Download or read book Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenoliths written by C. J. Hawkesworth and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CONTINENTAL BASALTS MANTLE XENENOLITHS written by HAWKSWORTH and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 1980-01-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Continental Flood Basalts written by J. D. Macdougall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mantle Xenoliths written by Peter H. Nixon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1987 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eruption of deep-seated xenoliths in basaltic, alnoitic, kimberlitic, etc volcanoes provides the geologist with an important direct means of examining the fragments of the earth's mantle and lower crust.
Download or read book Noble Gases in Continental Basalts and Xenoliths from the Western United States written by John Allen Dodson (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Continental Mantle written by Martin A. Menzies and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1990 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very Good,No Highlights or Markup,all pages are intact.
Download or read book Geochemical Evolution of the Arabian Lithosphere and Genesis of Continental Basalts written by Shelby Bowden and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arabian Peninsula is the ideal location to study continental basalt volcanism as nearly 6% of the total land area is covered by km-thick primitive basalt flows. The petrogenesis of continental basalts is a poorly understood phenomenon which can be better constrained through a geochemical and geophysical study of the Arabian basalts and their xenolith cargo. Precise 40Ar/39Ar dating shows that Arabian volcanic ages are bimodally distributed: tholeiitic basalts formed thick volcanic plateaus roughly parallel to the Red Sea from the Oligocene through mid-Miocene; after a several million-year volcanic hiatus a second, alkaline volcanic period began in the late-Miocene following the suturing of Eurasia and Arabia and has continued to the present. We integrate new petrographic and geochemical data on basalts and xenoliths from the two largest and longest-lived basalt fields in the Middle East, Harrats Ash Shaam and Uwayrid, with existing data from harrats across the Arabian Peninsula. Geochemical data suggest the early Oligo-Miocene volcanic period was driven by diffuse rifting and adiabatic decompression melting associated with the opening of the Red Sea. Volcanism ceased as rifting along the Red Sea axis slowed during collision with Eurasia. Late-Miocene -- present volcanism is driven by fracturing and subsequent foundering of the lithosphere from faulting associated with the Dead Sea Fault system. This work highlights the dependence of melt generation beneath a continent on far field tectonic stresses. The physical and chemical state of the lithospheric mantle beneath Arabia plays a first order role in defining the ability of melts to form beneath the continent. Mantle xenoliths provide direct evidence of a lithosphere defined by a highly fusible mineralogy. Growth of metasomatic phases clinopyroxene, phlogopite, amphibole, ilmenite, rutile, and enrichment in volatiles has both lowered the melting temperature and increased the density of the lithospheric mantle over that of the asthenosphere, decreasing long-term lithospheric stability. These metasomatic phases are the result of 1 Ga of chemical modification related to Pan African Orogeny subduction that introduced melts, sediments, fluids, and carbon into the lithospheric mantle. Melting of the metasomatic assemblage in xenoliths produces basalts with lower 176Hf/177Hf and higher 208Pb/204Pb and 207Pb/204Pb values than the mantle array, which is consistent with enrichment of the source domains with contributions from slab-derived fluids and sediments. Fractionation of 87Sr/86Sr and enrichment of LREE over HFSE require melt interaction with a carbonate melt metasomatic agent released during Quaternary faulting. 3He/4He ratios in both basalts and xenoliths do not require material contribution from a deep-seated mantle plume but are consistent with contributions from lithospheric and perhaps asthenospheric mantle sources. These results highlight the interplay between mantle source chemistry and tectonics in producing melt beneath continents.
Download or read book Metasomatism and the Chemical Transformation of Rock written by Daniel Harlov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-14 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid-aided mass transfer and subsequent mineral re-equilibration are the two defining features of metasomatism and must be present in order for metamorphism to occur. Coupled with igneous and tectonic processes, metasomatism has played a major role in the formation of the Earth’s continental and oceanic crust and lithospheric mantle as well as in their evolution and subsequent stabilization. Metasomatic processes can include ore mineralization, metasomatically induced alteration of oceanic lithosphere, mass transport in and alteration of subducted oceanic crust and overlying mantle wedge, which has subsequent implications regarding mass transport, fluid flow, and volatile storage in the lithospheric mantle overall, as well as both regional and localized crustal metamorphism. Metasomatic alteration of accessory minerals such as zircon or monazite can allow for the dating of metasomatic events as well as give additional information regarding the chemistry of the fluids responsible. Lastly present day movement of fluids in both the lithospheric mantle and deep to mid crust can be observed utilizing geophysical resources such as electrical resistivity and seismic data. Such observations help to further clarify the picture of actual metasomatic processes as inferred from basic petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical data. The goal of this volume is to bring together a diverse group of geologists, each of whose specialities and long range experience regarding one or more aspects of metasomatism during geologic processes, should allow them to contribute to a series of review chapters, which outline the basis of our current understanding of how metasomatism influences and helps to control both the evolution and stability of the crust and lithospheric mantle.
