Download or read book Correlates of Parasites and Pseudoparasites in Wolves Canis Lupus Across Continents A Comparison Among Yellowstone USA Abruzzo IT and Mercantour FR National Parks written by Barbara Molnar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little is known about the impact of infectious diseases on large carnivores. We investigated factors structuring the helminth and protozoan infections of wolves (Canis lupus) by using coprological analyses. Faecal samples (n=342) were analysed from 11 wolf packs belonging to three different geographical and ecological settings in Italy (Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise National Park, PNALM: 4 packs, 88 samples), in France (Mercantour National Park, PNM: 4 packs, 68 samples) and in the U.S.A. (Yellowstone National Park, YNP: 3 packs, 186 samples). Parasites were found in 29.4%?88.6% of the samples and parasite taxa ranged from four to ten in each study area. Taeniidae (Taenia/Echinococcus), Sarcocystis spp. and Toxascaris leonina were most common in faecal samples from YNP, whereas Capillaria spp., Taeniidae and Uncinaria stenocephala were predominant in PNALM. We used generalised linear mixed models to assess the relationship between parasite infection or the number of parasite taxa and selected ecological drivers across study areas. Significant effects illustrated the importance of the ecological factors such as occurrence of free-ranging dogs, diet composition and wolf density, as well as the ancestry of the wolf populations, in shaping parasite-wolf communities. Additional investigations are needed to elucidate the impact of parasitic infections on wolf populations, as well as the role of anthropogenic factors in facilitating parasitic diffusion to apex predators.
Download or read book Social Behaviour Stress and Parasites written by Barbara Molnar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disease Invasion in Yellowstone written by Ellen Brandell and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a tension between pathogen persistence and the potential for transmission among social, group-living hosts. Social species have high rates of contact within groups and lower contact rates among members of different groups; this poses a challenge for pathogen transmission such that a pathogen must survive within a group until an inter-group interaction occurs. In this dissertation, I explored the spatial and metapopulation dynamics of groups infected with pathogens spanning biological scales: within-groups, groups comprising a population, and across populations. Additionally, I examined the tritrophic interactions of predators, prey, and pathogens. The gray wolf (Canis lupus) and elk (Cervus canadensis) populations residing in Yellowstone National Park were the genesis of this research, yet I expanded beyond Yellowstone in order to comprehensively address the dissertation objectives. In particular, I focused on the invasion of canine distemper and the consequences of distemper outbreaks on host populations. The dynamics and consequences of pathogen infections in social groups are not fully understood. I first developed mathematical models that elucidate infection host demographics and infection dynamics at three nested scales: within groups, among groups, and all groups comprising a population (Chapter 2). Incorporating pathogens into the models reduced the size of the host population by reducing the number of social groups; average group size responded in more subtle ways (e.g., group size can increase when a reduction in the number of groups leads to decreases in rates of intraspecific aggression). I then assessed how viral epidemics influence the space use and spatial connectivity of territorial, social carnivores by comparing and contrasting Serengeti lions with Yellowstone wolves (Chapter 3). Generalized additive models identified significant predictors of group territory size and overlap and helped elucidate that lions constrict their territory size and reduce overlap with neighboring prides, following canine distemper epidemics. Together, these two chapters emphasize how social organization influences pathogen transmission, as well as how pathogen infection influences spatial organization. In Chapter 4, I broadened the scope of my work from Yellowstone National Park to the North American continent and identified the drivers and patterns of pathogen exposure in wolves. Even as one of the most widely distributed carnivores, little is known about the distribution of pathogens infecting wolves, pathogen prevalence, or temporal and spatial dynamics. I compiled a serological database of 17 wolf populations, and wolf samples were screened for six common pathogens: canine adenovirus, canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus, Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii. Using these data, I tested the hypothesis that there is a latitudinal gradient of pathogen exposure in North American wolves. I constructed and analyzed generalized linear mixed models and found that latitude was only a strong predictor of N. caninum exposure, and instead, probability of exposure varied predictably by region: Great Lakes populations had a higher risk of parasite infection, whereas Rocky Mountain populations had a higher risk of viral infection. Wolf age, wolf density, and human density were positive predictors of infection, the latter suggesting that synanthropic species or dogs may host pathogens affecting wildlife. This project demonstrates that individual host characteristics as well as inherent features of