Download or read book Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide in Coal Gases to Liquid Elemental Sulfur with Monolithic Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from coal gasifier gas and sulfur recovery are key steps in the development of Department of Energy's (DOE's) advanced power plants that produce electric power and clean transportation fuels with coal and natural gas. These plants will require highly clean coal gas with H2S below 1 ppmv and negligible amounts of trace contaminants such as hydrogen chloride, ammonia, alkali, heavy metals, and particulate. The conventional method of sulfur removal and recovery employing amine, Claus, and tail-gas treatment is very expensive. A second generation approach developed under DOE's sponsorship employs hot-gas desulfurization (HGD) using regenerable metal oxide sorbents followed by Direct Sulfur Recovery Process (DSRP). However, this process sequence does not remove trace contaminants and is targeted primarily towards the development of advanced integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants that produce electricity (not both electricity and transportation fuels). There is an immediate as well as long-term need for the development of cleanup processes that produce highly clean coal gas for next generation power plants. To this end, a novel process is now under development at several research organizations in which the H2S in coal gas is directly oxidized to elemental sulfur over a selective catalyst. Such a process is ideally suited for coal gas from commercial gasifiers with a quench system to remove essentially all the trace contaminants except H2S In the Single-Step Sulfur Recovery Process (SSRP), the direct oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur in the presence of SO2 is ideally suited for coal gas from commercial gasifiers with a quench system to remove essentially all the trace contaminants except H2S. This direct oxidation process has the potential to produce a super clean coal gas more economically than both conventional amine-based processes and HGD/DSRP. The H2 and CO components of syngas appear to behave as inert with respect to sulfur formed at the SSRP conditions. One problem in the SSRP process that needs to be eliminated or minimized is COS formation that may occur due to reaction of CO with sulfur formed from the Claus reaction. The objectives of this research are to formulate monolithic catalysts for removal of H2S from coal gases and minimum formation of COS with monolithic catalyst supports, [gamma]-alumina wash coat, and catalytic metals, to develop a regeneration method for a deactivated monolithic catalyst, to measure kinetics of both direct oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur with SO2 as an oxidizer and formation of COS in the presence of a simulated coal gas mixture containing H2, CO, CO2, and moisture, using a monolithic catalyst reactor. The task of developing kinetic rate equations and modeling the direct oxidation process to assist in the design of large-scale plants will be abandoned since formulation of catalysts suitable for the removal of H2S and COS is being in progress. This heterogeneous catalytic reaction has gaseous reactants such as H2S and SO2. However, this heterogeneous catalytic reaction has heterogeneous products such as liquid elemental sulfur and steam. Experiments on conversion of hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur and formation of COS were carried out for the space time range of 46-570 seconds under reaction conditions to formulate catalysts suitable for the removal of H2S and COS from coal gases and evaluate their capabilities in reducing hydrogen sulfide and COS in coal gases. Simulated coal gas mixtures consist of 3,200-4,000-ppmv hydrogen sulfide, 1,600-20,000-ppmv sulfur dioxide, 18-27 v% hydrogen, 29-41 v% CO, 8-12 v% CO2, 0-10 vol % moisture, and nitrogen as remainder. Volumetric feed rates of simulated coal gas mixtures to the reactor are 30 - 180 cm3/min at 1 atm and 25 C (SCCM). The temperature of the reactor is controlled in an oven at 120-155 C. The pressure of the reactor is maintained at 40-210 psia. The molar ratio of H2S to SO2 in the monolithic catalyst reactor is maintained approximately at 2 for all the reaction experiment runs.

