Download or read book Controls on the Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs to Benthic Invertebrates in Marine Sediments written by Aaron Joshua Rust and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Partitioning and Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Sediments written by Amy E. Vinturella and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PAHs written by Peter E. T. Douben and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-25 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polyarenes, are one of the largest and most structurally diverse class of organic molecules known. High percentages of polyarenes, representing a wide range of molecular sizes and structural types, are present in coal tars and petroleum residues. The major sources of PAHs are crude oil, coal and oil shale. The fuels produced from these fossil sources constitute the primary source of energy for the industrial nations of the world, and the petrochemicals from these raw materials are the basis of the synthetic fibre and plastics industries. PAHs are however, widespread pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health must be monitored and controlled. This book will review and assess our scientific understanding of the ecological exposure and effects PAHs have in different environments and habitats. It will accomplish this by taking the recipients of the pollution in the environment as starting points and working its way back through pathways to access what is required for our understanding of effects and rationale for control. Although this book will concentrate on ecological exposure of PAHs, the general impacts of PAHs on human populations will be touched upon. It is thought to be the first book to focus on the ecological aspects of PAHs.
Download or read book Petrogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment Analysis Synthesis Toxicity and Environmental Impact written by Daniela M. Pampanin and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017-04-07 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although a lot is known about the influence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the marine environment, there are still many unanswered questions. Petrogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment is a monograph that sums up basic knowledge about this topic while highlighting current research practices useful in studying the aquatic environment. It starts with an introduction to effect of PAH in the marine environment. It then proceeds to provide information on techniques to monitor PAH levels and investigate the affected environment in order to control the subsequent negative effects. Chapters also detail the carcinogenic and endocrine effects of PAHs on fish as well as the degradation of PAHs by microorganisms. This monograph is a useful reference for environmental science students and professionals learning about the role of PAH in the marine environment.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bottom Sediment and Bioavailability in Streams in the New River Gorge National River and Gauley River National Recreation Area West Virginia 2002 written by Terence Messinger and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment written by Usha Varanasi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989-03-31 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how the biological transport, bioaccumulation, disposition, and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the aquatic environment are influenced by the ability or inability of organisms to metabolize these environmental pollutants. Written by leading scientists in the fields of PAH metabolism and toxicity in both aquatic and mammalian systems, this book discusses recent advances in the areas of PAH biogeochemistry and bioaccumulation, microbial degradation, enzymes of activation, and detoxication, metabolism of PAH, and laboratory and field studies on carcinogenic/toxic effects. Additionally, important similarities and differences in metabolism of PAH by aquatic and terrestrial organisms are featured. The discussion of bioavailability, metabolism, and subsequent toxic effects should aid in the assessment of the ecological consequences of PAH in the aquatic environment.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Bioavailability in Contaminated Soils and Sediments written by Joseph Paul Kreitinger and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioaccumulation and Food Chain Transfer of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals A Laboratory and Field Investigation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extent to which heavy metals and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) may be transferred up the food chain from sediments to benthic invertebrates and then on to fish species was examined using both laboratory and field techniques. PAHs were shown to bioaccumulate in a chironomid invertebrate (chironomus riparius) to relatively high levels depending on the specific compound. Accumulation in a fish specie (Lepomis macrochirus) that was fed contaminated chironomids was found to be generally low. Mobilization of PAHs from sediments into water was affected by benthic organisms enhancing the bioavailability of these contaminants to other organisms. In field studies, certain benthic invertebrates and abiotic sediment components were also shown to accumulate heavy metals. This metal accumulation persisted even when metal concentrations in the water were diminishing.