ecosystems determine pathogen infection risk. While Chapters 2-4 focused mainly on wolf hosts and the pathogens infecting wolves, Chapter 5 has a multi-species trophic approach where I assessed how predators may control a newly introduced pathogen in a prey population. Here I constructed a tritrophic model: predator-host-chronic wasting disease. The predator-prey systems modeled include cougar-deer and wolf-elk, mimicking predation dynamics in the Yellowstone Ecosystem. Importantly, I found that predators were able to reduce chronic wasting disease (CWD) outbreak size appreciably, and in certain plausible circumstances, extirpate CWD. The ability of predators to remove infected adult prey was crucial in reducing CWD infections because adults are responsible for the vast majority of new CWD transmission events. My results highlight the need for integrating ecology into predator management. This dissertation advances our understanding of the relationship between social living and infectious disease transmission and subsequent consequences. These results and implications are both system-specific and applicable to many species and social organizations. Additionally, I concluded by identifying future areas of disease ecology research that would help untangle the complexities of social living, infectious disease transmission, biological scale, and trophic relationships.
Download or read book Parasite Invasion Following Host Reintroduction written by Emily Staggs Almberg and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife reintroductions select or treat individuals for good health with the expectation that these individuals will fare better than infected animals. However, these individuals, new to their environment, may also be particularly susceptible to circulating infections and this may result in high morbidity and mortality, potentially jeopardizing the goals of recovery. Here, using the reintroduction of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park as a case study, we address the question of how parasites invade a reintroduced population and consider the impact of these invasions on population performance. We find that several viral parasites rapidly invaded the population inside the park, likely via spillover from resident canid species, and we contrast these with the slower invasion of sarcoptic mange, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The spatio-temporal patterns of mange invasion were largely consistent with patterns of host connectivity and density, and we demonstrate that the area of highest resource quality, supporting the greatest density of wolves, is also the region that appears most susceptible to repeated disease invasion and parasite-induced declines. The success of wolf reintroduction appears not to have been jeopardized by infectious disease, but now shows signs of regulation or limitation modulated by parasites.
Download or read book Wolf Mountains written by Karen Ruth and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ecology of Stray Dogs written by Alan M. Beck and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study of dog ecology and behavior and of human ecology and behavior discusses the facets of the phenomenon of the urban free-roaming dog. It provides information for students who wish to embark on studies of wild canines.
Download or read book Parasites a Guide to Laboratory Procedures and Identification written by Lawrence R. Ash and published by American Society of Clinical Pathologists Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual has been developed to provide those who are involved in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases with a resource that encompasses the basic technology required for detection of parasites and identification of their diagnostic stages in feces, blood, other body fluids, and tissues. In addition to the technical procedures described, a summary of the morphologic charateristics that are used in the identification of protozoa and helminths is provided as well as line drawings, original color representations of the stages of the human malarial parasites, and photomicrographs of the diagnostic stages of many parasites.
Download or read book Veterinary Parasitology Reference Manual written by William J. Foreyt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Veterinary Parasitology Reference Manual, Fifth Edition is a practical, thorough, bench top reference for basic diagnostic veterinary parasitology. The manual provides pertinent information on parasite life cyles, importance, location in the host, zoonotic potential, current literature, diagnosis, and treatment. It also includes step-by-step instructions for the most common diagnostic procedures used in routine veterinary practice. Sections are organized by animal host species, including dogs; cats; cattle, sheep and goats; llamas; horses; pigs; birds; ratites (ostriches, emus, and cassowaries); and laboratory animals, as well as wildlife, reptiles, marine mammals, and humans. There is a section in which common artifacts found in fecal samples are presented, and the last section includes conversion tables and a list of abbreviations. Features of the Fifth edition include: * updated and enhanced references * information on new drugs * improved section on parasites of marine mammals * sections on parasites of laboratory animals and humans * over 500 photographs and figures Readers will find this to be an easily accessible and accurate resource for information about parasites in a variety of animals - wild, domestic, common and exotic.