Download or read book Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide in Coal Gases to Liquid Elemental Sulfur with Monolithic Catalysts written by K. C. Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Removal of hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S) from coal gasifier gas and sulfur recovery are key steps in the development of Department of Energy's (DOE's) advanced power plants that produce electric power and clean transportation fuels with coal and natural gas. These plants will require highly clean coal gas with H{sub 2}S below 1 ppmv and negligible amounts of trace contaminants such as hydrogen chloride, ammonia, alkali, heavy metals, and particulate. The conventional method of sulfur removal and recovery employing amine, Claus, and tail-gas treatment is very expensive. A second generation approach developed under DOE's sponsorship employs hot-gas desulfurization (HGD) using regenerable metal oxide sorbents followed by Direct Sulfur Recovery Process (DSRP). However, this process sequence does not remove trace contaminants and is targeted primarily towards the development of advanced integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants that produce electricity (not both electricity and transportation fuels). There is an immediate as well as long-term need for the development of cleanup processes that produce highly clean coal gas for next generation power plants. To this end, a novel process is now under development at several research organizations in which the H{sub 2} in coal gas is directly oxidized to elemental sulfur over a selective catalyst. Such a process is ideally suited for coal gas from commercial gasifiers with a quench system to remove essentially all the trace contaminants except H{sub 2}S In the Single-Step Sulfur Recovery Process (SSRP), the direct oxidation of H{sub 2}S to elemental sulfur in the presence of SO{sub 2} is ideally suited for coal gas from commercial gasifiers with a quench system to remove essentially all the trace contaminants except H{sub 2}S. This direct oxidation process has the potential to produce a super clean coal gas more economically than both conventional amine-based processes and HGD/DSRP. The H{sub 2} and CO components of syngas appear to behave as inert with respect to sulfur formed at the SSRP conditions. One problem in the SSRP process that needs to be eliminated or minimized is COS formation that may occur due to reaction of CO with sulfur formed from the Claus reaction. The objectives of this research are to formulate monolithic catalysts for removal of H{sub 2}S from coal gases and minimum formation of COS with monolithic catalyst supports, {gamma}-alumina wash or carbon coats, and catalytic metals, to develop a catalytic regeneration method for a deactivated monolithic catalyst, to measure kinetics of both direct oxidation of H{sub 2}S to elemental sulfur with SO{sub 2} as an oxidizer and formation of COS in the presence of a simulated coal gas mixture containing H{sub 2}, CO, CO{sub 2}, and moisture, using a monolithic catalyst reactor, and to develop kinetic rate equations and model the direct oxidation process to assist in the design of large-scale plants. This heterogeneous catalytic reaction has gaseous reactants such as H{sub 2}S and SO{sub 2}. However, this heterogeneous catalytic reaction has heterogeneous products such as liquid elemental sulfur and steam. To achieve the above-mentioned objectives using a monolithic catalyst reactor, experiments on conversion of hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur and formation of COS were carried out for the space time range of 40-560 seconds at 120-150 C to evaluate effects of reaction temperatures, total pressure, space time, and catalyst regeneration on conversion of hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur and formation of COS. Simulated coal gas mixtures consist of 3,600-4,000-ppmv hydrogen sulfide, 1,800-2,000 ppmv sulfur dioxide, 23-27 v% hydrogen, 36-41 v% CO, 10-12 v% CO{sub 2}, 0-10 vol % moisture, and nitrogen as remainder. Volumetric feed rates of a simulated coal gas mixture to the reactor are 30-180 SCCM. The temperature of the reactor is controlled in an oven at 120-150 C. The pressure of the reactor is maintained at 40-210 psia. The molar ratio of H{sub 2}S to SO{sub 2} in the monolithic catalyst reactor is maintained approximately at 2 for all the reaction experiment runs.

Download or read book Conversion of H2S in Coal Gas to Liquid Elemental Sulfur in a Micro Bubble Reactor written by Kyung C. Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book KINETICS OF DIRECT OXIDATION OF H2S IN COAL GAS TO ELEMENTAL SULFUR written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The direct oxidation of H[sub 2]S to elemental sulfur in the presence of SO[sub 2] is ideally suited for coal gas from commercial gasifiers with a quench system to remove essentially all the trace contaminants except H[sub 2]S. This direct oxidation process has the potential to produce a super clean coal gas more economically than both conventional amine-based processes and the hot-gas desulfurization using regenerable metal oxide sorbents followed by Direct Sulfur Recovery Process. The objective of this research is to support the near- and long-term process development efforts to commercialize this direct oxidation technology. The objectives of this research are to measure kinetics of direct oxidation of H[sub 2]S to elemental sulfur in the presence of a simulated coal gas mixture containing SO[sub 2], H[sub 2], and moisture, using 160-[micro]m C-500-04 alumina catalyst particles and a micro bubble reactor, and to develop kinetic rate equations and model the direct oxidation process to assist in the design of large-scale plants. This heterogeneous catalytic reaction has gaseous reactants such as H[sub 2]S and SO[sub 2]. However, this heterogeneous catalytic reaction has heterogeneous products such as liquid elemental sulfur and steam. To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, experiments on conversion of hydrogen sulfide into liquid elemental sulfur were carried out for the space time range of 0.059-0.87 seconds at 125-155 C to evaluate effects of reaction temperature, H[sub 2]S concentration, reaction pressure, and catalyst loading on conversion of hydrogen sulfide into liquid elemental sulfur. Simulated coal gas mixtures consist of 62-78 v% hydrogen, 3,000-7,000-ppmv hydrogen sulfide, 1,500-3,500 ppmv sulfur dioxide, and 10 vol % moisture, and nitrogen as remainder. Volumetric feed rates of a simulated coal gas mixture to a micro bubble reactor are 50 cm[sup 3]/min at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The temperature of the reactor is controlled in an oven at 125-155 C. The pressure of the reactor is maintained at 40-170 psia. The molar ratio of H[sub 2]S to SO[sub 2] in the bubble reactor is maintained at 2 for all the reaction experiment runs.

