Download or read book Corporate Governance and Firm Diversification written by Ronald C. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We empirically investigate the relationship between corporate governance structure and diversification. Using a sample of 199 firms beginning in 1985 and following these firms through 1994, we examine 1) if governance structure is significantly different between focused and diversified firms; 2) if differences in corporate governance are associated with the decision to become more focused or diverse; and 3) if the previously documented value loss from diversification is associated with governance structure. We find that, relative to focused firms, diversified firms exhibit higher levels of pay and lower sensitivity of pay to firm performance, have more outsiders on the board, have similar sensitivity of CEO turnover to performance, and no economic difference in independent blockholdings. We find that firms that increase their level of diversification over the sample period have governance and performance characteristics remarkably similar to firms that retain their focus. Firms that decrease their level of diversification, however, have lower insider ownership but more equity-based compensation relative to focused firms. We find no evidence that governance characteristics explain the value loss associated with diversification. We do find, however, that the fraction of outside directors in a diversified firm is positively related to firm value. Collectively, our results suggest that diversified firms use alternative governance mechanisms as substitutes for low pay-for-performance sensitivity and CEO ownership. We conclude that agency costs do not provide a complete explanation for the magnitude and persistence of the diversification discount.
Download or read book Is There an Association between Corporate Governance and Firm Diversification An Empirical Study with Brazilian Companies written by Wesley Mendes-Da-Silva and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strategy adopted by a company can be understood as the result of mechanisms and practices of corporate governance. In turn, the performance of a firm depends directly on the decisions made by its administrators. However, managers can incorporate their own personal interests in strategic decisions, creating a level of corporate diversification, according to the operation of the corporate government. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate, empirically, if the structure of governance is different between focused and diversified firms and, furthermore, if differences in corporate governance are associated with some loss of value for the firm from the diversification. This study consists of a multiple cross section extending from 1997 to 2001. Data from 176 companies with open capital listed on the Satilde;o Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa) were used, representing 14 industry segments. The results of the multivariable analysis reveal that the size of the board of directors (InTAMC) and the participation of the executives in the profit (profit sharing) of the company (PART) are positively associated with the diversification of the firm (HPROD). Moreover, the companies with private national capital (CNTR) appeared more diversified than those with government capital; however it is important to recognize that these associations were not constant for the entire length of the study period.
Download or read book Corporate Governance Shareholder Rights and Firm Diversification written by Pornsit Jiraporn and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grounded in agency theory, this study investigates how the strength of shareholder rights influences the extent of firm diversification and the excess value attributable to diversification. The empirical evidence reveals that the strength of shareholder rights is inversely related to the probability to diversify. Furthermore, firms where shareholder rights are more suppressed by restrictive corporate governance suffer a deeper diversification discount. Specifically, we document a 1.1-1.4% decline in firm value for each additional governance provision imposed on shareholders. An explicit distinction is made between global and industrial diversification. Our results support agency theory as an explanation for the value reduction in diversified firms. The evidence in favor of agency theory appears to be more pronounced for industrial diversification than for global diversification.
Download or read book Corporate Governance and Firm Diversification written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corporate Governance and Firm Performance written by Rejie George Pallathitta and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Downscoping written by Robert E. Hoskisson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994-09-01 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large, diversified firms face unique challenges as they compete worldwide, and corporate restructuring is one way multinationals strive for competitive advantage. Weighing the pros and cons of a variety of approaches to restructuring, Downscoping offers executives a clear, strategic path through the maze. The authors show that when a multinational conglomerate fails to compete effectively, too much diversification may be the culprit. Whether the result of weak corporate governance or poor corporate strategy, over-diversification can make managers, unfamiliar with some of the markets in which they compete, opt for safety over innovation. This risk-aversion and lack of long-range commitment to innovation lead inevitably to stagnation over the longer term. The answer is not downsizing--closing offices and laying off personnel--but downscoping: a strategic approach to restructuring. The options include incentive and compensation adjustments for executives, leveraged buy-outs and capital structure changes, focusing on core skills, diversifying internationally while focusing on businesses in which a firm has strong competencies, and buying and selling mature businesses where product development is not a great concern. Regardless of the approach, executives must exercise strategic leadership during and after restructuring, including providing strategic direction, exploiting core competencies, developing human capital, and sustaining the corporate culture. Based on systematic research rather than casual observation, Downscoping provides a strong description of restructuring alternatives and their resulting tradeoffs. Its specific guidelines for maintaining competitiveness will be essential reading for managers involved in corporate restructuring.
