Download or read book Conversion of Cellulosic Wastes to Liquid Fuels written by James L. Kuester and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conversion of Cellulosic Wastes to Liquid Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current status and future plans for a project to convert waste cellulosic (biomass) materials to quality liquid hydrocarbon fuels is described. The basic approach is indirect liquefaction, i.e., thermal gasification followed by catalytic liquefaction. The indirect approach results in separation of the oxygen in the biomass feedstock, i.e., oxygenated compounds do not appear in the liquid hydrocarbon fuel product. The process is capable of accepting a wide variety of feedstocks. Potential products include medium quality gas, normal propanol, diesel fuel and/or high octane gasoline. A fluidized bed pyrolysis system is used for gasification. The pyrolyzer can be fluidized with recycle pyrolysis gas, steam or recycle liquefaction system off gas or some combination thereof. Tars are removed in a wet scrubber. Unseparated pyrolysis gases are utilized as feed to a modified Fischer-Tropsch reactor. The liquid condensate from the reactor consists of a normal propanol-water phase and a paraffinic hydrocarbon phase. The reactor can be operated to optimize for either product. The following tasks were specified in the statement of work for the contract period: (1) feedstock studies; (2) gasification system optimization; (3) waste stream characterization; and (4) liquid fuels synthesis. In addition, several equipment improvements were implemented.
Download or read book Conversion of Cellulosic Wastes to Oil written by Herbert Rudolph Appell and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanism of Conversion of Cellulosic Wastes to Liquid Fuels in Alkaline Solution written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conversion of cellulosic wastes into liquid oils is being practiced on a pilot plant scale at Albany, OR, but the fundamental chemistry of the process is poorly understood. We report our findings on the aqueous alkaline digestion of pure cellulose, on a laboratory scale, in a closely related system. Our intent is to elucidate the reaction mechanisms involved in oil and tar formation, and to identify products of potential value. A 30 wt % aqueous slurry of pure cellulose in up to 1.2 N alkali (sodium hydroxide or carbonate), heated to 350/sup 0/C over a 3.5 hour period showed a sharp discontinuity in heating rate at 265 to 270/sup 0/C, indicating the onset of a discrete liquefaction reaction not hitherto observed. A series of 129 autoclave experiments analyzed by statistical methods indicated that carbon monoxide, while it promotes the attainment of high yields as claimed by the Bureau of Mines, is not necessary for the reaction to proceed. Analysis of the products by /sup 13/C-NMR, GC/MS, and gel permeation chromatography indicated that the nonvolatile fraction of the oil consists of 44% aromatic carbon and 7% aromatic hydrogen, corresponding to a benzenoid polyaromatic with a substitution ratio of 5:1. However, oxygen content of the nonvolatile fraction and distillable oil is approximately the same. Since the oil contains a series of polyalkylated furans, this suggests that the char is a poly-furan rather than a conventional asphaltene derivative. Volatile products from the oil fraction consist of furans, cyclic ketones, linear and branched alkenes, and phenolics. The high proportion of phenolics relative to normal crude oil could explain the observed highly corrosive nature of the biomass-derived oils.
