Download or read book Contextualizing HIV Risk for Young African American and Latino Men who Have Sex with Men written by George J. Greene and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The participants in this study were 69 African American, 18 Latino, and 5 bi-racial MSM with a mean age of 21.17 years (SD=2.44). Of the 92 participants, eight identified as HIV positive. Participants completed face-to-face structured interviews and core study variables included sexual development, coming-out stress, self-concept, sense of community, homophobia, high-risk sexual situations, and reports of unprotected sex.
Download or read book Contextualizing HIV Risk Among Latino Men who Have Sex with Men written by José Diaz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States experience a disproportionate and growing HIV burden. In spite of germinal studies and recent advances reported in the scientific literature, there is a noteworthy gap in our understanding of the factors that influence HIV transmission and acquisition among Latino MSM. The goal of this dissertation is to explore how cultural, spatial, and syndemic contexts influence two HIV-related risk behaviors among Latino MSM: serodiscordant condomless anal intercourse (SDCAI) and number of male causal partners. Specifically, I aimed to assess the how acculturation, neighborhood characteristics, and co-occurring epidemics may each contribute to HIV-related risk among Latino MSM. For this project, I utilized data from the NYCM2M study (R01 HD059729; PI: B. Koblin), a cross-sectional study of the relations among neighborhood environmental characteristics, sexual risk behaviors, anxiety and depression, and alcohol and substance use among urban MSM.
Download or read book No Turning Back written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Issues Confronting Minority Men Who Have Sex with Men written by Sana Loue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-26 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is an important work that uniquely focuses on both gay/queer-self-identified men from diverse minority communities (African American, Latino, Native American, Asian and Pacific Islander) and men of these ethnic communities who have sex with men but are not gay/queer-self-identified. Each section of this edited book is devoted to a particular health issue affecting minority MSM, and consists of one or more scholarly chapters that address the particular issue.
Download or read book Effects of Stigma Sense of Community and Self esteem on the HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors of African American and Latino Men who Have Sex with Men written by Teresa Jacobs Finlayson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African-American and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionately large burden of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States. To further enhance HIV prevention efforts among men of color, a survey was conducted within New York City's house ball community; a community largely comprised of racial and ethnic minority persons. Time-space sampling was adapted to recruit participants for the survey from venues frequented by members of the house ball community. Using logistic regression analysis, this study examined the effects of perceived stigma, enacted stigma, sense of community and self-esteem on unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among a sub-sample of men in the survey. Both perceived and enacted stigma had a modest direct effect on engaging in UAI. The direct effect on UAI was significant even after controlling for covariates in the model. The magnitude of the effect on UAI did not vary by race/ethnicity or sexual identity. In addition, perceived and enacted stigma correlated negatively to both sense of community and self-esteem scores. Although sense of community did not buffer the effect of perceived or enacted stigma on UAI, both sense of community and self-esteem were protective against engaging in UAI. However, while the direct effect of sense of community on UAI remained after controlling for covariates in the model, the effect self-esteem had on UAI diminished after adding variables to the model. Further, self-esteem was negatively correlated with both perceived and enacted stigma, but it did not mediate perceived and enacted stigma's effect on UAI. Implications for HIV prevention strategies given these findings are discussed. Implications include developing multilevel interventions, including structural interventions, to reduce the stigma that is perceived and experienced by men of color as well as building stronger communities for African American and Latino MSM.
Download or read book Risk and Protective Factors Related to HIV risk Behavior written by Jason C. Forney and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Discrimination and Health written by Rafael M. Diaz and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Risk Ecology Framework written by Anthony Urena and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the risk ecology framework for future health policy and further sociological research. By interrogating what it means to be at-risk, this dissertation lends crucial insight into the persistence of the HIV epidemic at a time when the means to end it are available, and also enriches sociological understandings of risk both within and beyond the public health domain.