Download or read book Corporate Governance and Corporate Behavior in Japan written by Masaharu Hanazaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book carefully examines the effects of changes in the corporate governance structure on corporate behavior or company performance, using micro-data from listed companies in Japan. The author found that in Japan the introduction of stock options had neither a positive impact on profitability nor the negative side effects of promoting risk-taking behaviors. Furthermore, he found that corporate diversification and division of corporations showed negative impacts on profitability. The corporate governance structure of Japan has exhibited a large change from the second half of the 1990s to the present. There have been institutional reforms involving enterprise law, such as the introduction of stock options and the removal of the ban on holding companies. With respect to the ownership structure of a company, discernible trends are that the equity holdings of financial institutions and business corporations have fallen while the presence of foreign stockholders has risen. These trends are often pointed out as signs that the Japanese corporate governance structure has been approaching the American model and that this will energize Japanese firms. The author contradicts common academic theories, however, and concludes that the formation of the corporate governance which emphasizes the agency problem between shareholders and corporate managers is inadequate. He suggests that an institutional arrangement for a corporate governance system that values a variety of stakeholders' interests is greatly needed and concludes that perspectives on maximizing surplus values for various stakeholders and distributing the surpluses appropriately among the stakeholders will become increasingly important for the purpose of managing corporations.
Download or read book The Corporation written by Dennis Mueller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the theory of the firm and the large modern corporation. Examining the process of entrepreneurial capitalism in which firms come into existence, then managerial capitalism and the changing motives of management in corporations - The Corporation is a thorough and thoughtful account. Of interest to students and academics in
Download or read book Corporate Governance Corporate Diversification and Ownership Structure written by Raffaele Stagliano and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis is to examine how corporate diversification and ownership structure affect value creation for firms. In Chapter 2, we review the relevant theoretical models in the field of corporate finance. The chapter also summarizes the empirical results found regarding the relationship between corporate diversification, ownership concentration and the firm's value. In Chapter 3, we extend the analysis of corporate diversification and consider the effects of the interaction of both product and international diversification on a firm. Empirically, this chapter considers the impact of diversification decisions on the capital structure for a sample of Italian manufacturing firms. We find that the interaction of both international and product diversification has a negative impact on debt capacity. Finally, in Chapter 4, we empirically examine the impact of complex ownership structures on the risk choices of U.S. firms. Most previous studies on ownership structure focus on the differences between firms with at least one blockholder and widely held firms, without considering the potential effect that the existence of other blockholders might have on the financial variables. We find that the blockholders with intermediate holdings play a mitigating role in the conflicts of interest between the largest blockholder and the minority shareholders.
Download or read book What Drives Firms to Diversity written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines whether corporate governance structures, serving as proxies for agency costs, can explain firms' decision to diversify. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that firms with worse corporate governance structures are more likely to diversify. The extant literature usually compares the governance characteristics of multi-segment firms to those of single segment firms to address this issue. However, different governance characteristics may simply reflect differences in firm characteristics of diversified firms and focused firms. Furthermore, industry factors may affect both the propensity of firms to diversify and their governance characteristics. To separate out the agency costs explanation of firms' decision to diversify, I compare the corporate governance structures of single segment firms that choose to diversify with those of a matched sample of single segment firms in the same industry that choose to remain focused. I find that firms with a higher percentage of outsiders on the board and smaller board size are more likely to diversify. These findings are inconsistent with the agency costs explanation of why firms choose to diversify. In addition, the CEO pay-to-performance sensitivity of diversifying firms is also not significantly different from that of firms that stay focused. The corporate governance characteristics cannot explain the changes in excess value around diversification either. Although some of the governance characteristics are significantly related to the announcement effects of diversifying mergers, these relations are often inconsistent with the agency cost explanation. Taken together, my evidence indicates that diversifying firms do not systematically have worse governance structures than firms that stay focused and, therefore, higher agency costs do not appear to drive the decision to diversify.
Download or read book Agency Conflicts Corporate Governance and Corporate Diversification Evidence from Switzerland written by Stefan Beiner and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is concerned with the causes and consequences of industrial diversification in a cross-section of 159 Swiss firms and contributes to the existing literature in two important ways: First, it investigates the causes of corporate diversification by taking into account the overall structure of firm-level corporate governance including a broad survey-based corporate governance index. Second, by employing a simultaneous equations framework, we are able to provide some important insights on the interrelation between corporate diversification, corporate governance, and firm value. Consistent with earlier U.S. evidence, we find a diversification discount in the range of 14 to 24 percent. Moreover, our results indicate that outside blockholdings and the survey-based corporate governance index are effective deterrents to corporate diversification strategies while managerial shareholdings have neither an effect on the level nor on the value of diversification.
