Download or read book Correlated Evolution of Teleost Fish Rhodopsin with Habitat written by Amir-Arsalan Sabouhanian and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical challenge in molecular evolutionary biology is to determine how changes in protein coding sequence correlate with ecology, physiology, or morphology. While statistical approaches aiming to investigate signatures of selection at the molecular level have been developed, methods designed to correlate these findings with macroscopic traits remain understudied. Here, I investigated amino acid replacements in the visual pigment rhodopsin (RH1) of teleost fishes that show significant association with shifts in habitat, using both existing phylogenetic comparative methods, as well as novel implementation of sequence simulations and ancestral reconstructions. Through an unbiased examination of amino acid sites in RH1, I found several substitutions that are known to affect spectral sensitivity or other properties of rhodopsin. Thirteen additional control genes showed markedly weaker associations between amino acid substitutions and habitat compared with teleost RH1. The framework established in this thesis can similarly be used to study other genes and macroscopic traits.
Download or read book The Evolution of Morphological Diversity in Teleost Fishes written by Sarah Friedman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhabiting nearly every aquatic habitat and with over 32,000 species, teleost fishes are a major evolutionary success story. From tuna to seahorses and frogfishes, their species richness and ecological diversity is matched by extraordinary morphological diversity. Our understanding of the factors that contribute to this diversity is largely based on taxonomically-focused studies that are assumed to scale up to patterns seen across fishes. While we have a rich body of knowledge of how fishes have adapted to specific lifestyles, we lack a thorough understanding of how these factors have influenced patterns of diversity. In this dissertation, I explore the constraints and drivers of morphological diversification. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, with insights from ecology, functional morphology, and biomechanics, I investigate how body size, habitat transitions, and ecosystem occupation have contributed to body shape diversity across teleost fishes. Together, my three chapters contribute new insights into the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms responsible for the evolution of morphological diversity in fishes. In my first chapter, I investigate the influence of size on body shape disparity across reef fishes. Body size is not only crucially important to organismal life but can generate widespread shape diversity through allometric growth. Using geometric morphometrics to capture body shape across nearly 800 species, I find that body size not only accounts for very little morphological variation across fishes, but the relationship between shape and size is highly variable across families. I also find that rate of morphological evolution is negatively correlated with body size, while morphological disparity increases with size. This study demonstrates that-in contrast to other vertebrate lineages-body size has not been a significant constraint on morphological diversification in spiny-rayed fishes. In my second chapter, I examine how habitat transitions influence morphological diversification. The invasion of new habitats has the potential to completely reshape adaptive landscapes, introducing novel ecologies and adaptive zones. Fishes have repeatedly transitioned along the benthic-pelagic axis, with varying degrees of association with the substrate. Generalizing on consistent morphological trends reported in the literature, my second chapter focuses on the effects of habitat on body shape diversification across 3,344 marine teleost fishes. I compare rates and patterns of evolution in eight linear measurements of body shape among fishes that live in pelagic, demersal, and benthic habitats. I find that benthic living both facilitates the evolution of novel body shapes, such as extremely wide-bodied or elongate forms, and increases the rate of body shape evolution. Surprisingly, while habitat use only slightly affects average fish body shape, phenotypic variance is reasonably high across all habitats, mirroring that of all fishes combined. Instead of habitat serving as a constraint to fish morphology, this study highlights a prime example of the potential for habitat colonization to generate widespread morphological innovation and diversification. My third chapter expands on the concepts from my second chapter, taking advantage of the entire 6,000 species morphological dataset to compare patterns and processes morphological diversification both within benthic, demersal, and pelagic habitats and across freshwater and marine ecosystems. Using a novel comparative approach, I contrast the primary axis of morphological diversification in each habitat with the axis defined by phylogenetic signal. By comparing angles between these axes, I find that fishes in corresponding habitats have more similar primary axes of morphological diversity than would be expected by chance, but that different historical processes underlie these parallel patterns in freshwater and marine environments. Combined, my last two chapters demonstrate how ecological opportunities at many scales can have broad consequences for the morphological diversification of teleost fishes.
