Download or read book Coral Reefs and Related Carbonate Structures as Indicators of Great Age written by Daniel E. Wonderly and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Acidification written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.
Download or read book Creation and Evolution written by Alan Hayward and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2005-01-26 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even non-Christian scientists are attacking the traditional evolutionary theory still taught in many schools as fact. In 'Creation and Evolution' British physicist Dr. Alan Hayward draws evidence solely from these non-Christian researchers to discredit gradual evolution and Darwin's mechanism of natural selection. Hayward also examines in detail young earth theories, flood geology, and geological testimony to an ancient earth. In the end he suggests a surprising interpretation of Genesis that argues for both a historical Adam and creation over eons of time. Bowing neither to theistic evolution nor scientific creationism, Hayward writes from the perspective of a Christian physicist committed both to a high view of Scripture and to rigorous honesty with scientific data.
Download or read book Constructing a Toolbox of Geochemical Indicators of Community Composition Shifts in Coral Reef Ecosystems Under Stress written by Isaiah Wesley Bolden and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern coral reef ecosystems house 25% of the planet's entire marine biodiversity in ~ 0.1% of the surface area cover of the ocean and provide numerous ecosystem services for human populations. Unfortunately, these marine rainforests are known to be in a global state of decline, largely due to the impacts of sea-surface warming, ocean acidification, pollution, disease, and other direct human impacts. Numerous studies have proposed that as these stressors increase in reef environments, a pronounced shift from precipitation to dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) substrates will induce the collapse of habitat-forming coral structures and lead to dominance of macroalgae. Together, these changes lend themselves to a decline in the overall biodiversity of marine organisms hosted in today's reef ecosystems in addition to major losses to global fisheries,erosion of coastal protection, and dissolution of the foundations of many tropical islands. As a means to improve future reef management and adaptation strategies, there has been a recent push for the development of new tools for monitoring the health of coral reefs under environmental stressors. My research follows a forensic geochemistry approach to understand ecological shifts within and between reef ecosystems in the age of anthropogenic climate change. Specifically, I combine discrete and continuous measurements of seawater composition in coral reef environments, mathematical modeling, and high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine the most effective geochemical proxies for changes in reef metabolism and community composition under stress. Here, I will report on (1) the limitations of exploring variability in modern reef metabolism through assumptions of canonical relationships between carbon and oxygen budgets, (2) the development of a high-precision method for detecting variability in the seawater dissolved strontium-to-calcium (Sr/Casw) ratio and its potential as an indicator of calcifier community composition, and (3) variability in the stable carbon isotope (delta-13 C) composition of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on reefs as a potential proxy for benthic primary producer community composition. With the current unprecedented decline of coral reef ecosystems, the ultimate goal of my research is to construct a sophisticated and quantitative toolkit for detecting ecological transitions within these dynamic marine habitats.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs written by David Hopley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-26 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reefs are the largest landforms built by plants and animals. Their study therefore incorporates a wide range of disciplines. This encyclopedia approaches coral reefs from an earth science perspective, concentrating especially on modern reefs. Currently coral reefs are under high stress, most prominently from climate change with changes to water temperature, sea level and ocean acidification particularly damaging. Modern reefs have evolved through the massive environmental changes of the Quaternary with long periods of exposure during glacially lowered sea level periods and short periods of interglacial growth. The entries in this encyclopedia condense the large amount of work carried out since Charles Darwin first attempted to understand reef evolution. Leading authorities from many countries have contributed to the entries covering areas of geology, geography and ecology, providing comprehensive access to the most up-to-date research on the structure, form and processes operating on Quaternary coral reefs.
