Download or read book Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy written by Frances M. Ross and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2.6.2 Electrodes for Electrochemistry
Download or read book Aberration Corrected Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy written by Rik Brydson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is concerned with the theory, background, and practical use of transmission electron microscopes with lens correctors that can correct the effects of spherical aberration. The book also covers a comparison with aberration correction in the TEM and applications of analytical aberration corrected STEM in materials science and biology. This book is essential for microscopists involved in nanoscale and materials microanalysis especially those using scanning transmission electron microscopy, and related analytical techniques such as electron diffraction x-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).
Download or read book Science of Microscopy written by P.W. Hawkes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-29 with total page 1336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully corrected second impression of the classic 2006 text on microscopy runs to more than 1,000 pages and covers up-to-the-minute developments in the field. The two-volume work brings together a slew of experts who present comprehensive reviews of all the latest instruments and new versions of the older ones, as well as their associated operational techniques. The chapters draw attention to their principal areas of application. A huge range of subjects are benefiting from these new tools, including semiconductor physics, medicine, molecular biology, the nanoworld in general, magnetism, and ferroelectricity. This fascinating book will be an indispensable guide for a wide range of scientists in university laboratories as well as engineers and scientists in industrial R&D departments.
Download or read book Transmission Electron Microscopy written by Ludwig Reimer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to outline the physics of image formation, electron specimen interactions and image interpretation in transmission electron mic roscopy. The book evolved from lectures delivered at the University of Munster and is a revised version of the first part of my earlier book Elek tronenmikroskopische Untersuchungs- und Priiparationsmethoden, omitting the part which describes specimen-preparation methods. In the introductory chapter, the different types of electron microscope are compared, the various electron-specimen interactions and their applications are summarized and the most important aspects of high-resolution, analytical and high-voltage electron microscopy are discussed. The optics of electron lenses is discussed in Chapter 2 in order to bring out electron-lens properties that are important for an understanding of the function of an electron microscope. In Chapter 3, the wave optics of elec trons and the phase shifts by electrostatic and magnetic fields are introduced; Fresnel electron diffraction is treated using Huygens' principle. The recogni tion that the Fraunhofer-diffraction pattern is the Fourier transform of the wave amplitude behind a specimen is important because the influence of the imaging process on the contrast transfer of spatial frequencies can be described by introducing phase shifts and envelopes in the Fourier plane. In Chapter 4, the elements of an electron-optical column are described: the electron gun, the condenser and the imaging system. A thorough understanding of electron-specimen interactions is essential to explain image contrast.
Download or read book Correction of Spherical Aberration written by Nicolaas Henricus Dekkers and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Correction of Spherical Aberration of Electron Lenses written by Johan Hendrik Marie Deltrap and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Correction of Spherical Aberration in a Proton Microprobe written by David Norman Jamieson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wavefront Optics for Vision Correction written by Guang-ming Dai and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses some of the issues in visual optics with a functional analysis of ocular aberrations, especially for the purpose of vision correction. The basis is the analytical representation of ocular aberrations with a set of orthonormal polynomials, such as Zernike polynomials or the Fourier series. Although the aim of this book is the application of wavefront optics to laser vision correction, most of the theories discussed are equally applicable to other methods of vision correction, such as contact lenses and intraocular lenses.