Download or read book The Geochemistry of the Mantle Xenolith Suite from La Olivina Chihuahua Mexico written by Gregory John Nimz and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanic Basalts written by P.A. Floyd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basalt is the most voluminous of all the igneous rocks. Extensive field, experimental, petrographic and geochemical studies of basalt have provided us with a considerable understanding of igneous petrogenesis, plate tectonics, and crust-mantle interaction and exchange. One important aspect of geology that has developed over the last few decades is the study of oceanic basalts. The ocean basins cover about two thirds of the earth's surface and are floored by a basement of oceanic basalt that is continuously undergoing generation at spreading centres and destruction at subduction zones, a process which throughout geological time is recognized as the principal means of generating new crust. The study of oceanic basalts enables us to understand better the generation and recycling of crustal materials (including the continental crust), and the exchange between oceanic crust and seawater via hydrothermal activity. Compositional variations displayed by oceanic basalts provide windows into the mantle, and the identification of isotopically-distinct mantle reservoirs demonstrates that the source of oceanic basalts is heterogeneous and is controlled by convection and reservoir interactions within the mantle.
Download or read book Mantle Metasomatism written by Martin A. Menzies and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth as an Evolving Planetary System written by Kent C. Condie and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-08-22 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Second Edition, explores key topics and questions relating to the evolution of the Earth's crust and mantle over the last four billion years. This updated edition features exciting new information on Earth and planetary evolution and examines how all subsystems in our planet—crust, mantle, core, atmosphere, oceans and life—have worked together and changed over time. It synthesizes data from the fields of oceanography, geophysics, planetology, and geochemistry to address Earth's evolution. This volume consists of 10 chapters, including two new ones that deal with the Supercontinent Cycle and on Great Events in Earth history. There are also new and updated sections on Earth's thermal history, planetary volcanism, planetary crusts, the onset of plate tectonics, changing composition of the oceans and atmosphere, and paleoclimatic regimes. In addition, the book now includes new tomographic data tracking plume tails into the deep mantle. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, with a basic knowledge of geology, biology, chemistry, and physics. It also may serve as a reference tool for structural geologists and professionals in related disciplines who want to look at the Earth in a broader perspective. - Kent Condie's corresponding interactive CD, Plate Tectonics and How the Earth Works, can be purchased from Tasa Graphic Arts here: http://www.tasagraphicarts.com/progptearth.html - Two new chapters on the Supercontinent Cycle and on Great Events in Earth history - New and updated sections on Earth's thermal history, planetary volcanism, planetary crusts, the onset of plate tectonics, changing composition of the oceans and atmosphere, and paleoclimatic regimes - Also new in this Second Edition: the lower mantle and the role of the post-perovskite transition, the role of water in the mantle, new tomographic data tracking plume tails into the deep mantle, Euxinia in Proterozoic oceans, The Hadean, A crustal age gap at 2.4-2.2 Ga, and continental growth
Download or read book Mantle Metasomatism and Alkaline Magmatism written by Ellen Mullen Morris and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Mantle and Core written by R.W. Carlson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though largely inaccessible, the geochemistry of Earth's mantle and core can be examined through a wide variety of approaches. Volume 2 focuses first on "remote" sensing using evidence from cosmochemical, seismic, petrologic and geochemical approaches. Mantle composition is then examined in detail through descriptions of mantle samples brought to Earth's surface through tectonic, volcanic, and volatile-outgassing processes. The volume concludes with examination of processes that modify the composition of the mantle and core including an early magma ocean, partial melting, element partitioning between minerals and melts, and physical mixing caused by plate subduction, mantle convection and mass exchange between mantle and core. Reprinted individual volume from the acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry, (10 Volume Set, ISBN 0-08-043751-6, published in 2003) - Comprehensive and authoritative scope and focus - Reviews from renowned scientists across a range of subjects, providing both overviews and new data, supplemented by extensive bibliographies - Extensive illustrations and examples from the field
Download or read book Geophysics and Petrology of the Deep Crust and Upper Mantle written by John R. Ege and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Boundaries of the West African Craton written by Nasser Ennih and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2008 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plutonism from Antarctica to Alaska written by Suzanne Mahlburg Kay and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1990 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
