Download or read book Consumer Information Marks of Origin and WTO Law written by Wendy A. Johnecheck and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses the recently initiated United States - Certain Country of Origin Labeling Requirements (US- Meat COOL) dispute to examine the nature of the relationship between consumer information labeling regulatory measures and the applicable WTO provisions disciplining domestic regulation. The US measure in question mandates that retailers provide consumers with information on the national origin of their food as a means of facilitating consumer choice. The US- Meat COOL case is salient to the WTO legal regime because it presents an opportunity to establish a coherent legal jurisprudence relating to measures implemented on consumer information grounds (as separate from, but closely related to, labeling measures implemented on health or environmental grounds). The legal analysis revealed that WTO law does not categorically prohibit genuinely motivated consumer information labeling measures with disparate trade effects. The treatment of measures, which are motivated by both consumer and producer interests, however, remains unclear. Further, given that many of the relevant legal provisions are largely untested, the legal outcome for all consumer choice measures is far from certain, and are equally likely to produce a finding of non-compliance with WTO obligations. In light of this uncertainty, the case study identifies several issues critical to whether the US COOL regulation and, by extension, other consumer information labeling policies are judged compliant with key WTO disciplines. In addition, the paper compares the WTO legality of the US COOL regulation under the relevant provisions with hypothetical results based on an economic efficiency criterion. This analysis reveals that under several likely legal tests net welfare-enhancing labeling regimes risk being deemed in violation of WTO law. The author argues that prohibiting efficient de facto discriminatory consumer information measures runs contrary to the theoretical underpinnings of the treaty text, and that the dispute settlement bodies should, at a minimum, seek to employ legal tests that ensure that efficient consumer information labeling measures are deemed compliant with WTO law. Finally, this paper also explores issues specific to the subset of consumer choice measures, referred to as mandatory marks of origin regulations. It includes a discussion of the historical developments that led to the inclusion of a provision addressing such measures in the original GATT structure (GATT Article IX), the interaction of this Article with other applicable provisions, and the fundamental challenge of applying national treatment obligations to measures intended to facilitate differentiation of products on the basis of national origin.
Download or read book Marking of Country of Origin on U S Imports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Complying with the Made in USA Standard written by United States. Federal Trade Commission and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Most favoured nation Treatment written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication contains an explanation of Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment and some of the key issues that arise in its negotiation, particularly the scope and application of MFN treatment to the liberalization and protection of foreign investors in recent treaty practice. The paper provides policy options as regards the traditional application of MFN treatment and identifies reactions by States to the unexpected broad use of MFN treatment, and provides several drafting options, such as specifying or narrowing down the scope of application of MFN treatment to certain types of activities, clarifying the nature of "treatment" under the IIA, clarifying the comparison that an arbitral tribunal needs to undertake as well as a qualification of the comparison "in like circumstances" or excluding its use in investor-State cases.
Download or read book Importing Into the United States written by U. S. Customs and Border Protection and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.
Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Download or read book Culture and International Law written by Hikmahanto Juwana and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this era of globalization, International Law plays a significant role in facing rapid development of various legal issues. Cultural preservation has emerged as an important legal issue that should be considered by States. This book consists of academic papers presented and discussed during the 9th International Conference of the Centre of International Law Studies (9th CILS Conference) held in Malang, Indonesia, 2-3 October 2018. The title of the book represents the major theme of the conference: "Culture and International Law." It is argued that along with globalization, cultural preservation is slowly ignored by States. Various papers presented in the book cover five topics: cultural heritage; cultural rights; culture and economic activity; culture and armed conflict; and a general topic. The authors of the papers are outstanding academics from various countries, Lithuania, United States of America, Australia, Thailand and Indonesia. The conference was organized by Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with Brawijaya University. This book aims to give a useful contribution to the existing literature on International Law, specifically focussing on cultural issues from the perspective of cultural heritage and rights, economic as well as armed conflict.
Download or read book An Economic Perspective on Trade Mark Law written by Andrew Griffiths and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-29 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable book will appeal to academics, postgraduate and undergraduate students in the fields of trade mark law, business organization, intellectual property and law and economics. Solicitors and other professionals specializing in trade mark la
Download or read book Business and Commerce Code written by Texas and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Mark Law and Sharing Names written by Ilanah Simon Fhima and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are a number of points throughout the trade mark system where multiple undertakings share the same name, either unwillingly, or by consent. In this timely book, expert contributors address this controversial issue and identify the various points at which names are shared. This unique book uses both historical and interdisciplinary perspectives, as well as more traditional legal methodology, to examine the practical and theoretical implications of such name sharing for the parties involved. It analyses what can be learned from the sharing process about the nature of the trade mark system and the interests which it protects. General themes relating to the nature and purpose of trade mark law are also discussed. The contributors focus on UK and European law and their detailed treatment of specific trade mark topics will prove invaluable to postgraduate law students and academics specialising in intellectual property. Legal practitioners will appreciate the up-to-date consideration of concepts important in both contentious and non-contentious trade mark practice and in-house counsel for brand owners will benefit from the expert guidance offered on issues relevant to protecting their trade marks.