Download or read book Corporate Diversification and Firm Performance written by Sajid Ali and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between corporate diversification and firm performance in a developing country. Previous studies have found that the mixed results have been established between these two constructs in developed countries such as linear, u-shaped or inverted u-shaped relationship. To this end, a sample of 141 non-financial companies over the period of 2003 to 2013 listed on Pakistani stock market was used to analyze the impact of diversification strategy on the performance of firm. Corporate diversification is divided into two types including product and geographic diversification. The findings of the study demonstrated that an inverted u-shaped relationship existed as performance increased up to a certain level due to the related diversification strategy and then it fell down drastically. It showed that too much diversification creates agency problems and internal inefficiencies. It has implications for agency problems, weak corporate governance structures, and family relationships.
Download or read book Diversification Corporate Governance and Firm s Earnings Forecast Error written by 賴學勤 and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strategy Structure and Corporate Governance written by Nabyla Daidj and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of the 2000s, important changes in external environments have affected the corporate governance practices of firms all around the world. The corporate governance structure in each country develops in response to country-specific factors and conditions. Firms are currently engaged in a variety of dynamic business relationships such as business networks, strategic alliances, and conglomerates especially in high technology sectors. Strategy, Structure and Corporate Governance by Nabyla Daidj, proposes to analyze the main trends and drivers of change in corporate governance of several kinds of organizations: - Large conglomerates. The development of large and complex conglomerate organizations have played an important role in the economy in Japan but also in other countries such as Korea with chaebols, which can be defined as closely intertwined industrial groupings. - Inter-firms networks (districts, clusters etc.); and, - 'Recent' forms of inter-firms networks (business ecosystems). The author examines several case studies and shows how shifts in markets and global competition are reconfiguring transactions within these organizations and are impacting corporate governance systems.
Download or read book The Modern Firm Corporate Governance and Investment written by Per-Olof Bjuggren and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the revolutionary development of the theory of the firm over the past 35 years. Despite rapid progress in the field, new developments in the microeconomic and industrial organization literature have been relatively scant. This book attempts to redress the balance by providing a comprehensive overview of the theory of the firm before moving on to explore firms and the organization of their economic activities. The contributors investigate the impact of ownership structure and board composition on firm performance, and examine how the institutional framework of an economy affects investment decisions. More specifically, detailed studies of topics including contracts, authority, competence blocs, institutional impacts and corporate governance mechanisms are presented. This unique blend of financial economics and industrial organization perspectives on the corporate firm will prove a stimulating read for scholars and researchers of economics, business administration and law.
Download or read book Corporate Governance and Diversification written by Kimberly C. Gleason and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we investigate the relation between corporate governance and returns to bidders and targets, using 1,640 observations of completed acquisitions from 1996 to 2003. We find that the cumulative abnormal returns for acquirers are significantly negative upon announcement of acquisitions for the full sample and for the related and diversifying sub-samples. However, we find that diversifying acquisitions, when conducted by firms with a higher percentage of outsiders on the board, improve returns. Furthermore, we separately examine high-tech and non high-tech firms to test the relation between board characteristics and announcement returns in different information asymmetry environments. We also find that diversifying acquirers with independent boards perform better than those with insider dominated boards and the results are especially pronounced for high-tech firms. Taken together, the results suggest that firms with better incentive alignment will be more likely to be perceived by the market as stronger performers in acquisitions. In sum, we find that corporate governance plays an important role in determining wealth creation for our sample of acquiring firms.
Download or read book Corporate Governance and the Timeliness of Change written by Rajeswarar S. Chaganti and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1998-08-27 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to implement change quickly is crucial to an organizations's success—not only in traditionally sedate industries, but also in today's fast-moving hi-tech ones. Sherman and Chaganti, from their study of 100 American corporations, half in stable industries, half in volatile ones, find that a firm's structure of governance bears heavily on the speed with which the firm can reorient itself. What are the characteristics of firms that change quickly? What inhibits others? And what, precisely, is the impact of a firm's stockholders, board and top management on its ability to adapt? Sherman and Chaganti provide answers to these and other questions, in the first book yet to focus entirely on the determinants of time in corporate reorientations. In order for a firm to develop or sustain a competitive advantage, it must not only adapt correctly to environmental change, but also adapt quickly. This study examines the factors associated with the time a firm takes to initiate reorientation. The results of the research indicate that even in relatively large organizations, reorientations are not rare and occur routinely. Further, deterioration of a firm's financial condition tends to hasten its initiation of reorientation. However, the determinants of time taken to initiate reorientation differ in firms with relatively high prior performance and firms with relatively low prior performance.