Download or read book Behaviour of Teleost Fishes written by T.J. Pitcher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1992-12-31 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of an extremely important and well received book. The editor has brought together an international team of experts in the subject, producing a book which contains vital information on major aspects of this important subject. It should appear on the shelves of animal behaviourists, fish biologists and fisheries scientists.
Download or read book The Behaviour of Teleost Fishes written by Tony J. Pitcher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the behaviour of teleosts, a well-defined, highly successful, taxonomic group of vertebrate animals sharing a common body plan and forming the vast majority of living bony fishes. There are weH over 22000 living species of teleosts, including nearly all those of importance in com mercial fisheries and aquaculture. Teleosts are represented injust about every conceivable aquatic environment from temporary desert pools to the deep ocean, from soda lakes to sub-zero Antarctic waters. Behaviour is the primary interface between these effective survival machines and their environment: behavioural plasticity is one of the keys to their success. The study of animal behaviour has undergone revolutionary changes in the past decade under the dual impact of behavioural ecology and sociobiology. The modern body of theory provides quantitatively testable and experi mentaHy accessible hypotheses. Much current work in animal behaviour has concentrated on birds and mammals, animals with ostensibly more complex structure, physiology and behavioural capacity, but there is a growing body of information about the behaviour of fishes. There is now increasing awareness that the same ecological and evolutionary rules govern teleost fish, and that their behaviour is not just a simplified version of that seen in birds and mammals. The details of fish behaviour intimately reflect unique and efficient adaptations to their three-dimensional aquatic environment.
Download or read book The Diversity of Fishes written by Gene Helfman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-03 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of The Diversity of Fishes represents a major revision of the world’s most widely adopted ichthyology textbook. Expanded and updated, the second edition is illustrated throughout with striking color photographs depicting the spectacular evolutionary adaptations of the most ecologically and taxonomically diverse vertebrate group. The text incorporates the latest advances in the biology of fishes, covering taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, biogeography, ecology, and behavior. A new chapter on genetics and molecular ecology of fishes has been added, and conservation is emphasized throughout. Hundreds of new and redrawn illustrations augment readable text, and every chapter has been revised to reflect the discoveries and greater understanding achieved during the past decade. Written by a team of internationally-recognized authorities, the first edition of The Diversity of Fishes was received with enthusiasm and praise, and incorporated into ichthyology and fish biology classes around the globe, at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The second edition is a substantial update of an already classic reference and text. Companion resources site This book is accompanied by a resources site: www.wiley.com/go/helfman The site is being constantly updated by the author team and provides: · Related videos selected by the authors · Updates to the book since publication · Instructor resources · A chance to send in feedback
Download or read book Codon Evolution written by Gina M. Cannarozzi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-23 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second part of the book focuses on codon usage bias.
Download or read book The Rockfishes of the Northeast Pacific written by Milton S. Love and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A major landmark contribution to fisheries science and fish ecology. Rockfish populations are in a severe decline throughout the Northeastern Pacific, and the need for a deep understanding of their biology, ecology, and management has never been more critical. This book addresses all aspects of our current knowledge of this diverse and interesting group of groundfish species, and it is written clearly and with humor. An outstanding work!"--Larry G. Allen, California State University, Northridge "Quite simply the best account ever of the fascinating, diverse, and valuable rockfishes. If you are interested in the marine fishes of the Pacific Coast, you need this book."--Peter B. Moyle, author of Inland Fishes of California
Download or read book Essential Fish Biology written by Derek Burton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential Fish Biology provides an introductory overview of the functional biology of fish and how this may be affected by the widely contrasting habitat conditions within the aquatic environment. It describes the recent advances in comparative animal physiology which have greatly influenced our understanding of fish function as well as generating questions that have yet to be resolved. Fish taxa represent the largest number of vertebrates, with over 25,000 extant species. However, much of our knowledge, apart from taxonomy and habitat descriptions, has been based on relatively few of them , usually those which live in fresh water and/or are of commercial interest. Unfortunately there has also been a tendency to base our interpretation of fish physiology on that of mammalian systems, as well as to rely on a few type species of fish. This accessible textbook will redress the balance by using examples of fish from a wide range of species and habitats, emphasizing diversity as well as recognizing shared attributes with other vertebrates.