Download or read book Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment and have been shown to elicit toxicity in humans and other organisms. Therefore, it is important to monitor environmental concentrations of PAHs. Toxicologically, we are concerned not only with the total PAH concentration but, with that fraction available to partition into an organism (bioavailable fraction). This research fits within three areas concerning bioavailability of PAHs including; 1) development of methods to measure bioavailability in the field, 2) identification and characterization of mechanisms controlling bioavailability and, 3) development of models to predict bioavailability in the natural environment. In the first phase of this research, the role of black carbon (BC) in the bioavailability of PAHs in soil and sediment was examined by measuring sorption in systems containing BC, natural organic matter (NOM), and microorganisms. A model was developed to predict the bioavailable fraction of PAHs and factors that may alter sorption in the natural environment from that predicted by laboratory models were examined. In the second phase of this research, a novel passive sampling device was developed to monitor truly dissolved PAH concentrations in water. Sorption isotherms of pyrene-d10 were measured for diesel soot (DS), Suwannee River NOM, Leonardite humic acids (HA), DS previously exposed to NOM and HA, in binary systems containing both DS and NOM, and to DS exposed to lake water. When DS was previously exposed to NOM, competition for sorption sites was observed. However, when both pyrene-d10 and NOM were introduced to DS simultaneously, less competition occurred and sorption was predicted within 92% of observed values using additive sorption models (based on the unit-normalized Freundlich model and Polyani-Dubinin-Manes model). Weathering of DS significantly reduced adsorption capacity but many strong sorption sites still remained, possibly due to renewal of sorption sites b.
Download or read book Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs from Surficial Lake Erie Sediments written by Scott William Pickard and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Download or read book Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Sediments written by Kyari Yates and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorobiphenyls(CBs) in sediments is largely dependent on the freely dissolved concentration of thesepollutants. However, measuring these is challenging, due to the low concentrations oflipophilic contaminants in the environment and their strong affinity for particles and fortraditional sampling (filtration and centrifugation) equipment. An equilibrium passivesampling device made of silicone rubber was developed in this research to measure thefreely dissolved concentrations of lipophilic contaminants and other parameters (waterextractable proportions and sediment-water partition coefficients) that describe theavailability of these contaminants in the environment. Equilibration between sampler and sediment for PAHs and CBs was found to beadequately achieved after 20 days shaking of a silicone rubber sampler in sediment slurryon an orbital shaker at 200 rpm. The reproducibility of uptake was better than 5 %. Silicone rubber-water partition coefficients for 34 PAHs and 32 CBs were measured in thelaboratory using a co-solvent method using methanol as co solvent. Strong linearcorrelations of log sr w K, with octanol-water partition coefficients (log ow K)(log 0.97 log 0.01; 2 0.94, K = K? r = sr w ow & log 1.17 log 1.82; 2 0.90, K = K? r = sr w ow) werefound for PAHs and CBs, with a systematic difference in correlations observed for thedifferent classes of compounds which was attributed to structural differences of thecompounds. The silicone rubber samplers were then used to measure concentrations of PAHs in thepore water of sediments from the Fladen Ground of the North Sea, Loch Shell, Firth ofForth, Firth of Clyde, Loch Etive and Aberdeen Harbour in Scotland and the Vefsn fjord, Norway. A proportion of the PAHs were found to be unavailable for exchange into theaqueous phase, and this was reflected in the high log oc K measured in all the sedimentsstudied. The sediment-water partition coefficients also correlated positively with theoctanol-water partition coefficients. Accumulation of PAHs in Nereis virens fromsediments was better predicted from literature bio concentration factors and pore waterconcentrations obtained using the silicone rubber samplers than from sedimentconcentrations traditionally used in risk assessments. Participation in an International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) passivesampling trial survey using silicone rubber in sediments and water is described, anddemonstrated the potential of passive sampling in monitoring environmental pollution. Thelog BCF (bio concentration factor) for PAHs in mussels increased with increasing log ow Kat both Loch Etive and Aberdeen Harbour locations, and could be used to estimateconcentrations in mussels directly. The survey data also showed the use of silicone rubberin assessing the diffusive exchange of PAHs across sediment-water interfaces.
Download or read book Evaluation of Field generated Accumulation Factors for Predicting the Bioaccumulation Potential of Sediment associated PAH Compounds written by Victor A. McFarland and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment contamination is a widespread environmental problem that can potentially pose a threat to a variety of aquatic ecosystems. The sediment test methods in this manual will be used by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to make decisions under a range of statutory authorities concerning such issues as: dredged material disposal, registration of pesticides and toxic substances, superfound site assessment, and assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The use of uniform sediment testing procedures by USEPA programs is expected to increase data accuracy and precision, facilitate test replication, increase the comparative value of test results, and ultimately, increase the efficiency of regulatory processes requiring sediment tests.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment written by Jerry M. Neff and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
