Download or read book Continuous Aqueous Tritium Monitoring written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Continuous Aqueous Tritium Monitor written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An apparatus for a selective on-line determination of aqueous tritium concentration is disclosed. A moist air stream of the liquid solution being analyzed is passed through a permeation dryer where the tritium and moisture and selectively removed to a purge air stream. The purge air stream is then analyzed for tritium concentration, humidity, and temperature, which allows computation of liquid tritium concentration.
Download or read book Real time Aqueous Tritium Monitor Using Liquid Scintillation Counting written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ability to continuously monitor low-level tritium releases in aqueous effluents is of particular interest to heavy water facilities such as those at the Savannah River Site (SRS) and Canadian CANDU reactors. SRS developed a real-time monitoring system based on flow-through liquid scintillation (LS) counting. Sensitivities of 16 pCi/mL and 1 pCi/mL result from five minute and daily averages of counting data respectively. This sensitivity is about 200 times better than similar methods using solid scintillants. The LS system features uncomplicated sample pretreatment, precise of the cocktail and sample water, system features uncomplicated sample pretreatment, precise proportioning of the cocktail and sample water, on-line quench corrections, cocktail consumption as low as 0.15 mL/min, and response to changes in environmental tritium is less than 30 minutes. Field tests demonstrate that conditions necessary for stable analytical results are achieved.
Download or read book Tritium Monitor written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A system for continuously monitoring the concentration of tritium in an aqueous stream. The system pumps a sample of the stream to magnesium-filled combustion tube which reduces the sample to extract hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas is then sent to an isotope separation device where it is separated into two groups of isotopes: a first group of isotopes containing concentrations of deuterium and tritium, and a second group of isotopes having substantially no deuterium and tritium. The first group of isotopes containing concentrations of deuterium and tritium is then passed through a tritium detector that produces an output proportional to the concentration of tritium detected. Preferably, the detection system also includes the necessary automation and data collection equipment and instrumentation for continuously monitoring an aqueous stream.
Download or read book Development of Aqueous Tritium Effluent Monitor U written by K. J. Hofstetter and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Tritium Analysis Techniques for a Continuous Tritium Monitor written by Steven Joseph Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Physics Bibliography on Tritium written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Continuous Tritium Monitor for Nuclear Facility Off gas Streams written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Continuous Tritium Effluent Water Monitor at the Savannah River Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A continuous monitor for tritium in water has been installed in the secondary cooling water effluent from the K-Reactor at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The monitor is designed to provide early detection of a small leak of the tritiated heavy water moderator and facilitate rapid isolation procedures. The tritium detector consists of an analysis cell containing 0.1--0.25 mm diameter beads of plastic scintillator interposed between two photomultiplier tubes and standard fast-slow coincidence electronics. A small portion of the effluent stream is first filtered through a series of cartridge filters (0.2 [mu]m final filter) and then chemically treated by ion exchange resin and activated charcoal before reaching the cell. Flow through the detector is [approx]3 mL/min. The tritium effluent water monitor (TEWM) will alarm if the tritium in the outfall exceeds 56 Bq/mL during a 10 minute counting interval. The installation and performance of the TEWM are discussed.
Download or read book A continuous tritium monitor for nuclear facility off gas streams written by S. J. Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equipment for continuous monitoring of radioactivity in gaseous effluents part 5 specific requirements for tritium monitors written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tritium Monitoring in Natural Waters Interlaboratory Comparison Program Results for Round Two written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A round-robin interlaboratory comparison program to monitor tritium in natural waters has been established. Currently, five independent laboratories are participating in this round-robin program. Tritium standards are prepared by one of the laboratory participants and analyzed by the other participants in each round of the round-robin. This report encompasses the results of the set of standards prepared by the Radiation Analytical Sciences Section of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for the second round of this enriched tritium intercomparison program. Two aqueous tritium standard solutions, A and B, were prepared by sequential dilution of a National Institute of Standards and Technology [sup 3]H standard. The concentrations of the standards solutions, A and B, were 147 [plus-minus]16 pCi/L[sup 3]H and 444[plus-minus]31 pCi/L[sup 3]H, respectively (2[sigma] uncertainty). One blank solution was also prepared. The standards and blank were prepared using water collected from the Nevada Test Site Potable Water Well 4. This well is known to contain only trace amounts of tritium. The participating laboratories measured the [sup 3]H in standards A and B and blanks by liquid scintillation counting after distillation and electrolytic enrichment or directly via [sup 3]He mass spectrometry. The results reported for standards A and B are within the 2[sigma] uncertainties of the known values. These excellent results reflect the quality of the techniques employed.
Download or read book Nuclear Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 1328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tritium Control Technology written by P. H. Lamberger and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Continuous Monitors for Tritium in Sodium Coolant and Cover Gas of an LMFBR written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous monitors for tritium in the sodium coolant and the cover gas of a fast breeder reactor have been developed. The sensor for the monitors consists of a thin nickel membrane which permits the diffusion of tritium into an argon sweep gas containing 1 to 5% hydrogen. The tritium content of the sweep gas leaving the sensor is determined by disintegration-rate counting in an ionization chamber. The monitors for sodium are sensitive to 0.04 nCi of tritium/ g of sodium (1 curie = 2.06 x 10/sup 19/ atoms of tritium); for the cover gas monitors, the sensitivity level is 0.6 x 10/sup 11/ atoms of tritium/liter of gas. For comparison, the typical tritium content of the primary sodium in EBR-II is 50 nCi/g, and in the primary cover gas it is 3 x 10/sup 12/ atoms/liter. 12 references. (auth).
Download or read book Continuous tritium Carbon 14 Iodine 129 and Krypton 85 monitor for nuclear facility off gas written by L. P. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tritium Monitoring of Groundwater and Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are numerous facilities, both within the US and in the rest of the world, within the complex of radiation laboratories and production plants where tritium has been released into the environment because of historic or ongoing mission-related operations. Many of environmental restoration projects have detected low levels of tritium contamination in local streams, ponds, and/or ground water. Typically these waters are moving or have the potential to move offsite and are viewed as a potential risk to the public and environment. Los Alamos National Laboratory will modify the well-proven long-range alpha detection (LRAD) technique for detection of ionizing radiation to optimize a system for detecting tritium in groundwater and other surfaces. The LRAD technique relies on detection of ionized air molecules rather than direct detection of ionizing radiation. The detected electrical current is proportional to the number of ionized air molecules present, which is in turn a measure of the amount of contamination present. Although this technique has been used commercially to measure alpha contamination on objects and surfaces, the technique is also ideal for monitoring low-energy beta particles. The authors have demonstrated beta detection using 54Mn, 14C, 147Pm, 99Tc, 9°Sr, and 36Cl sources. Thus, the detector technology and detection of beta particles using this technology have both been demonstrated. The extreme short range of tritium beta particles necessitates an optimization of the detector system. In this paper, the authors will discuss these new designs.
