Download or read book Conventional Arms Export Policy of the Russian Federation written by Jacob P. Wilkins and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the late 1980's the Soviet Union embarked on a major revision of its arms export policy. Grant aid recipients gradually disappeared from delivery ledgers while Moscow pursued inroads into high profit, traditionally Western-dominated markets. The newly founded Russian Federation completed this reorientation, and announced in January 1992 that future contracts would be paid in hard currency. It was expected that sales revenues would be sufficient to both finance the conversion of Russia's immense arms industry to commercial production, and help alleviate the domestic hardships caused by President Yeltsin's sweeping economic reforms. These plans were frustrated by early failures in Yeltsin's conversion programs, the poor performance of Russian arms when competing with Western technology, and the unexpectedly severe domestic impact of reform. In a succession of policy changes Moscow has attempted to revitalize its arms trade. Barter has returned as an acceptable medium of payment, and Russia has acquiesced to the building of major arms plants abroad. More crucial to U.S. interests, export controls have been loosened considerably. Today Russian-produced weapons are sold by factory and design bureau representatives, various government agencies, the military and even international marketers. Profit has supplanted politics as the primary sales determinant, opening the door to outcast regimes in Iran and China. Moreover, export restrictions on many weapons types have been abandoned; high tech, offensively capable arms now dominate Russian sales. Unchecked, this escalating trend promises to surpass the proliferation seen during the high water mark of Soviet internationalism.

Download or read book Russia in the World Arms Trade written by Andrew J. Pierre and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight prominent Russian experts contribute to this unique Russian-American analysis of the state of Russia's arms industry and national export controls, as well as the strategic implications of Russian arms sales to China and clients in the Middle East. Since the early 1990s, Russia's once colossal defense-industrial complex has been in upheaval. Parts of the arms industry have collapsed, and hopes for conversion from military to civilian production have proven largely illusory. An aggressive arms-sales policy--seen as a panacea--has also met with mixed results. At the same time, turmoil in domestic politics and in the reform process has limited and slowed much-needed changes in the industry's organization, operations, decisionmaking, and controls over the export of arms and sensitive technologies. The authors examine these and other issues posed by Russia's participation in the world arms trade, weigh the chances of Russian-American discord over arms exports to rogue states as well as the possibilities for arms cooperation; discuss the prospects for Russia's expanded participation in multilateral arms restraint and international norm-setting, and offer policy proposals. The book evolved from discussions of the Russian-American working group on conventional arms proliferation convened by the co-editors at the Carnegie Endowment's Moscow Center.

Download or read book Russian Policy on Arms Sales written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Russian Arms Sales in the Age of Putin For Politics Or Profit Comprehensive Survey of Weapons Exports to China India Middle East Uae Egypt Iraq written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-16 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International arms sales are a useful tool in executing a country's economic and foreign policy strategy. As such, investigating the drivers behind these exports discloses a state's priorities. Since Vladimir Putin came to power, Russian arms sales have steadily increased in several geographic areas while Russo-American relations have gradually deteriorated. Therefore, as Putin seeks to foster global multi-polarity in order to challenge the American-dominated geopolitical world order, how is Russia conducting international arms sales and for what reasons? This thesis investigates Russian arms sales to China, India, and the Middle East in order to determine Putin's motives behind his export agenda. It focuses on analyzing the potential relationships of two main hypotheses: domestic economic factors and international political factors. This thesis argues that while Russian arms sales generated many domestic economic benefits, especially in the early years of Putin's presidency, international political factors provided the greater impetus behind Russia's export of military hardware. Specifically, Putin used arms sales to secure both influence and leverage with selected partners with the intent of developing a polycentric world, balancing the United States, and improving Russia's reputation as a great power. In conclusion, although Putin has achieved some gains from using arms exports as a foreign policy tool, the long-term benefits of his overall strategy are minimal. This thesis uses comparative case studies of three geopolitical regions as its backbone. East Asia, due to its geopolitical significance to the Russian Federation, is the initial region this study analyzes with China serving as the first case study. Russia shares a sizeable border with China, specifically the second longest border between Russia and any other country and the sixth longest border between any two countries in the world. Besides the tumultuous period during the Sino-Soviet Split of the 1960s, Russia and China have been strategic allies since the Chinese Communist Party's victory over the Nationalist Party in 1949, especially after the fall of the Soviet Union. China's rise as a regional power directly supports Putin's desire for polycentrism, otherwise understood as his belief in the "decline of the West and the rise of the rest." Given the recent economic sanctions and political hostilities between Russia and the West, China also serves as a natural geopolitical ally and economic outlet for Russian political and monetary capital. South Asia is also an important area in which to test hypotheses behind Russian foreign military sales. In this region, India is Russia's leading partner. Similar to China, India has been a long-time ally of both the Soviet Union and Russian Federation and is a part of the BRICS penta-state association (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). More important to the context of this thesis, India has been the biggest importer of Russian arms since the fall of the USSR. India is also involved in a continual dispute with its neighbor Pakistan over the Kashmir and Jammu region. Such turmoil ensures that India will desire to maintain a capable and technologically advanced military. India's need to balance the growing Chinese influence in the region also requires the deterrence factor of a robust and advanced military. Therefore, it serves as another market open to Russian military sales. The Middle East provides the third and final case study of this thesis.

Download or read book Arms Proliferation Policy written by Marcy Agmon and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 1996 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 1995 Presidential Executive Order established a board to advise the president on implementing a policy on conventional (nonnuclear) arms and technology transfer. The board was to study the factors that contribute to the proliferation of strategic and advanced conventional military weapons and technology and the policy options the United States might use to inhibit such proliferation. Shrinking federal budgets have made exports of all kinds, including weapons, an attractive means of shoring up a country's industrial base. The heart of the problem is striking a balance between the preservation of military production and a healthy industrial base on the one hand, and restraining exports that proliferate advanced weapons. Foreign policy, national security, and economic interests that are served by the approval or denial of weapons sales can be compelling, but often pull in different directions. Striking the right balance among cross-cutting priorities is the key to an effective weapons transfer policy. This report discusses trends in the international arms markets, how transfers of weapons and technology are controlled, the economics of arms exports, and the relationship between arms exports and a country's economy.

Download or read book Conventional Arms Transfer Policy and Markup of H Con Res 232 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security, and Science and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dangerous Weapons Desperate States written by Gary K. Bertsch and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the collapse of the USSR, fifteen fledgling sates inherited a massive Soviet arsenal, unstable political systems, and desperate economies. A "sell everything" mentality threatens to result in the largest arms bazaar in human history, and this potential "fire sale" includes weapons of mass destruction. This book addresses the challenges the new independent states (NIS) of the former Soviet Union (FSU) face in controlling and monitoring their sensitive, military-related exports.Dangerous Weapons, Desperate States explores the various theoretical approaches that help explain the development of nonproliferation export control systems in the NIS. The contributors, coming from both the FSU states and the US, provide a broad range of perspectives on the problems posed by the threat of proliferation.

Download or read book Russia and the Arms Trade written by Ian Anthony and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this study, a group of Russian authors were commissioned to describe and assess the arms trade policies and practices of Russia under new domestic and international conditions. The contributors, drawn from the government, industry, and academic communities, offer a wide range of reports on the political, military, economic, and industrial implications of Russian arms transfers, as well as specific case studies of key bilateral arms transfer relationships.

Download or read book U S Policy on Conventional Arms Transfers written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations, and Human Rights and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Arms Trade and Europe written by Paul Cornish and published by Burns & Oates. This book was released on 1995 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on conventional weapons, rather than nuclear, biological and chemical ones, this book draws attention to important differences, within the EU, between the trade in finished weapons and the technology used to make them. The book argues that, in current European and international circumstances, recent EU initiatives have limited prospects and may prove to be counterproductive.

Download or read book Russian arms transfers to East Asia in the 1990s written by Александр Анатольевич Сергунин and published by SIPRI Research Reports. This book was released on 1999 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transfer of arms and military technology is one of the main instruments of Russia's security strategy in East Asia. This research report documents Russia's arms exports to these countries and examines the motivations behind its policies and decisions.

Download or read book Dangerous Trade written by Jennifer Erickson and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations's groundbreaking Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), which went into effect in 2014, sets legally binding standards to regulate global arms exports and reflects the growing concerns toward the significant role that small and major conventional arms play in perpetuating human rights violations, conflict, and societal instability worldwide. Many countries that once staunchly opposed shared export controls and their perceived threat to political and economic autonomy are now beginning to embrace numerous agreements, such as the ATT and the EU Code of Conduct. Jennifer L. Erickson explores the reasons top arms-exporting democracies have put aside past sovereignty, security, and economic worries in favor of humanitarian arms transfer controls, and she follows the early effects of this about-face on export practice. She begins with a brief history of failed arms export control initiatives and then tracks arms transfer trends over time. Pinpointing the normative shifts in the 1990s that put humanitarian arms control on the table, she reveals that these states committed to these policies out of concern for their international reputations. She also highlights how arms trade scandals threaten domestic reputations and thus help improve compliance. Using statistical data and interviews conducted in France, Germany, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and the United States, Erickson challenges existing IR theories of state behavior while providing insight into the role of reputation as a social mechanism and the importance of government transparency and accountability in generating compliance with new norms and rules.

Download or read book Conventional Arms Transfer Policy and Markup of H Con Res 232 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security, and Science and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The International Arms Trade written by Rachel Stohl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-29 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multi-billion dollar business of the international conventional arms trade involves virtually every country in the world. Around the globe, people's lives are being irrevocably changed by the effects of guns, tanks, and missiles. These weapons have the potential to cause a deadly and current threat - one responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths a year. This succinct and accessible new book explores the complexities and realities of the global conventional weapons trade. The first book on the subject in nearly a decade, The International Arms Trade provides an engaging introduction to the trade, the effects, and the consequences of these weapons. The authors trace the history of the arms trade and examine how it has evolved since the end of the Cold War. In particular, they assess the role of the largest arms exporters and importers, the business of selling conventional arms around the world, and shed new light on the illicit arms trade and the shadowy dealers who profit from their deadly commerce. The book also looks closely at the devastating effect the business can have on countries, societies, and individuals and concludes with an evaluation of the various existing control strategies and the potential for future control opportunities. The International Arms Trade will be invaluable for students and scholars of international relations and security studies, and for policymakers and anyone interested in understanding more about the conventional arms trade.

Download or read book The Naval Arms Trade written by Ian Anthony and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a sober appraisal of the world trade in naval weapon systems at a time when recent attacks on merchant shipping in the Persian Gulf have kept maritime security at the centre of global attention. At the same time India, outside the international non-proliferation regime, has become the first-ever customer for a nuclear attack submarine. In 1987-88, the most expensive and controversial arms sales were related to naval systems, and yet while regional navies are busy increasing their firepower, the traditional naval powers remain dependent on their sea-borne trade. In particular the book highlights critical areas in which trade in naval systems differs from the sale of land or air systems, and it discusses the implications of these differences.

Download or read book The Transformation of Russian Military Doctrine written by Alekseĭ Georgievich Arbatov and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... Paper provides an authoritative analysis of national security thinking in Moscow, as well as some pointed suggestions on how to improve relations between Russia and the West. To assist readers who may want more details from official documents, as opposed to the opinions of an individual scholar and parliamentarian, we have also included extracts from the current Russian Military Doctrine and National Security Concept."--Forward.

Download or read book Russian Foreign Policy in Transition written by Andrew Melville and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-20 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a compilation of foreign policy documents and statements, harnessed together by a section of analytic works, this book seeks to highlight the shift in Russian foreign policy at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This compilation presents the work of formative scholars in this field who are concerned with the evolution of Russia Foreign policy thinking and behavior. This volume compiles critical documents and statements (treaties, addresses and articles) that deal with the formation of new conceptions of security in the New World order. The articles critically evaluate the implications of these new initiatives and lend insight to these documents and statements in practice. They address a wide range of topics from the crisis in Kosovo to domestic Russian policy, with an eye to the future of Russian policy.