Download or read book Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels written by Abu Yousuf and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels explores the existing technologies and most recent developments for the production of second generation liquid biofuels, providing an introduction to lignocellulosic biomass and the processes for its conversion into biofuels. The book demonstrates biorefinery concepts compared with petro refinery, as well as the challenges of second generation biofuels processing. In addition to current pre-treatment techniques and their technical, environmental and economic implications, chapters included also further examine the particularities of conversion processes for bioethanol, biobutanol and biodiesel through chemical, biochemical and combined approaches. Finally, the book looks into concepts and tools for techno-economic and environmental analysis, which include supply chain assessment, by-products, zero-waste techniques and process evaluation and optimization. Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels is particularly useful for researchers in the field of liquid biofuels seeking alternative chemical and biochemical pathways or those interested advanced methods to calculate maximum yield for each process and methods to simulate the implications and costs of scaling up. Furthermore, with the introduction provided by this volume, researchers and graduate students entering the field will be able to quickly get up to speed and identify knowledge gaps in existing and upcoming technology the book’s comprehensive overview. Examines the state-of-the-art technology for liquid biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass Provides a comprehensive overview of the existing chemical and biochemical processes for second generation biofuel conversion Presents tools for the techno-economic and environmental analysis of technologies, as well as for the scale-up simulation of conversion processes
Download or read book Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals written by Anish Khan and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Volume 1: Biological Processes presents advanced and combined techniques that can be used to convert waste to energy, including combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion and fermentation. The book focuses on solid waste conversion to fuel and energy and presents the latest advances in the design, manufacture, and application of conversion technologies. Contributors from the fields of physics, chemistry, metallurgy, engineering and manufacturing present a truly trans-disciplinary picture of the field. Chapters cover important aspects surrounding the conversion of solid waste into fuel and chemicals, describing how valuable energy can be recouped from various waste materials. As huge volumes of solid waste are produced globally while huge amounts of energy are produced from fossil fuels, the technologies described in this comprehensive book provide the information necessary to pursue clean, sustainable power from waste material. Presents the latest advances in waste to energy techniques for converting solid waste to valuable fuel and energy Brings together contributors from physics, chemistry, metallurgy, engineering and the manufacturing industry Includes advanced techniques such as combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion and fermentation Goes far beyond municipal waste, including discussions on recouping valuable energy from a variety of industrial waste materials Describes how waste to energy technologies present an enormous opportunity for clean, sustainable energy
Download or read book Conversion of Cellulosic Wastes to Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels Progress Report January February 1981 written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following materials were processed thru gasification: sugarcane bagasse, smooth sumac, coralberry, wild bergamot, pokeweed, cornstarch, Portugese oak cork and hog fuel. A data summary is given. The high H2/CO ratio at low temperature for pokeweed is of significance (>T,>H2). Also the high olefin content of Portugese oak cork (commercial cork) is of major interest. The most promising feedstock to date with regard to synthesis gas composition has been guayule cork. A comparison of data for the two cork materials is given. A detailed breakdown for corn starch is given revealing an exceptionally high methane content (35.50 mole %). (MHR).
Download or read book Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-24 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transportation sector cannot continue on its current path: The volatility of oil prices threatens the U.S. economy, the large proportion of oil importation threatens U.S. energy security, and the massive contribution of greenhouse gases threatens the environment. The development of domestic sources of alternative transportation fuels with lower greenhouse emissions is now a national imperative. Coal and biomass are in abundant supply in the United States and can be converted to liquid fuels that can be combusted in existing and future vehicles. Their abundant supply makes them attractive candidates to provide non-oil-based liquid fuels to the U.S. transportation system. However, there are important questions about the economic viability, carbon impact, and technology status of these options. Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass provides a snapshot of the potential costs of liquid fuels from biomass by biochemical conversion and from biomass and coal by thermochemical conversion. Policy makers, investors, leaders in industry, the transportation sector, and others with a concern for the environment, economy, and energy security will look to this book as a roadmap to independence from foreign oil. With immediate action and sustained effort, alternative liquid fuels can be available in the 2020 time frame, if or when the nation needs them.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion written by R.P. Overend and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the world many projects have been underway to investigate the conversion of renewable biomass into energy and synthetic fuels by thermo chemical methods such as combustion, pyrolysis, gasification and lique faction. While many of these represent prior art used during the early 20th century, the recent decade since the 1970s oil shock has immeasurably increased the knowledge base for such processes. Much of the new knowledge has been gained by persons who were not trained in classical wood chemistry and there have not yet been many attempts to synthesize the knowledge into a corpus of systematic information. To bring this about the International Energy Agency's Forestry Energy collaboration, the Gas Research Institute, the National Research Council of Canada and the US Department of Energy jointly sponsored a conference on the Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion in Estes Park, Colorado which was held on October 18-22, 1982. The Conference, which was structured around invited plenary papers and contributions from researchers, served as the basis for the papers in this volume which reflect the substantial conclusions of the Conference. During the planning for the Conference, it was realized by the editors in their capacity as Co-chairmen that a major problem in biomass research was the lack of reproducibility between reported experiments and their inter comparison on account of the heterogeneity of biomass materials. A well known wood chemist, George M.
Download or read book Conversion of Cellulosic and Waste Polymer Material to Gasoline written by James L. Kuester and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book LIQUID FUEL DEVELOPMENTS written by Donald Lee Wise and published by Springer. This book was released on 1983-11-11 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Converting Organic Wastes to Oil written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Miscellaneous Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Energy and Nonfossil Fuel Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inventory of energy research and development 1973 1975 written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