Download or read book The History and Sedimentology of Ancient Reef Systems written by George D. Stanley Jr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Preface: The chapters of this book contain contributions from an international group of specialists. They address some important themes in both modern and ancient reef systems. Some chapters contain `snapshots' of reefs of particular intervals, while others touch on relevant themes of both modern and ancient reefs - themes that weave their way through reefs of all ages. This book opens and sets the stage with an introduction to both modern and ancient reefs and reef ecosystems. This chapter is also intended as a basic introduction for students, general geologists, and professionals or others who may be unfamiliar with reefs and reef ecosystems. The chapter addresses the living coral reef ecosystem, stressing among other relevant factors, the importance of ecological and physical interactions between the organisms and their environment. The chapter also addresses mass extinction and provides a general overview of the history of reefs.
Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific written by Peter W. Glynn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents and examines the state of health of coral reefs in the eastern tropical Pacific region. It touches on the occurrence of coral reefs in the waters of surrounding countries, and it explores their biogeography, biodiversity and condition relative to the El Niño southern oscillation and human impacts. Additionally contained within is a field that presents information on many of the species presented in the preceding chapters.
Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Red Sea written by Christian R. Voolstra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a complete review and reference work for scientists, engineers, and students concerned with coral reefs in the Red Sea. It provides an up-to-date review on the geology, ecology, and physiology of coral reef ecosystems in the Red Sea, including data from most recent molecular studies. The Red Sea harbours a set of unique ecological characteristics, such as high temperature, high alkalinity, and high salinity, in a quasi-isolated environment. This makes it a perfect laboratory to study and understand adaptation in regard to the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. This book can be used as a general reference, guide, or textbook.
Download or read book The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs written by Charles Darwin and published by . This book was released on 1842 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Who s who in Theology and Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coral Reefs at the Crossroads written by Dennis K. Hubbard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, contributors from diverse backgrounds take a first step toward an integrated view of reefs and the significance of their recent decline. More than any other earth system, coral reefs sit at a disciplinary crossroads. Most recently, they have reached another crossroads - fundamental changes in their bio-physical structure greater than those of previous centuries or even millennia. Effective strategies to mitigate recent trends will require an approach that embraces the myriad perspectives from across the scientific landscape, but will also need a mechanism to transform scientific understanding into social will and political implementation.
Download or read book Corals and Reefs written by Bertrand Martin-Garin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-24 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The health status and future of tropical coral reefs, as tourist destinations, are regularly subjected to media coverage. Many documentaries recognize the natural beauty and biological richness of the Australian Great Barrier Reef and French Polynesian lagoons, but point to the equally significant risk that would result from current global warming and human-made hazards. The future of coral reefs is usually a matter of death foretold, real or purely imaginary. In this context, it has become necessary to differentiate between what is falling within reality of scientific facts or fantasy. To this end, the present general review, in the expert translation of Charlotte Fontan aims at: (1) defining the conditions and life requirements of reefbuilding corals; (2) the history of corals along with that of a number of associated, skeletal organisms involved in reef building since the very beginning, i.e. the last 540 million years, including the ups and downs they have experienced; (3) giving special reference to the development patterns of recent and modern reefs; (4) projecting corals and reefs into a still unknown future. Understanding how corals and reefs have originated, how they have been able to face the major biological crises which have punctuated the Earth’s history, how they have survived is a prerequisite to better gain a significant picture of their future.