Download or read book Examining Links of Racial and Sexual Identity Development Psychological Well being and Sexual Risks Among HIV Positive Same Sex Attracted African American Men written by Kessler Laura E. and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study investigated associations among African American and same sex attracted identity developmental components, psychological well-being, difficult sexual situations, and sexual risk practices among a sample (N = 73) of HIV-positive African American men who have sex with men (MSMs). The current study responds to Mays, Cochran, and Zamudio's (2004) call for empirical investigations of culturally specific determinants impacting psychological health and sexual risk behaviors among African American MSMs. The current study parallels the methodology of Diaz, Ayala, and Bein (2004) and Diaz, Bein, and Ayala (2006), linking experiences of homophobia, racism, and poverty to psychological health and sexual risk practices among gay identified Latino men. Using a similar framework, the current study investigated the impact of African American and same sex attracted identity development on psychological health and sexual risk practices within a sample of African American HIV-positive MSMs. The current study's sample reported a diverse range of sexual identities (e.g., gay, heterosexual, "on the down low;"), with all participants having engaged in consensual sex with other men. Results indicated that higher endorsement of the Anti-White African American identity (as measured by the Cross Racial Identity Scale [CRIS, Vandiver et al., 2000]), as well as lower levels of psychological well-being, and younger ages, predicted circumstances promoting unsafe sex. Higher endorsements of the African American identities of Multiculturalist Inclusive and Miseducation, as well as the same sex attracted identity of Superiority (as measured by the Lesbian and Gay Identity Scale [LGIS; Mohr & Fassinger, 2000]), predicted interpersonal barriers to unsafe sex. Additional exploratory analyses showed higher endorsements of the same sex identity of Homonegativity to predict lower levels of psychological well-being; higher endorsements of the African American identity of Assimilation, and same sex attracted identity of Need for Acceptance, to predict circumstances predicting unsafe sex; higher endorsements of the African American identities of Anti-White and Afrocentric to predict interpersonal barriers to unsafe sex; and higher endorsements of the Anti-White identity to predict sexual risk practices outside of a committed relationship. Descriptive data suggested that participants endorsed African American and same sex attracted identities differently than scale development samples. An exploratory factor analysis showed that the six-factor structure of the CRIS generally replicated within the current sample. However, there was an insufficient sample size to investigate the LGIS factor structure within the current sample. Qualitative data also suggested that participants are experiencing racial and sexual identity challenges, but also engaging in effective ways of coping with and resolving these challenges. Qualitative data also highlighted the importance of social support that is accepting of African American and same sex attracted male identities. Results imply that interventions highlighting issues around effectively managing racial and sexual identity challenges, and psychological distress, while providing social support, could help promote sexual health among HIV-positive African American MSMs.
Download or read book Prevalence of HIV Infection and Related Risk Behaviors Among Young Latino Men who Have Sex with Men written by Assunta Ritieni and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contextualizing Risk written by Cherie Blair and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic and represent 70% of incident HIV cases in the United States, despite constituting 3.9% of the population. These disparities are particularly relevant in the context of the burgeoning stimulant use epidemic, as stimulant use is associated with increased HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among MSM. Given these contexts, this dissertation consists of three studies that explored the impacts of stimulant use on HIV/STI transmission dynamics among a diverse cohort of MSM in Los Angeles, California. Study one examined the relative contributions of methamphetamine use, depression, and sexual risk behavior on rectal STIs using path analysis. Study two consisted of a latent class analysis to determine risk behaviors associated with patterns of sexualized stimulant and alcohol use. Study three used machine learning techniques, specifically least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) and elastic net, for variable selection to determine characteristics associated with increased stimulant use and whether these factors differed in relation to HIV status. This dissertation demonstrated that the factors surrounding stimulant use and HIV/STI transmission dynamics are both nuanced and complex. Our findings reinforced the known associations between syndemic health conditions, such as depression, unstable housing, polysubstance use, and transactional sex, with stimulant use and sexual risk behaviors. However, our results highlight that the factors and contexts surrounding stimulant use and sexual risk behaviors likely differ between MSM subpopulations. For example, Black/Latinx MSM who engaged in stimulant use were more likely to experience syndemic health conditions (e.g., STIs, depressive symptoms) than their Black/Latinx counterparts who did not engage in sexualized stimulant use. Similar differences in stimulant use patterns were observed based on HIV status. Among MSM living with HIV, increased stimulant use correlated highly with reported co-substance use whereas sexual risk behaviors and sexual partnership contexts were correlated with increased stimulant use among HIV-negative MSM. This dissertation demonstrates that the contexts and factors which contribute to stimulant use patterns likely differ between MSM subpopulations and suggest that these differences should be accounted for in the design of HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