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Download or read book International Trade Law written by Daniel C.K. Chow and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2017-02-05 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to its manageable size, problem-based presentation, and accessible writing style, International Trade Law is one of the most comprehensive and student-friendly trade law texts on the market. With over 70 principal cases, it is the only international trade casebook that systematically covers all GATT articles and WTO side agreements, and offers clear explanations of how WTO obligations are implemented in the U.S. and the EU. The Third Edition is fully updated and includes new developments, such as a section on the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement.
Download or read book Food Policy in the United States written by Parke Wilde and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a broad introduction to food policies in the United States. Real-world controversies and debates motivate the book’s attention to economic principles, policy analysis, nutrition science and contemporary data sources. It assumes that the reader's concern is not just the economic interests of farmers, but also includes nutrition, sustainable agriculture, the environment and food security. The book’s goal is to make US food policy more comprehensible to those inside and outside the agri-food sector whose interests and aspirations have been ignored. The chapters cover US agriculture, food production and the environment, international agricultural trade, food and beverage manufacturing, food retail and restaurants, food safety, dietary guidance, food labeling, advertising and federal food assistance programs for the poor. The author is an agricultural economist with many years of experience in the non-profit advocacy sector, the US Department of Agriculture and as a professor at Tufts University. The author's well-known blog on US food policy provides a forum for discussion and debate of the issues set out in the book.
Download or read book Think Consumer written by Jamil Ammar and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-18 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of a wide range of branded products makes the selection of the right type of goods a difficult process. This is particularly true in the case of goods whose characteristics consumers do not have complete information about, which they can only learn about after purchasing (experiencing goods). A trade mark quality guarantee facilitates consumers’ choice by sending quality signals. It also enables a trader of branded goods to differentiate the quality of his goods from those of his competitors. Accordingly, trade mark protection is said to enhance economic efficiency, and thus the production of quality goods, and reduce consumer search costs. In order for this to work, however, among other conditions, the trader must maintain consistent quality over time and across consumers. Otherwise, trade mark protection will enhance artificial product differentiation, and thus distort competition. To date, despite its profound significance, the quality guarantee is seen as performing an economic function that trade mark law is ill equipped to deal with. As a result, this function is not enforced under trade mark law. Contrary to mainstream thinking, this book argues that the quality function of a trade mark should be recognised and enforced through trade mark law. What is at stake is far from insignificant: it is about bridging the ever increasing gap between the legal rationales for trade mark protection and the economic consequences of this protection in practice. The book is also about how consumers should shape their relationship with trade marks and what role law should play in constructing that relationship. By giving independent legal substance to the quality function, trade mark law encourages a trader to improve the quality of his goods instead of simply improving the persuasive or advertising value of the mark, which, in turn, enhances artificial product differentiation, increases rather than decreases consumer search costs, and distorts competition.
Download or read book Understanding the WTO written by and published by World Trade Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Average Consumer in Confusion based Disputes in European Trademark Law and Similar Fictions written by Rasmus Dalgaard Laustsen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contends that, with regard to the likelihood of confusion standard, European trademark law applies the average consumer incoherently and inconsistently. To test this proposal, it presents an analysis of the horizontal and vertical level of harmonization of the average consumer. The horizontal part focuses on similar fictions in areas of law adjacent to European trademark law (and in economics), and the average consumer in unfair competition law. The vertical part focuses on European trademark law, represented mainly by EU trademark law, and the trademark laws of the UK, Sweden, Denmark and Norway. The book provides readers with a better understanding of key aspects of European trademark law (the average consumer applied as part of the likelihood of confusion standard) and combines relevant law and practices with theoretical content and other related areas of law (and economics). Accordingly, it is an asset for policymakers and practitioners, as well as general readers with an interest in intellectual property law and theory.
Download or read book Research Handbook on the Law and Economics of Trademark Law written by Glynn S. Lunney Jr. and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This discerning and detailed Research Handbook examines the law of trademarks, unfair competition, and dilution from a variety of law and economics perspectives. With a comprehensive exploration of trademarks and trademark law, it provides an excellent illustration of the analytical diversity that the law and economics approach can bring to legal issues.
