrosion product layers. The layers consist of a matrix of iron oxy-hydroxide goethite embedded with several ferrihydrite marblings. Other phases such as as lepidocrocite, maghemite and akaganeite are present in minor quantities. A degradation index is first defined from the phase proportions and from the intrinsic electrochemical properties of those phases. Further, the electrochemical reactivity of scratched rust powders has been studied to define a second degradation index. From these two degradation indices a first step towards a corrosion diagnosis method is proposed.

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by E. Angelini and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter deals with an overview of the application of plasma technologies, an innovative environmentally friendly class of processes for the surface modification of materials, for cleaning and protection of metallic artefacts. Examples of plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) of organosilicon precursors are described and appear particularly promising for the corrosion protection of the different metallic substrates such as iron-based alloys, copper and silver-based alloys of archaeological and historical-artistic interest.

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by H. Matthiesen and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxygen is a key factor in corrosion and decay of artefacts from our cultural heritage. The measurement of oxygen concentrations and quantification of oxygen consumption is therefore extremely useful in both corrosion and conservation science. This chapter focuses on two aspects of oxygen monitoring: first, measurement of oxygen consumption of cultural heritage artefacts to evaluate their corrosion rate and the efficiency of conservation treatments, and second, measurement of oxygen concentration in the burial environment to evaluate the preservation conditions and understand the formation of different corrosion products in situ. The chapter includes a short description of equipment for oxygen measurement, and gives some examples of its use for monitoring purposes.

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by J. Tidblad and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter focuses primarily on the common environmental aspects of atmospheric metal corrosion. The effects of climate and pollution on corrosion are reviewed across various timescales, from damage over millennia to the present situation, including short descriptions of the indoor environment and recent developments in international standardisation. The chapter concludes with two sections on future trends in air pollution and climate change.

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by E. Cano and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter reviews the applicability and specific uses of corrosion inhibitors in metal conservation practice. Corrosion inhibitors are one of the different methods used by conservation-restoration professionals to preserve metallic cultural heritage. In the first part, specific requirements and needs for corrosion inhibitors in conservation treatments are reviewed, as well as the different methods for the assessment of their efficiency. The second part of the chapter reviews the different inhibitors used by type of metals: copper and its alloys, iron and its alloys, and other metals (including silver, lead and zinc), from traditional ones to state-of-the-art treatments.

Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by A. Adriaens and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter discusses the evaluation of metal conservation treatments using a specialized electrochemical cell. The cell can be deployed in a synchrotron beam line to make in-situ, time-lapse measurements on heritage metal alloys undergoing processes based on electrochemical treatments/measurements. We focus on two specific projects: (1) the evaluation of currently used stabilization processes for cupreous objects recovered from marine environments, and (2) the development and testing of a coating to protect lead objects which is stable, reversible (i.e. easy to apply and to remove), protective against corrosion and aesthetically justified.