Download or read book Consistency of Spherical Aberration Correction with the Frequency SS Aspheric Soft Contact Lens written by Lisa Kedzuf and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PURPOSE: Doctors usually prescribe contact lenses to correct only sphere and cylinder, but the Frequency®55 Aspheric contact lens (Coopervision) offers spherical aberration correction as well. We tested consistency of its spherical aberration correction for lenses 1) from the same lot 2) across lots 3) for different powers and 4) on different corneal curvatures. METHODS: Twelve subjects were divided evenly into four groups (hyperopes, emmetropes, low myopes and high myopes) and each right eye was fitted with a Frequency®55 Aspheric contact lens. RESULTS: Out of the twelve subjects, ten were found to have statistically (p ~ 0.05) different amounts of mean spherical aberration correction among the three lenses with in the same lot. Only three of the twelve showed standard deviations greater than instrument noise (0.05 urn), When comparing lens across lots, nine of twelve were found to have statistically (p ~ 0.05) different amounts of mean spherical aberration correction. Also, five of twelve showed standard deviations greater than instrument noise (0.05 urn). However, when standard deviations were converted to equivalent diopters, none of the subjects showed variation greater than 0.25 diopters. Spherical aberration correction correlated with lens power (r = 0.523), with 0.13 urn of correction for a +2.25D lens and -0.30 urn for a -6.50D lens. There was no significant correlation between spherical aberration correction and corneal curvature. CONCLUSION: The Frequency®55 Aspheric contact lens provides a small correction for spherical aberration that varies with lens power. In terms of equivalent diopters the correction is small-on the order of 0.25D or less. The correction varies across lots and within lots (for the same power). Most differences were less than 0.25 equivalent diopters, which was similar to the magnitude of the mean spherical aberration correction.
Download or read book Introduction to Lens Design written by José Sasián and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise introduction to lens design, including the fundamental theory, concepts, methods and tools used in the field. Covering all the essential concepts and providing suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter, this book is an essential resource for graduate students working in optics and photonics.
Download or read book Astronomical Optics written by Daniel J. Schroeder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a recognized expert in the field, this clearly presented, well-illustrated book provides both advanced level students and professionals with an authoritative, thorough presentation of the characteristics, including advantages and limitations, of telescopes and spectrographic instruments used by astronomers of today. - Written by a recognized expert in the field - Provides both advanced level students and professionals with an authoritative, thorough presentation of the characteristics, including advantages and limitations, of telescopes and spectrographic instruments used by astronomers of today
Download or read book Correction of Spherical Aberration in a Laser Collimator Using Digital Optics written by Carl John Sandquist and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aberration corrected Imaging In Transmission Electron Microscopy An Introduction 2nd Edition written by Rolf Erni and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aberration-Corrected Imaging in Transmission Electron Microscopy provides an introduction to aberration-corrected atomic-resolution electron microscopy imaging in materials and physical sciences. It covers both the broad beam transmission mode (TEM; transmission electron microscopy) and the scanning transmission mode (STEM; scanning transmission electron microscopy). The book is structured in three parts. The first part introduces the basics of conventional atomic-resolution electron microscopy imaging in TEM and STEM modes. This part also describes limits of conventional electron microscopes and possible artefacts which are caused by the intrinsic lens aberrations that are unavoidable in such instruments. The second part introduces fundamental electron optical concepts and thus provides a brief introduction to electron optics. Based on the first and second parts of the book, the third part focuses on aberration correction; it describes the various aberrations in electron microscopy and introduces the concepts of spherical aberration correctors and advanced aberration correctors, including correctors for chromatic aberration. This part also provides guidelines on how to optimize the imaging conditions for atomic-resolution STEM and TEM imaging.This second edition has been completely revised and updated in order to incorporate the very recent technological and scientific achievements that have been realized since the first edition appeared in 2010.
Download or read book Handbook of Laser Micro and Nano Engineering written by KOJI SUGIOKA. and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a comprehensive review of the entire field of laser micro and nano processing, including not only a detailed introduction to individual laser processing techniques but also the fundamentals of laser-matter interaction and lasers, optics, equipment, diagnostics, as well as monitoring and measurement techniques for laser processing. Consisting of 11 sections, each composed of 4 to 6 chapters written by leading experts in the relevant field. Each main part of the handbook is supervised by its own part editor(s) so that high-quality content as well as completeness are assured. The book provides essential scientific and technical information to researchers and engineers already working in the field as well as students and young scientists planning to work in the area in the future. Lasers found application in materials processing practically since their invention in 1960, and are currently used widely in manufacturing. The main driving force behind this fact is that the lasers can provide unique solutions in material processing with high quality, high efficiency, high flexibility, high resolution, versatility and low environmental load. Macro-processing based on thermal process using infrared lasers such as CO2 lasers has been the mainstream in the early stages, while research and development of micro- and nano-processing are becoming increasingly more active as short wavelength and/or short pulse width lasers have been developed. In particular, recent advances in ultrafast lasers have opened up a new avenue to laser material processing due to the capabilities of ultrahigh precision micro- and nanofabrication of diverse materials. This handbook is the first book covering the basics, the state-of-the-art and important applications of the dynamic and rapidly expanding discipline of laser micro- and nanoengineering. This comprehensive source makes readers familiar with a broad spectrum of approaches to solve all relevant problems in science and technology. This handbook is the ultimate desk reference for all people working in the field.