Download or read book Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide to Elemental Sulfur from Coal Derived Fuel Gases written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of low cost, highly efficient, desulfurization technology with integrated sulfur recovery remains a principle barrier issue for Vision 21 integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation plants. In this plan, the U.S. Department of Energy will construct ultra-clean, modular, co-production IGCC power plants each with chemical products tailored to meet the demands of specific regional markets. The catalysts employed in these co-production modules, for example water-gas-shift and Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, are readily poisoned by hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a sulfur contaminant, present in the coal-derived fuel gases. To prevent poisoning of these catalysts, the removal of H2S down to the parts-per-billion level is necessary. Historically, research into the purification of coal-derived fuel gases has focused on dry technologies that offer the prospect of higher combined cycle efficiencies as well as improved thermal integration with co-production modules. Primarily, these concepts rely on a highly selective process separation step to remove low concentrations of H2S present in the fuel gases and produce a concentrated stream of sulfur bearing effluent. This effluent must then undergo further processing to be converted to its final form, usually elemental sulfur. Ultimately, desulfurization of coal-derived fuel gases may cost as much as 15% of the total fixed capital investment (Chen et al., 1992). It is, therefore, desirable to develop new technology that can accomplish H2S separation and direct conversion to elemental sulfur more efficiently and with a lower initial fixed capital investment.

Download or read book Sulfuric Acid Versus Elemental Sulfur as By products written by United States. Department of Energy and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Catalysts and Processes for H2S Conversion to Sulfur written by Daniela Barba and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-02-07 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, more stringent regulations on SOx emissions and growing environmental concerns have led to considerable attention on sulfur recovery from hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide is commonly found in raw natural gas and biogas, even if a great amount is obtained through sweetening of sour natural gas and hydrodesulphurization of light hydrocarbons. It is highly toxic, extremely corrosive and flammable, and for these reasons, its elimination is necessary prior to emission in atmosphere. There are different technologies for the removal of H2S, the drawbacks of which are the high costs and limited H2S conversion efficiency. The main focus of this Special Issue will be on catalytic oxidation processes, but the issue is devoted to the development of catalysts able to maximize H2S conversion to sulfur minimizing SO2 formation, pursuing the goal of "zero SO2 emission". This Special Issue is particularly devoted to the preparation of novel powdered/structured supported catalysts and their physical-chemical characterization, the study of the aspects concerning stability and reusability, as well as the phenomena that could underlie the deactivation of the catalyst. This Special Issue comprises seven articles, one communication, and one review regarding the desulfurization of sour gases and fuel oil, as well as the synthesis of novel adsorbents and catalysts for H2S abatement. In the following, a brief description of the papers included in this issue is provided to serve as an outline to encourage further reading.

Download or read book Sulfide Catalysts for Reducing SO2 to Elemental Sulfur written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A highly efficient sulfide catalyst for reducing sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur, which maximizes the selectivity of elemental sulfur over byproducts and has a high conversion efficiency. Various feed stream contaminants, such as water vapor are well tolerated. Additionally, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or hydrogen sulfides can be employed as the reducing gases while maintaining high conversion efficiency. This allows a much wider range of uses and higher level of feed stream contaminants than prior art catalysts.

Download or read book Microbial Conversion of Hydrous Calcium Sulfate to Hydrogen Sulfide written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthesis and Development of Processes for the Recovery of Sulfur from Acid Gases written by Gavin Paul Towler and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Production of Elemental Sulfur and Methane from H2S and CO2 Derived from a Coal Desulfurization Process Final Report September 1 1993 March 31 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to experimentally and theoretically investigate the feasibility of producing elemental sulfur, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and possible methane from hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide through catalytic reactions. A novel experimental system that could evaluate potential catalysts and adsorbents under controlled laboratory conditions was designed and constructed. Additionally an effective simulation program capable of providing valuable thermodynamic information on the reaction system was compiled. The following tasks have been performed: (1) design and construction of an experimental system for the catalyst preparation and catalyst screening studies including frequent modifications of the experimental setup to meet specific application needs; (2) installation and calibration of related analytical instruments, and investigation of the temperature distribution profile inside the reactor; (3) preparation, reduction, sulfidation of potential catalysts, and measurements of specific surface area of catalysts; (4) decomposition of H2S under both non-catalytic condition and catalytic condition with the CoO-MoO3-alumina catalyst at moderate temperatures around 550 C. Analyses of the product gas by gas chromatograph; and (5) thermodynamic studies on the theoretical conversions of H2S for various temperatures, pressures and ratios of H2S to CO2. Based on the results of the above tasks, bench scale experiments were performed with the CoO-MoO3-alumina catalyst at moderate temperatures around 550 C to investigate the adsorption effects of solid sorbents in order to remove sulfur from the reaction environment. Four kinds of adsorbents have been tested along with several designs of solid adsorbent feed systems.