Download or read book HIV Among Young Latino Men in the San Diego Tijuana Border Region written by Juan G. Ibarra and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this secondary analysis is to describe the sociodemographic, psychosocial, HIV testing, alcohol and drug use, and sexual risk behavior characteristics in a sample of young Latino men who have sex with men (YLMSM) living in the San Diego-Tijuana border region. In addition, this study will examine the predictors of three distinct outcomes, which include unprotected anal intercourse, HIV infection, and never testing for HIV, among the sampled YLMSM. This study represents a first effort to describe and analyze HIV seroprevalence and HIV risk behavior in YLMSM (of which the majority also reported having sex with women) residing in this border region, an understudied population with unique risks that are not well understood. The venue-based study collected information, via standardized questionnaire, on eligible participants (N=372) who self-identified as Latino, reported a history of having sex with another man in their lifetimes, resided in the San Diego-Tijuana border region, and were between the ages of 17 and 30 years. A bivariate analysis was done separately for each of the three outcomes to examine the sociodemographic, psychosocial, HIV testing, alcohol and drug use, and sexual risk behavior characteristics among the combined sample. Three separate multivariate analyses (hierarchical logistic regression analysis) examined predictors of unprotected anal intercourse, HIV infection, and never testing for HIV. Results from the study showed that for the combined sample of both San Diego and Tijuana YLMSM 25% tested positive for HIV, 42% reported having unprotected anal intercourse with a male, and 44% never tested for HIV. Compared to San Diego YLMSM, Tijuana YLMSM reported lower levels of socioeconomic status (e.g., low level of education), condom self-efficacy, HIV seroprevalence, HIV testing rates, and unprotected anal intercourse, but higher levels of alcohol and drug use and sex with both men and women. Findings from the multivariate analysis showed that being young, having an incarceration history, and self-reported likelihood of being infected were the strongest predictors of HIV infection, while San Diego residence and income from exchange sex were the strongest predictors of unprotected anal intercourse. Tijuana residence and no access to care were some of the strongest predictors of never testing for HIV. The current study provides compelling evidence that the control of the HIV epidemic in the San Diego-Tijuana border region must include primary and secondary HIV prevention efforts directed at YLMSM. There is an urgent need for HIV interventions to address unprotected anal intercourse, high HIV seroprevalence rates, and low HIV testing rates in YLMSM in the US--Mexico border region. These HIV interventions must be empirically-based, culturally and linguistically appropriate, and address the social context of HIV risk.
Download or read book 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic written by Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Knowing your epidemic" is essential for everyone involved in the response to HIV. Extensively illustrated with graphs and charts, this biennial report presents concise but comprehensive summaries of major issues in the global AIDS response. Annexes provide HIV estimates and data 2001 and 2007, and also country progress indicators.
Download or read book Beyond the Down Low written by Keith Boykin and published by Da Capo Press. This book was released on 2006-01-03 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keith Boykin, a former Clinton White House aide, syndicated columnist, and AIDS activist, breaks new ground by going beyond the hype with the first responsible, eye-opening look at the down low sensation. Unlike all previous accounts on the topic, Beyond the Down Low refreshingly presents the DL not merely as a problem of gay and bisexual men living in the shadows and endangering women, but more broadly as a telling example of the African-American community's overall failure to engage in critical but uncomfortable conversations about sexuality. Boykin details how the virtual silence from black leaders on sex matters has helped to create an environment where gay and bisexual men feel compelled to lead double lives. Meanwhile, the dialogue that has occurred both inside and out of African-American circles encourages an unhealthy battle of the sexes, ignores the complexities of the closet, demonizes homosexuality and bisexuality, disempowers women from personal responsibility to protect themselves from STDs, and misdirects public resources and attention at vilifying down low men.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multiple Imputation and its Application written by James Carpenter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide to analysing partially observeddata. Collecting, analysing and drawing inferences from data iscentral to research in the medical and social sciences.Unfortunately, it is rarely possible to collect all the intendeddata. The literature on inference from the resultingincomplete data is now huge, and continues to grow both asmethods are developed for large and complex data structures, and asincreasing computer power and suitable software enable researchersto apply these methods. This book focuses on a particular statistical method foranalysing and drawing inferences from incomplete data, calledMultiple Imputation (MI). MI is attractive because it is bothpractical and widely applicable. The authors aim is to clarify theissues raised by missing data, describing the rationale for MI, therelationship between the various imputation models and associatedalgorithms and its application to increasingly complex datastructures. Multiple Imputation and its Application: Discusses the issues raised by the analysis of partiallyobserved data, and the assumptions on which analyses rest. Presents a practical guide to the issues to consider whenanalysing incomplete data from both observational studies andrandomized trials. Provides a detailed discussion of the practical use of MI withreal-world examples drawn from medical and social statistics. Explores handling non-linear relationships and interactionswith multiple imputation, survival analysis, multilevel multipleimputation, sensitivity analysis via multiple imputation, usingnon-response weights with multiple imputation and doubly robustmultiple imputation. Multiple Imputation and its Application is aimed atquantitative researchers and students in the medical and socialsciences with the aim of clarifying the issues raised by theanalysis of incomplete data data, outlining the rationale for MIand describing how to consider and address the issues that arise inits application.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