Download or read book Aberrations of Optical Systems written by W.T Welford and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the subject of optical design as a branch of applied physics is over one hundred years old, the use of aberration theory has changed considerably. Aberrations of Optical Systems covers elementary optics and aberration theory of various optical systems, including the use of nonaxially symmetric systems and diffractive optical elements in complex designs, such as head-up displays and the increasing use of scanning systems with laser illumination. The book provides the complete range of mathematical tools, formulae, and derivations needed for understanding the process of optical design and for planning optical design programs. While the treatment is mainly based on geometrical optics, some excursions into physical optics are made, particularly in connection with the problems of optical tolerances.
Download or read book Lens Design Fundamentals written by Rudolf Kingslake and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-11-20 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the substantial changes in the field since its publication in 1978 - Strong emphasis on how to effectively use software design packages, indispensable to today's lens designer - Many new lens design problems and examples – ranging from simple lenses to complex zoom lenses and mirror systems – give insight for both the newcomer and specialist in the field Rudolf Kingslake is regarded as the American father of lens design; his book, not revised since its publication in 1978, is viewed as a classic in the field. Naturally, the area has developed considerably since the book was published, the most obvious changes being the availability of powerful lens design software packages, theoretical advances, and new surface fabrication technologies. This book provides the skills and knowledge to move into the exciting world of contemporary lens design and develop practical lenses needed for the great variety of 21st-century applications. Continuing to focus on fundamental methods and procedures of lens design, this revision by R. Barry Johnson of a classic modernizes symbology and nomenclature, improves conceptual clarity, broadens the study of aberrations, enhances discussion of multi-mirror systems, adds tilted and decentered systems with eccentric pupils, explores use of aberrations in the optimization process, enlarges field flattener concepts, expands discussion of image analysis, includes many new exemplary examples to illustrate concepts, and much more. Optical engineers working in lens design will find this book an invaluable guide to lens design in traditional and emerging areas of application; it is also suited to advanced undergraduate or graduate course in lens design principles and as a self-learning tutorial and reference for the practitioner. Rudolf Kingslake (1903-2003) was a founding faculty member of the Institute of Optics at The University of Rochester (1929) and remained teaching until 1983. Concurrently, in 1937 he became head of the lens design department at Eastman Kodak until his retirement in 1969. Dr. Kingslake published numerous papers, books, and was awarded many patents. He was a Fellow of SPIE and OSA, and an OSA President (1947-48). He was awarded the Progress Medal from SMPTE (1978), the Frederic Ives Medal (1973), and the Gold Medal of SPIE (1980). R. Barry Johnson has been involved for over 40 years in lens design, optical systems design, and electro-optical systems engineering. He has been a faculty member at three academic institutions engaged in optics education and research, co-founder of the Center for Applied Optics at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, employed by a number of companies, and provided consulting services. Dr. Johnson is an SPIE Fellow and Life Member, OSA Fellow, and an SPIE President (1987). He published numerous papers and has been awarded many patents. Dr. Johnson was founder and Chairman of the SPIE Lens Design Working Group (1988-2002), is an active Program Committee member of the International Optical Design Conference, and perennial co-chair of the annual SPIE Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering Conference. - Thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the substantial changes in the field since its publication in 1978 - Strong emphasis on how to effectively use software design packages, indispensable to today's lens designer - Many new lens design problems and examples – ranging from simple lenses to complex zoom lenses and mirror systems – give insight for both the newcomer and specialist in the field
Download or read book Correction of Spherical Aberration in the Transmission Electron Microscope written by Zhifeng Shao and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