Download or read book Disease Ecology written by Sharon K. Collinge and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary: The chapters in this book llustrate aspects of communityy ecology that influence pathogen transmission rates and disease dynamics in a wide variety of study systems.
Download or read book Dogs of the Gal pagos Islands written by Bruce David Barnett and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Behavioural Biology of Dogs written by Per Jensen and published by CABI. This book was released on 2007 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in different areas, this book presents an up-to-date account of the behavioral biology of dogs. Split in three parts, the book addresses the specific aspects of behavioral biology. The first part deals with the evolution and development of the dog, whereas the next part deals with basic aspects of dog behavior. The final part emphasizes on the behavioral problems, their prevention and cure.
Download or read book The Social Dog written by Juliane Kaminski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dogs have become the subject of increasing scientific study over the past two decades, chiefly due to their development of specialized social skills, seemingly a result of selection pressures during domestication to help them adapt to the human environment. The Social Dog: Behaviour and Cognition includes chapters from leading researchers in the fields of social cognition and behavior, vocalization, evolution, and more, focusing on topics including dog-dog and dog-human interaction, bonding with humans, social behavior and learning, and more. Dogs are being studied in comparative cognitive sciences as well as genetics, ethology, and many more areas. As the number of published studies increases, this book aims to give the reader an overview of the state of the art on dog research, with an emphasis on social behavior and socio-cognitive skills. It represents a valuable resource for students, veterinarians, dog specialists, or anyone who wants deeper knowledge of his or her canine companion. - Reviews the state of the art of research on dog social interactions and cognition - Includes topics on dog-dog as well as dog-human interactions - Features contributions from leading experts in the field, which examine current studies while highlighting the potential for future research
Download or read book Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals written by Kathryn Lord and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-22 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domestic dog has many phenotypic and behavioral forms. In this chapter we describe five different kinds of dogs and how each has been derived. We trace the background village dog adapting to the age of agriculture, with the coincident transformation of human behavior to permanent settlement. Over centuries, this village dog has changed, adapting to its different geographies and to local agricultural activities. In tandem, people began sorting through the village populations for dogs with appropriate behaviors, and these eventually became the founding stock for breeding programs. In recent centuries, samples of these working and hunting breeds have been collected by kennel clubs, and sexually isolated, becoming at best historic representations of the working or hunting breeds. More commonly they are used as pets, or household dogs, sometimes with sport competitions in the show or agility ringl
Download or read book Foodborne Parasites in the Food Supply Web written by Alvin A Gajadhar and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foodborne Parasites in the Food Supply Web: Occurrence and Control provides an overview of the occurrence, transmission, and control of parasites in the food chain, including an introduction to the topic from the perspectives of various issues surrounding foodborne parasites. The text then explores the different types of foodborne parasites, the dynamics of parasite transmission in different food sources, and the prevention and control of foodborne parasites in the food chain. Provides an overview of the occurrence, transmission, and control of parasites in the food chain Explores the different types of foodborne parasites and the dynamics of parasite transmission in different food sources Highlights prevention and control methods to ensure the safety of the food chain
Download or read book Dogs written by Darcy Morey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dogs provides a comprehensive account of the origins and development of the domestic dog over the past 15,000 years.
Download or read book The Ecology of Wildlife Diseases written by Peter Hudson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2002-01-03 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of epidemiology is an essential part of understanding how infectious diseases emerge, and how they affect humans, wildlife and wildlife conservation. The integration of modelling techniques with parasitology and population dynamics has been hugely significant for our understanding of disease dynamics. This book on wildlife epidemiology brings the subject right up to date, covering the most recent empirical and theoretical developments in the field.
