Download or read book Action Control written by Julius Kuhl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is not thought as such that can move anything, but thought which is for the sake of something and is practical." This discerning insight, which dates back more than 2000years to Aristotle, seems to have been ignored by most psycholo gists. For more than 40years theories of human action have assumed that cogni tion and action are merely two sides of the same coin. Approaches as different as S-O-R behaviorism,social learning theory, consistency theories,and expectancy value theories of motivation and decision making have one thing in common: they all assume that "thought (or any other type of cognition) can move any thing," that there is a direct path from cognition to behavior. In recent years, we have become more and more aware of the complexities in volved in the relationship between cognition and behavior. People do not always do what they intend to do. Aside from several nonpsychological factors capable of reducing cognition-behavior consistency, there seems to be a set of complex psychological mechanisms which intervene between action-related cognitions, such as beliefs, expectancies, values, and intentions,and the enactment of the be havior suggested by those cognitions. In our recent research we have focused on volitional mechanismus which presumably enhance cognition-behavior consistency by supporting the main tenance of activated intentions and prevent them from being pushed aside by competing action tendencies.
Download or read book Memory and Control of Action written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory and Control of Action
Download or read book Personal Control in Action written by Miroslaw Kofta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new study presents exciting international research developments on personal control and self-regulation. Each chapter examines the subject at a different level of analysis to foster a complete understanding. Brief synopses of each chapter are provided as introductions to the three major sections of the book. These sections cover the person as an agent of control, affective and cognitive mechanisms of executive agency, and reactions to threatened control.
Download or read book Motivation Intention and Volition written by Frank Halisch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Honor of Professor Dr.Dr. h.c. Heinz Heinzhausen's 60th Birthday
Download or read book Referent control of action and perception written by Anatol G. Feldman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical data on neural control of motor action and perception have not yet been put into the context of a coherent theory. Dr. Feldman's goal for the proposed book is to illustrate that the field is now at a stage where the data can be used to formulate some core principles that underlie action and perception and to present the foundation of a scientific theory of motor control. Dr. Feldman is a well-known expert and has been active in the field for a long time. In the proposed book he will outline an approach to the analysis of action and perception that he and his colleagues have been using for the past 50 years or so. His theoretical approach will not only help to explain past empirical research, but should also help to inform and provide a structure for future empirical studies.
Download or read book Human Action Control written by Bernhard Hommel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-02 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction into the areas of human action planning and action control. It discusses the basic theoretical issues and questions in understanding the planning and control of human goal-directed action. The authors begin by presenting an integrative theoretical framework and the neurobiological foundations of action planning and execution. Subsequent chapters discuss how goals are represented and how they guide action control; how perception and action interact; how simple and complex actions are selected and planned; how multitasking works; and how actions are monitored. Topics of interest include: stimulus-triggered selections, rule-based selections, intentional action selections, and intuitive decision-making. Human Action Control is a must-have resource for advanced undergraduates, graduates, and doctorate students in cognitive psychology and related areas, such as the cognitive neurosciences, and developmental and social psychology.
Download or read book Anticipation and the control of voluntary action written by Dorit Wenke and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major hallmark in the adaptive control of voluntary action is the ability to anticipate short and long term future events. Anticipation in its various forms is an important prerequisite for (higher order) cognitive abilities such as planning, reasoning and the pursuit of both immediate goals and long-term goals that may even stand in opposition to immediate desires and needs (e.g., to invest in pension funds). Therefore, it is not surprising that diverse and rather independent research lines have evolved, all somehow targeting various anticipatory capacities that are involved in the control of voluntary action and thus, contribute to the uniqueness of human goal-directed behavior. For example, prediction of the incentive value of action outcomes drives goal-directed instrumental behavior (e.g., Dickinson & Balleine, 2000; Rushworth & Behrens, 2008). Similarly, the Ideo-Motor Principle assumes that actions are selected and activated by the mere anticipation of the sensory experience they produce (e.g., James, 1890; Prinz, 1990). Furthermore, the degree of match between intended, anticipated and actual action effects has been proposed to be a major determinant of motor programming and online action corrections (Jeannerod, 1981), motor learning (e.g., Wolpert, Diedrichsen, & Flanagan, 2011), and the subjective sense of causing and controlling an action and its effects (Sense of Agency; e.g., Abell, Happé, & Frith, 2000). The role of anticipation in the control of voluntary action, however, goes far beyond the anticipation of immediate action effects and desired goals. For instance, pre-cues and alerting signals are used for advance preparation of what to do (e.g., Meiran, 1996), when to act or expect an event onset (e.g., Callejas, Lupianez, & Tudela, 2004; Los & van der Heuvel, 2001; Nobre & Coull, 2010) and to anticipate conflict (e.g., Correa, Rao, & Nobre, 2009). Voluntary action is influenced by the anticipation and prediction of mental effort in task processing (e.g., Song & Schwarz, 2008). In addition, the anticipation of long-term future social consequences (e.g., expected aloneness) has been shown to affect cognitive mechanisms involved in logic and reasoning (e.g., Baumeister, Twenge, & Nuss, 2002). Last but not least, learning of statistical contingencies (e.g., conflict frequency) leads to the anticipation and prediction of context-specific executive control requirements (e.g., Crump, Gong, & Milliken, 2006, Dreisbach & Haider, 2006). The aim of the present Research Topic is to provide a platform that offers the possibility of cross-fertilization and enhanced visibility among to date rather segregated research lines.
Download or read book Consciousness and Action Control written by T. Andrew Poehlman and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic nuts and bolts underlying human behavior remain mysterious from a scientific point of view. Everyday acts — naming an object, suppressing the urge to say something, or grabbing a waiter’s attention with a “cappuccino, please” — remain difficult to understand from a mechanistic standpoint. Despite these challenges, research has begun to illuminate, not only the basic processes underlying human action production, but the role of conscious processing in the control of behavior. This Research Topic, “Consciousness and the Control of Action,” is devoted to surveying and synthesizing these developments from disparate fields of study.
Download or read book Multisensory Integration in Action Control written by Jochen Musseler and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integration of multisensory information is an essential mechanism in perception and in controlling actions. Research in multisensory integration is concerned with how the information from the different sensory modalities, such as the senses of vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and proprioception, are integrated to a coherent representation of objects. Multisensory integration is central for action control. For instance, when you grasp for a rubber duck, you can see its size and hear the sound it produces. Moreover, identical physical properties of an object can be provided by different senses. You can both see and feel the size of the rubber duck. Even when you grasp for the rubber duck with a tool (e.g. with tongs), the information from the hand, from the effect points of the tool and from the eyes are integrated in a manner to act successfully. Over the recent decade a surge of interest in multisensory integration and action control has been witnessed, especially in connection with the idea that multiple sensory sources are integrated in an optimized way. For this perspective to mature, it will be helpful to delve deeper into the information processing mechanisms and their neural correlates, asking about the range and constraints of this mechanisms, about its localization and involved networks.
Download or read book Modularity in Motor Control From Muscle Synergies to Cognitive Action Representation written by Andrea d'Avella and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mastering a rich repertoire of motor behaviors, as humans and other animals do, is a surprising and still poorly understood outcome of evolution, development, and learning. Many degrees-of-freedom, non-linear dynamics, and sensory delays provide formidable challenges for controlling even simple actions. Modularity as a functional element, both structural and computational, of a control architecture might be the key organizational principle that the central nervous system employs for achieving versatility and adaptability in motor control. Recent investigations of muscle synergies, motor primitives, compositionality, basic action concepts, and related work in machine learning have contributed to advance, at different levels, our understanding of the modular architecture underlying rich motor behaviors. However, the existence and nature of the modules in the control architecture is far from settled. For instance, regularity and low-dimensionality in the motor output are often taken as an indication of modularity but could they simply be a byproduct of optimization and task constraints? Moreover, what are the relationships between modules at different levels, such as muscle synergies, kinematic invariants, and basic action concepts? One important reason for the new interest in understanding modularity in motor control from different viewpoints is the impressive development in cognitive robotics. In comparison to animals and humans, the motor skills of today’s best robots are limited and inflexible. However, robot technology is maturing to the point at which it can start approximating a reasonable spectrum of isolated perceptual, cognitive, and motor capabilities. These advances allow researchers to explore how these motor, sensory and cognitive functions might be integrated into meaningful architectures and to test their functional limits. Such systems provide a new test bed to explore different concepts of modularity and to address the interaction between motor and cognitive processes experimentally. Thus, the goal of this Research Topic is to review, compare, and debate theoretical and experimental investigations of the modular organization of the motor control system at different levels. By bringing together researchers seeking to understand the building blocks for coordinating many muscles, for planning endpoint and joint trajectories, and for representing motor and behavioral actions in memory we aim at promoting new interactions between often disconnected research areas and approaches and at providing a broad perspective on the idea of modularity in motor control. We welcome original research, methodological, theoretical, review, and perspective contributions from behavioral, system, and computational motor neuroscience research, cognitive psychology, and cognitive robotics.
Download or read book Volition and Personality written by Julius Kuhl and published by Seattle, WA ; Toronto : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. This book was released on 1994 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an impressive book, which presents a profoundly new approach to analyzing human behavior. The fundamental concept is to focus on how people link motivation with action and why they do or do not stick with their original intentions. The fascinating studies reported here attempt to separate people into two groups: (1) State-oriented individuals who focus under stress on past, present, or future states, rather than on options available for action; versus (2) Action-oriented individuals who focus under stress on action alternatives. This book will be of great interest to both behavioral and cognitive psychologists, psychophysiologists, and specialists in sport as well as aviation psychology.
Download or read book Knowledge and Action written by Peter Meusburger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores interdependencies between knowledge, action, and space from different interdisciplinary perspectives. Some of the contributors discuss knowledge as a social construct based on collective action, while others look at knowledge as an individual capacity for action. The chapters contain theoretical frameworks as well as experimental outcomes. Readers will gain insight into key questions such as: How does knowledge function as a prerequisite for action? Why are knowledge gaps growing and not diminishing in a knowledge society? How much knowledge is necessary for action? How do various types of knowledge influence the steps from cognition to action? How do different representations of knowledge shape action? What impact have spatial conditions for the formation of knowledge? What is the relationship between social and geographical space? The contributors consider rationality in social and economic theories as well as in everyday life. Attention is also given to action theoretic approaches and rationality from the viewpoints of psychology, post-structuralism, and human geography, making this an attractive book for students, researchers and academics of various backgrounds. This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Download or read book Consciousness and Self Regulation written by Gary Schwartz and published by Springer. This book was released on 1978 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volumes 2 and 3.
Download or read book The Global Action for Fall Armyworm Control Action framework 2020 2022 written by FAO and published by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fall armyworm (FAW), or Spodoptera frugiperda, is a plant pest originating in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Over the last few years, FAW has rapidly spread around Africa, Asia and and, most recently, Oceania. Concerted action is essential to prevent this pest from threatening the food security and livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers. FAO’s new initiative, the Global Action for Fall Armyworm Control, aims to mobilize USD 500 million over three years, from 2020 to 2022, for radical, direct and coordinated measures to strengthen monitoring and pest control capacities at global level. FAO developed its Global Action to improve food security and the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers, and reduce environmental pollution through sustainable management and control of FAW. To achieve this, the Global Action will ensure a strong, coordinated approach at country, regional and global levels to massively scale up current worldwide efforts against FAW through multiple mechanisms, such as Farmer Field Schools, partnerships with research institutions and the private sector, South–South Cooperation, regional and national plant protection organizations, and specific national FAW task forces. The Global Action has three key objectives: 1. enhance global, regional, national and farmer-level coordination and collaboration on FAW control, leading to implementation of ecosystem-friendly Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices and policies; 2. reduce crop yield losses caused by FAW; and 3. reduce the risk of further spread of FAW to new areas.
Download or read book Community Action Guidebook for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control written by Mel D. Powell and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Development of Timing Control and Temporal Organization in Coordinated Action written by J. Fagard and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-09-30 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the development of timing in coordinated action from several different ontogenetic perspectives. Some chapters emphasize the qualitative changes in manifest motor behavior during the early growth years and examine the relation between temporal characteristics of pre- and perinatal movements and goal directed actions with qualitatively different rules of temporal organization. Other contributors stress the developmentally invariant timing characteristics of species-typical and perhaps genetically programmed motor patterns of nonhuman organisms.Also examined is the molecular machinery that generates circumscribed motor patterns with stable temporal characteristics, as well as the reversible influences of peripheral feedback on and the interactions among discrete pattern generators. Despite their basic theoretical differences, both formulations imply the same generic hypothesis: that the temporal characteristics of manifest movement or action are controlled by central agencies acting on the peripheral skeleto-muscular system in a hierarchic top-down mode.
Download or read book Human Action Control written by Bernhard Hommel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction into the areas of human action planning and action control. It discusses the basic theoretical issues and questions in understanding the planning and control of human goal-directed action. The authors begin by presenting an integrative theoretical framework and the neurobiological foundations of action planning and execution. Subsequent chapters discuss how goals are represented and how they guide action control; how perception and action interact; how simple and complex actions are selected and planned; how multitasking works; and how actions are monitored. Topics of interest include: stimulus-triggered selections, rule-based selections, intentional action selections, and intuitive decision-making. Human Action Control is a must-have resource for advanced undergraduates, graduates, and doctorate students in cognitive psychology and related areas, such as the cognitive neurosciences, and developmental and social psychology.