Download or read book Processes for Recovering Sulfur from Secondary Source Materials written by Bertram K. Shibler and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide Into Elemental Sulfur written by R. Basu and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthesis and Development of Processes for the Recovery of Sulfur from Acid Gases Part 1 Development of a High temperature Process for Removal of H2S from Coal Gas Using Limestone Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations Part 2 Development of a Zero emissions Process for Recovery of Sulfur from Acid Gas Streams written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Limestone can be used more effectively as a sorbent for H2S in high-temperature gas-cleaning applications if it is prevented from undergoing calcination. Sorption of H2S by limestone is impeded by sintering of the product CaS layer. Sintering of CaS is catalyzed by CO2, but is not affected by N2 or H2. The kinetics of CaS sintering was determined for the temperature range 750--900°C. When hydrogen sulfide is heated above 600°C in the presence of carbon dioxide elemental sulfur is formed. The rate-limiting step of elemental sulfur formation is thermal decomposition of H2S. Part of the hydrogen thereby produced reacts with CO2, forming CO via the water-gas-shift reaction. The equilibrium of H2S decomposition is therefore shifted to favor the formation of elemental sulfur. The main byproduct is COS, formed by a reaction between CO2 and H2S that is analogous to the water-gas-shift reaction. Smaller amounts of SO2 and CS2 also form. Molybdenum disulfide is a strong catalyst for H2S decomposition in the presence of CO2. A process for recovery of sulfur from H2S using this chemistry is as follows: Hydrogen sulfide is heated in a high-temperature reactor in the presence of CO2 and a suitable catalyst. The primary products of the overall reaction are S2, CO, H2 and H2O. Rapid quenching of the reaction mixture to roughly 600°C prevents loss Of S2 during cooling. Carbonyl sulfide is removed from the product gas by hydrolysis back to CO2 and H2S. Unreacted CO2 and H2S are removed from the product gas and recycled to the reactor, leaving a gas consisting chiefly of H2 and CO, which recovers the hydrogen value from the H2S. This process is economically favorable compared to the existing sulfur-recovery technology and allows emissions of sulfur-containing gases to be controlled to very low levels.

Download or read book Production of Elemental Sulfur and Methane from H2S and CO2 Derived from a Coal Desulfurization Process Annual Technical Progress Report October 1 1994 September 30 1995 Quarterly Technical Progress Report July 1 September 30 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is to develop an experimental and theoretical procedure to investigate the feasibility of producing elemental sulfur, CO, H2 and possibly CH4 from H2S and CO2 through catalytic reactions. A standard experimental system that can evaluate potential catalysts under controlled laboratory conditions has been designed and constructed. An effective simulation program capable of providing valuable thermodynamic information of the reaction system has been compiled. During this second project year, the modified experimental system for the laboratory catalytic reaction studies has been installed and temperature distribution profile inside the reactor has been characterized. Based on the experimental decomposition of H2S under both non-catalytic and catalytic conditions with the CoO-MoO3-alumina catalyst at moderate temperatures, around 550 C, further thermodynamic analyses of the theoretical conversion of H2S for various temperatures, pressures and ratios of H2S to CO2 were performed. A multistage reaction system was also considered. Results are presented. 47 refs., 51 figs., 7 tabs.

Download or read book Desulfurization of Hot Coal Gas written by Aysel T. Atimtay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and environmental requirements for advanced power generating systems demand the removal of corrosive and other sulfurous compounds from hot coal gas. After a brief account of the world energy resources and an overview of clean coal technologies, a review of regenerable metal oxide sorbents for cleaning the hot gas is provided. Zinc oxide, copper oxide, calcium oxide, manganese oxide based as well as supported and mixed metal oxide sorbents are treated. Performance analysis of these sorbents, effects of various parameters on the desulfurization efficiency, kinetics of sulfidation and regeneration reactions, sulfiding and regeneration mechanisms are discussed. Two chapters present recent results in the direct production of elemental sulfur from regeneration or SO2-rich gases.

Download or read book The Catalytic Conversion of the Organic Sulphur Compounds in Coal Gas to Hydrogen Sulphide written by Robert Dudley Moorhouse and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: