Download or read book Continents and Supercontinents written by John J. W. Rogers and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-16 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To this day, there is a great amount of controversy about where, when and how the so-called supercontinents--Pangea, Godwana, Rodinia, and Columbia--were made and broken. Continents and Supercontinents frames that controversy by giving all the necessary background on how continental crust is formed, modified, and destroyed, and what forces move plates. It also discusses how these processes affect the composition of seawater, climate, and the evolution of life. Rogers and Santosh begin with a survey of plate tectonics, and go on to describe the composition, production, and destruction of continental and oceanic crust, and show that cratons or assemblies of cratons became the first true continents, approximately one billion years after the earliest continental crust evolved. The middle part of the book concentrates on supercontinents, beginning with a discussion of types of orogenic belts, distinguishing those that formed by closure of an ocean basin within the belt and those that formed by intracontinental deformation caused by stresses generated elsewhere. This information permits discrimination between models of supercontinent formation by accretion of numerous small terranes and by reorganization of large old continental blocks. This background leads to a description of the assembly and fragmentation of supercontinents throughout earth history. The record is most difficult to interpret for the oldest supercontinent, Columbia, and also controversial for Rodinia, the next youngest supercontinent. The configurations and pattern of breakup of Gondwana and Pangea are well known, but some aspects of their assembly are unclear. The book also briefly describes the histories of continents after the breakup of Pangea, and discusses how changes in the composition of seawater, climate, and life may have been affected by the sizes and locations of continents and supercontinents.

Download or read book Examining Evolutionary Trends in Equus and its Close Relatives from Five Continents written by Raymond Louis Bernor and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolution of the horse has been an often-cited primary example of evolution, as well as one of the classic and important stories in paleontology for over a century and a half, due to their rich fossil record across 5 continents: North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The recent horse has served a profound role in human ancestry, including agriculture, commerce, sport, transport, warfare, and in prehistory, for the subsistence of humans. Many studies have examined the evolution of the Equidae and chronicled the striking changes in skulls, dentition, limbs, and body size which have long been perceived to be a response to environmental shifts through time. Most comprehensive studies heretofore have: (1) focused on the “Great Transformation”- changes that occurred in the early Miocene, (2) involved tracking long-term diversity or paleoecological trends on a single continent or within a geographical locality, or (3) concentrated on the 3-toed hipparions. The Plio–Pleistocene evolutionary stage of horse evolution is punctuated by the great climatic fluctuations of the Quaternary beginning 2.6 Ma which influenced Equus evolution, biogeographic dispersion and adaptation on a nearly global scale. The evolutionary biology of Equus evolution across its entire range remains relatively poorly understood and often highly controversial. Some of this lack of understanding is due to assumptions that have arisen because of the relatively derived craniodental and postcranial anatomy of Equus and its close relatives which has seemed to imply that that these forms occupied relatively homogenous and narrow dietary and locomotor niches - notions that have not been adequately addressed and rigorously tested. Other challenges have revolved around teasing apart environmentally-driven adaptation versus phylogenetically defined morphological change. Geochronologic age control of localities, geographic provinces and continents has improved, but in no way is absolute and can be reexamined in our proposed volume. Temporal resolution for paleodietary, paleohabitat and paleoecological interpretations are also challenging for understanding the evolution of Equus. Our proposed volume attempts to assemble a group of experts who will address multiple dimensions of Equus’ evolution in time and space.

Download or read book Continent written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Information and directions for travellers on the Continent Fifth edition with considerable additions written by Mariana STARKE and published by . This book was released on 1824 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geochemistry of Earth Surface Systems written by Heinrich D Holland and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-09-27 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geochemistry of Earth Surface Systems offers an interdisciplinary reference for scientists, researchers and upper undergraduate and graduate level geochemistry students a sampling of articles on earth surface processes from The Treatise on Geochemistry that is more affordable than the full Treatise. For professionals, this volume will provide an overview of the field as a whole. For students, it will provide more in-depth introductory content than is found in broad-based geochemistry textbooks. Articles were selected from chapters across all volumes of the full Treatise, and include: Volcanic Degassing, Hydrothermal Processes, The Contemporary Carbon Cycle, Global Occurrence of Major Elements in Rivers, Organic Matter in the Contemporary Ocean, The Biological Pump, and Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks. Comprehensive, interdisciplinary and authoritative content selected by leading subject experts Robust illustrations, figures and tables Affordably priced sampling of content from the full Treatise on Geochemistry

Download or read book Information and Directions for Travellers on the Continent written by Mariana Starke and published by . This book was released on 1826 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geology and Geophysics of an Arc continent Collision Taiwan written by Timothy Briggs Byrne and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Our Continent written by Albion Winegar Tourgée and published by . This book was released on 1882 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Our Continent written by and published by . This book was released on 1882 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Continent written by Albion W. Tourgée and published by . This book was released on 1882 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins written by Kon-Kee Liu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-11 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a product of the joint JGOFS (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study)/LOICZ (Land–Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone) Continental Margins Task Team which was established to facilitate continental margins research in the two projects. It contains signi cant information on the physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystems of continental margins nationally and regionally and provides a very valuable synthesis of this information and the physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem processes which occur on continental margins. The publication of this book is timely as it provides a very strong foundation for the development of the joint IMBER (Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems Research)/LOICZ Science Plan and Implemen- tion Strategy for biogeochemical and ecosystems research in the continental margins and the impacts of global change on these systems. This initiative will move forward integrated biogeochemical and ecosystems research in the continental margins. We thank all the contributors to this volume and especially Kon-Kee Liu who has dedicated a great deal of time to ensuring a high-quality book is published. IMBER Scienti c Steering Committee Julie Hall LOICZ Scienti c Steering Committee Jozef Pacyna v 1 Preface In general, interfaces between the Earth’s larger material reservoirs (i. e. , the land, atmosphere, ocean, and sediments) are important in the control of the biogeoche- cal dynamics and cycling of the major bio-essential elements, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and silicon (Si), found in organic matter and the inorganic skeletons, shells, and tests of benthic and marine organisms.

Download or read book General Knowledge 2022 written by Manohar Pandey and published by Arihant Publications India limited. This book was released on 2021-04-08 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. General Knowledge 2021 is a compact version of all current events of the whole year. 2. Divided into 5 Key Sections; History, Geography, Indian Polity, Indian Economy, General Science and General Knowledge. 3. A separate section has been provided for Current Affairs 4. Provides accurate, perfect and complete coverage of facts. 5. It is useful for the preparation of SSC, Bank, Railway, Police, NDA/CDS and various other competitive exams. General knowledge carries an important section in many competitive examinations. Keeping an updated knowledge of the current events helps not only in exams but also in the everyday life. The New Edition of General Knowledge 2022 provides you the current events of the whole year. It is prepared for the students who are going to appear for the various upcoming examinations. It covers the key subjects like History, Geography, Polity, Finance, Economics and General Science and General Knowledge, supported with the latest facts and figures. A separate section is allotted to current affairs giving total summary of the events happening around the globe. With the use of latest figure, graphics and table, it serves as an accurate, perfect and coverage compact version of General Knowledge. This book is highly useful for the SSC, Banks, Railways, Police, NDA/CDS other examinations. TABLE OF CONTENT Current Affairs, History, Geography, Indian Polity, Indian Economy, General Science and General Knowledge.

Download or read book Sedimentary Basins written by Gerhard Einsele and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely revised and enlarged second edition provides an up-to-date overview of all major topics in sedimentary geology. It is unique in its quantitative approach to denudation-accumulation systems and basin fillings, including dynamic aspects. The relationship between tectonism and basin evolution as well as the concepts of sequence cycle and event stratigraphy in various depositional environments are extensively discussed. Numerous, often composite figures, a well-structured text, brief summaries in boxes, and several examples from all continents make the book an invaluable source of information for students, researchers and professors in academia as well as for professionals in the oil industry.

Download or read book A Study in Earth s Geological Evolution written by Nikolay O. Sorokhtin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-08-25 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like N. O. Sorokhtin’s most recent book, The Origins of Natural Diamonds, also available from Wiley-Scrivener at www.wiley.com, this is not just the story of the origin and evolution of the Baltic Shield, but a story about the evolution of the Earth’s geology in general. Important to geologists, geophysicists, and engineers across multiple disciplines, written by an expert in the field and an expert on the Earth’s geological evolution, this volume represents the state-of-the-art in major Earth geological processes. Of particular importance to mining engineers and petroleum engineers, it is also a practical guide for those who work in the mining or petroleum industry. Before presenting the most in-depth discussion of the Baltic Shield available and its implications for study by geologists and various industries such as the petroleum industry, the author presents a theory for how the Earth, as we know it, came into existence and developed. He bases this theory on scientific evidence and mathematical models, using this as a basis for further explanation of the Earth’s geological evolution. Valuable as either a learning tool for the student or as a reference or refresher for the veteran scientist or engineer, the author explains important geological processes, such as the Earth’s origin, composition, and structure, the Earth’s energy balance, continental drift, tectonic activity, the evolution of the Earth’s crust, and others. It is within this geological framework that the author offers practical guidance for engineers and scientists who work in industry or academia. It is a must-have for any geologist, geophysicist, or engineer working in mining or petroleum engineering.

Download or read book Advances in Information Retrieval written by Nazli Goharian and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law written by Lavanya Rajamani and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 1233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking stock of all the major developments in the field of international environmental law, this text explores core assumptions and concepts, basic analytical tools and key challenges.

Download or read book A Reprint of the North American Zoology written by George Ord and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: