Download or read book Corrosion Characteristics Mechanisms and Control Methods of Candidate Alloys in Sub and Supercritical Water written by Donghai Xu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to provide comprehensive and systematic introduction and summary of corrosion characteristics, mechanisms, and control methods of candidate alloys in sub- and supercritical water environment. First of all, corrosion types of candidate alloys and the effects of major alloying elements on corrosion resistance of potential alloys in sub- and supercritical water are compared and analyzed. At the same time, research status of candidate materials, and development and application trends of several corrosion-resistant alloys are summarized. Then, corrosion characteristics of Ni-Cr, Ni-Cr-Mo, Ni-Fe-Cr and Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu corrosion-resistant alloys, FeCrAl alloy, and Zircaloy are discussed in detail, including the corrosion rate, the structure and composition of oxide film, and the effects of various surface treatment processes, etc. More specifically, it also investigates corrosion behavior of Ni-based alloy, Fe-Ni-based, and stainless steels in supercritical water. The effects of aggressive species on the corrosion behavior of Ni-base alloys are also explored in supercritical water. Readers will further discover the total corrosion processes and mechanisms of typical candidate alloys in sub- and supercritical water environment. Finally, the work explores the corrosion control methods such as ceramic coatings and passivation processes in supercritical water oxidation and in subcritical water, respectively. Future challenges and development trends of corrosion research of candidate materials in sub- and supercritical water environments are covered at the end of this book. It offers valuable reference for theoretically guiding material selection and design and operating parameter optimization of key equipment in the sub- and supercritical water technologies. The book is written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, scholars, and researchers who are interested in corrosion behavior of candidate materials of supercritical water oxidation system, supercritical water gasification system, and nuclear reactor.

Download or read book Corrosion and Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic Alloys in Supercritical Water written by Yashar Behnamian and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present research has been done with the intent of evaluating the corrosion resistance and cracking susceptibility of some commercial candidate alloys that can be potentially used in Gen-IV supercritical water reactor (SCWR). The mechanism of the crack initiation in austenitic alloys exposed to SCW is not entirely understood and experimental data for performance in long-term exposure and upside down situation are not available yet. Fundamentally, austenitic and nickel-base alloys have always attracted a significant attention in power generation industry. However, using these materials for such purposes is limited due to their susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). With this in mind, this study was focused on investigation of oxidation of several grades of austenitic stainless steels, and nickel-based alloy exposed to the supercritical water (SCW) at 800 °C for 12 h. Morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of oxide films formed on stainless steels (SS) 347H, 316L, and 310S, and alloys 625, 214, C2000, and 800H upon SCW exposure were studied using the weight measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that alloying elements can substantially influence the oxidation of austenitic alloys exposed to SCW at high temperature (800 °C) for around 12 h. Results confirmed the presence of a duplex oxide layer consisting of Fe-Cr and Cr-Ni spinel/Cr2O3 on the substrate surface. In addition, the corrosion behavior of SS 316L capsules was investigated after 20,000 h SCW exposure at the temperature of 500 °C. Specimens were analyzed by electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction technique. The film of the corrosion products was composed of an outer layer of magnetite and an inner layer of spinel structure. By increasing the exposure time, a rougher surface and thicker oxide film was approached, which were identified as Fe3O4 + spinel/Cr2O3/Ni-enrichment + SS 316L from the outer to the inner layer. Microcrack initiation was evident around the oxidized grain boundaries. The possible oxidation mechanism was studied and discussed as well. Furthermore, the oxidation behavior of capsules which were made of SS 310S was investigated after 20,000 h exposure to SCW at 500 °C. Later on, samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-rays, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray diffraction analysis. Results revealed that two distinct oxide layers including an outer layer of magnetite and an inner layer of spinel had been formed on the inner surface of the SS 310S capsules. Long exposure to SCW resulted in formation a rougher surface and thicker oxide scale, identified as Fe3O4 + spinel/Cr2O3/Ni-enrichment + SS 310S alloy from the outer to the inner layer. The most probable oxidation and microcrack susceptibility mechanism were proposed and discussed. By employing the complementary characterization techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, conventional selected area electron diffraction analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and advanced electron energy loss spectroscopy, it was recognized that the cracks tip were oxidized and had a three-layer morphology in which all the layers tapered toward the crack tip. In the complementary step, the impact of SCW exposure time on the corrosion behavior of 304-ODS (oxide dispersion strengthened) steel in SCW (at the temperature of 650 °C) was investigated. The exposed coupons were analyzed by scanning/transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The results demonstrated that the weight gain increased by escalating the SCW exposure time, following a parabolic behavior. An oxide scale was formed on 304-ODS alloy which was made of two distinct layers, including an outer layer of magnetite (Fe3O4) and an inner layer of FeCr2O4/(Fe,Cr)2O3. Additionally, the oxidation mechanism was discussed.