Download or read book Optical Oceanography written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Oceanography
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Zoology written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General and Comparative Physiology written by William Stewart Hoar and published by Englewood Cliffs, N.J : Prentice-Hall. This book was released on 1966 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developmental Biology of Teleost Fishes written by Yvette Kunz-Ramsay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the compiling of this book, the vast literature dealing with the descriptive morphology, histology and cytology of teleost development has been combed and integrated. The book is divided into 21 chapters, starting with the egg and embryonic development up to hatching. This is followed by a description of ectodermal, mesodermal and entodermal derivatives and the development of various organs. The subject index, species index and the abundant illustrations add extra value to this long awaited book. Developmental Biology of Teleost Fishes will be a valuable tool for scientists and students in the fields of biology, developmental biology, molecular biology and fish biology.
Download or read book Ophthalmic Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Visual System in Vertebrates written by F. Crescitelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vertebrate eye has been, and continues to be, an object of interest and of inquiry for biologists, physicists, chemists, psychologists, and others. Quite apart from its important role in the development of ophthalmology and related medical disciplines, the vertebrate eye is an exemplar of the ingenuity of living systems in adapting to the diverse and changing environments in which vertebrates have evolved. The wonder is not so much that the visual system, like other body systems, has been able to adapt in this way, but rather that these adaptations have taken such a variety of forms. In a previous volume in this series (VII/I) Eakin expressed admiration for the diversity of invertebrate photoreceptors. A comparable situation exists for the vertebrate eye as a whole and one object of this volume is to present to the reader the nature of this diversity. One result of this diversification of ocular structures and properties is that the experimental biologist has available a number of systems for study that are unique or especially favorable for the investigation of particular questions in visual science or neurobiology. This volume includes some examples of progress made by the use of such specially selected vertebrate systems. It is our hope that this comparative approach will continue to reveal new and useful preparations for the examination of important questions.
Download or read book Freshwater Fishes of North America written by Melvin L. Warren, Jr. and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: H. Wilson
Download or read book The Behavior Ecology and Evolution of Cichlid Fishes written by Maria E. Abate and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-19 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the most recent and most comprehensive consideration of the largest family of bony fishes, the Cichlidae. This book offers an integrated perspective of cichlid fishes ranging from conservation of threatened species to management of cichlids as invasive species themselves. Long-standing models of taxonomy and systematics are subjected to the most recent applications and interpretations of molecular evidence and multivariate analyses; and cichlid adaptive radiations at different scales are elucidated. The incredible diversity of endemic cichlid species in African lakes is revisited as possible examples of sympatric speciation and as serious cases for management in complex anthropogenic environments. Extreme hydrology and bathymetry as driver of micro-allopatric speciation is explored in the African riverine hotspot of diversity of the lower Congo River. Dramatic new molecular evidence draws attention to the complex taxonomy and systematics of Neotropical cichlids including the crater lakes of Central America. Molecular genetics, genomics, imaging tools and field study techniques assess the roles of natural, sexual and kin selection in shaping cichlid traits and beyond. The complex behavioral adaptations of cichlids are considered from a number of sub-disciplines including sensory biology, neurobiology, development, and evolutionary ecology. Most importantly, this volume puts forth a wealth of new interpretations, explanatory hypotheses and proposals for practical management and applications that will shape the future for these remarkable fishes in nature as well as their use as models for the study of biology.
Download or read book Journal of Comparative Physiology written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