Download or read book Quantifying the Rates and Drivers of Coral and Coral Reef Calcification in the Anthropocene written by Travis Alexander Courtney and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic environmental change threatens the ability for many coral reefs to maintain the calcium carbonate structures that provide shoreline protection, fisheries provision, and tourism revenue to human populations worldwide. Rigorous quantification of the rates and drivers of coral and coral reef net ecosystem calcification (NEC) represents a significant challenge but is tantamount for understanding how these services to humanity may be affected by environmental change. This challenge is addressed here by leveraging a combination of field observations, numerical models, and statistical analyses. The major findings showed that extremely large NEC errors of -91% to +1000% can be driven by interacting ±83% uncertainties in the difficult to measure seawater depth and residence time parameters used to calculate NEC. Confidence in NEC rates can nonetheless be improved by leveraging multiple NEC methods as evidenced by the agreement between chemistry and census-based NEC calculated for Hog Reef, Bermuda. Analysis of the environmental drivers of coral and reef-scale calcification at Hog Reef and Crescent Reef, Bermuda showed that temperature was the strongest driver of coral and reef-scale calcification rates with little influence by the other environmental parameters studied. This suggests that reduced warming rates driven by lower global carbon dioxide emissions pathways could maintain Bermudan coral calcification through the twenty-first century. However, more rapid warming can cause coral bleaching that reduces NEC as evidenced by the observation of zero NEC during the fall 2015 coral bleaching event in Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. The subsequent recovery to pre-bleaching NEC rates by the following summer highlights the capacity of coral reef NEC to rapidly recover in the absence of continued stressors. Conversely, the cumulative effects of 20 years of disturbances on coral calcification capacity (CCC) across the main Hawaiian Islands, Mo'orea, Florida Keys reef tract, and St. John revealed disturbance-driven reductions in CCC and community-level shifts in contributions to CCC from competitive to weedy corals that may increase CCC resilience to future disturbances. This dissertation collectively improves projections for how the Anthropocene may change reef structures and the services they provide humanity by advancing our understanding of the rates and drivers of coral and coral reef calcification.
Download or read book Quaternary Coral Reef Systems written by Lucien F. Montaggioni and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-08-13 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents both state-of-the art knowledge from Recent coral reefs (1.8 million to a few centuries old) gained since the eighties, and introduces geologists, oceanographers and environmentalists to sedimentological and paleoecological studies of an ecosystem encompassing some of the world's richest biodiversity. Scleractinian reefs first appeared about 300 million years ago. Today coral reef systems provide some of the most sensitive gauges of environmental change, expressing the complex interplay of chemical, physical, geological and biological factors. The topics covered will include the evolutionary history of reef systems and some of the main reef builders since the Cenozoic, the effects of biological and environmental forces on the zonation of reef systems and the distribution of reef organisms and on reef community dynamics through time, changes in the geometry, anatomy and stratigraphy of reef bodies and systems in relation to changes in sea level and tectonics, the distribution patterns of sedimentary (framework or detrital) facies in relation to those of biological communities, the modes and rates of reef accretion (progradation, aggradation versus backstepping; coral growth versus reef growth), the hydrodynamic forces controlling water circulation through reef structures and their relationship to early diagenetic processes, the major diagenetic processes affecting reef bodies through time (replacement and diddolution, dolomitization, phosphatogenesis), and the record of climate change by both individual coral colonies and reef systems over the Quaternary. * state-of-the-art knowledge from Recent corals reefs* introduction to sedimentological and paleoecological studies of an ecosystems encompassing some of the world's richest biodiversity.* authors are internationally regarded authorities on the subject* trustworthy information
Download or read book The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs written by Charles Darwin and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1851. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived
Download or read book The Biology of Coral Reefs written by Charles R. C. Sheppard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reefs represent the most spectacular and diverse marine ecosystem on the planet as well as a critical source of income for millions of people. However, the combined effects of human activity have led to a rapid decline in the health of reefs worldwide, with many now facing complete destruction. Their world-wide deterioration and over-exploitation has continued and even accelerated in many areas since the publication of the first edition in 2009. At the same time, there has been a near doubling in the number of scientific papers that have been written in this short time about coral reef biology and the ability to acclimate to ocean warming and acidification. This new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, incorporating the significant increase in knowledge gained over the last decade whilst retaining the book's focus as a concise and affordable overview of the field. The Biology of Coral Reefs provides an integrated overview of the function, physiology, ecology, and behaviour of coral reef organisms. Each chapter is enriched with a selection of 'boxes' on specific aspects written by internationally recognised experts. As with other books in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in this book is on the organisms that dominate this marine environment although pollution, conservation, climate change, and experimental aspects are also included. Indeed, particular emphasis is placed on conservation and management due to the habitat's critically endangered status. A global range of examples is employed which gives the book international relevance.
Download or read book Modification of Carbonate Substrata by Bioerosion and Bioaccretion on Coral Reefs of the Red Sea written by Moshira Hassan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