Download or read book Corrosion Behavior of Three High grade Alloys in Supercritical Water Oxidation Environments written by Christopher Frank Matthews and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors written by Pascal Yvon and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-27 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operating at a high level of fuel efficiency, safety, proliferation-resistance, sustainability and cost, generation IV nuclear reactors promise enhanced features to an energy resource which is already seen as an outstanding source of reliable base load power. The performance and reliability of materials when subjected to the higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive higher temperature environments that will be found in generation IV nuclear reactors are essential areas of study, as key considerations for the successful development of generation IV reactors are suitable structural materials for both in-core and out-of-core applications. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors explores the current state-of-the art in these areas. Part One reviews the materials, requirements and challenges in generation IV systems. Part Two presents the core materials with chapters on irradiation resistant austenitic steels, ODS/FM steels and refractory metals amongst others. Part Three looks at out-of-core materials. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors is an essential reference text for professional scientists, engineers and postgraduate researchers involved in the development of generation IV nuclear reactors. Introduces the higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive higher temperature environments that will be found in generation IV nuclear reactors and implications for structural materials Contains chapters on the key core and out-of-core materials, from steels to advanced micro-laminates Written by an expert in that particular area

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Supercritical Water Processing Technologies for Environment Energy and Nanomaterial Applications written by Shuzhong Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-18 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically presents the technical aspects of supercritical water oxidation and supercritical water gasification for energy and environmental applications, which include reactor design, construction materials, corrosion, salt precipitation, etc. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the properties of supercritical water, and the industrial applications, reaction mechanisms and reaction kinetics of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). The reactions occurring in supercritical water are complex, and studying their reaction mechanisms is of great importance for the development of supercritical water processing technologies. Accordingly, the book explains the oxidative mechanisms and kinetics of organic matter in supercritical water in detail. However, the harsh reaction conditions in supercritical water can easily create severe reactor corrosion and salt deposition problems. Therefore, the book also comprehensively reports on the mechanism analysis, state of research, and development trends regarding these two problems. Lastly, the book summarizes the development of supercritical water processing technologies, including studies on SCWO and SCWG, as well as near-zero-emission systems of pollutants based on SCWO technology. In short, the book provides a wealth of valuable information for all readers who are interested in using SCWO for organic waste treatment, and in using SCWG for hydrogen production with wet biomass.

Download or read book Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies written by Igor Pioro and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-05-20 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using SuperCritical Fluids (SCFs) in various processes is not new, because Mother Nature has been processing minerals in aqueous solutions at critical and supercritical pressures for billions of years. Somewhere in the 20th century, SCFs started to be used in various industries as working fluids, coolants, chemical agents, etc. Written by an international team of experts and complete with the latest research, development, and design, Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies is a unique technical book, completely dedicated to modern and advanced applications of supercritical fluids in various industries.Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies provides engineers and specialists in various industries dealing with SCFs as well as researchers, scientists, and students of the corresponding departments with a comprehensive overview of the current status, latest trends and developments of these technologies.Dr Igor Pioro is a professor at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada, and the Founding Editor of the ASME Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science.

Download or read book Materials Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of corrosion science and engineering is on the threshold of important advances. Advances in lifetime prediction and technological solutions, as enabled by the convergence of experimental and computational length and timescales and powerful new modeling techniques, are allowing the development of rigorous, mechanistically based models from observations and physical laws. Despite considerable progress in the integration of materials by design into engineering development of products, corrosion considerations are typically missing from such constructs. Similarly, condition monitoring and remaining life prediction (prognosis) do not at present incorporate corrosion factors. Great opportunities exist to use the framework of these materials design and engineering tools to stimulate corrosion research and development to achieve quantitative life prediction, to incorporate state-of-the-art sensing approaches into experimentation and materials architectures, and to introduce environmental degradation factors into these capabilities. Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering identifies grand challenges for the corrosion research community, highlights research opportunities in corrosion science and engineering, and posits a national strategy for corrosion research. It is a logical and necessary complement to the recently published book, Assessment of Corrosion Education, which emphasized that technical education must be supported by academic, industrial, and government research. Although the present report focuses on the government role, this emphasis does not diminish the role of industry or academia.

Download or read book Super Light Water Reactors and Super Fast Reactors written by Yoshiaki Oka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Super Light Water Reactors and Super Fast Reactors provides an overview of the design and analysis of nuclear power reactors. Readers will gain the understanding of the conceptual design elements and specific analysis methods of supercritical-pressure light water cooled reactors. Nuclear fuel, reactor core, plant control, plant stand-up and stability are among the topics discussed, in addition to safety system and safety analysis parameters. Providing the fundamentals of reactor design criteria and analysis, this volume is a useful reference to engineers, industry professionals, and graduate students involved with nuclear engineering and energy technology.

Download or read book Publications written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 1988 Catalog written by Rebecca J. Pardee and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Superalloys written by Roger C. Reed and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superalloys are unique high-temperature materials used in gas turbine engines, which display excellent resistance to mechanical and chemical degradation. This book introduces the metallurgical principles which have guided their development. Suitable for graduate students and researchers, it includes exercises and additional resources at www.cambridge.org/9780521859042.

Download or read book High Performance Light Water Reactor written by Thomas Schulenberg and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of the project "High Performance Light Water Reactor--Phase 2," carried out September 2006-February 2010 as part of the 6th European Framework Program.