Download or read book Constructing Practical Reasons written by Andreas Müller and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some things are reasons for us to perform certain actions. That it will spare you great pain in the future, for example, is a reason for you to go to the dentist now, and that you are already late for work is a reason for you not to read the next article in the morning paper. Why are such considerations reasons for or against certain actions? Constructivism offers an intriguing answer to this question. Its basic idea is often encapsulated in the slogan that reasons are not discovered but made by us. Andreas Müller elaborates this idea into a fully-fledged account of practical reasons, makes its theoretical commitments explicit, and defends it against some well-known objections. Constructing Practical Reasons begins with an examination of the distinctive role that reason judgements play in the process of practical reasoning. This provides the resources for an anti-representationalist conception of the nature of those judgements, according to which they are true, if they are true, not because they accurately represent certain normative facts, but because of their role in sound reasoning. On the resulting view, a consideration owes its status as a reason to the truth of the corresponding reason judgement and thus, ultimately, to the soundness of a certain episode of reasoning. Consequently, our practical reasons exhibit a kind of mind-dependence, but this does not force us to deny their objectivity.
Download or read book Constructivism in Practical Philosophy written by James Lenman and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents twelve original papers on the idea that moral objectivity is to be understood in terms of a suitably constructed social point of view that all can accept. The contributors offer new perspectives, some sympathetic and some critical, on constructivist understandings - Kantian or otherwise - of morality and reason.
Download or read book Constructions of Reason written by Onora O'Neill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the alleged incoherences to attempts to assimilate Kant's ethical writings to modern conceptions of rationality, actions and rights.
Download or read book Legal Directives and Practical Reasons written by Noam Gur and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2018 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates law's interaction with practical reasons. What difference can legal requirements-e.g. traffic rules, tax laws, or work safety regulations-make to normative reasons relevant to our action? Do they give reasons for action that should be weighed among all other reasons? Or can they, instead, exclude and take the place of some other reasons? The book critically examines some of the existing answers and puts forward an alternative understanding of law's interaction with practical reasons. At the outset, two competing positions are pitted against each other: Joseph Raz's view that (legitimate) legal authorities have pre-emptive force, namely that they give reasons for action that exclude some other reasons; and an antithesis, according to which law-making institutions (even those that meet prerequisites of legitimacy) can at most provide us with reasons that compete in weight with opposing reasons for action. These two positions are examined from several perspectives, such as justified disobedience cases, law's conduct-guiding function in contexts of bounded rationality, and the phenomenology associated with authority. It is found that, although each of the above positions offers insight into the conundrum at hand, both suffer from significant flaws. These observations form the basis on which an alternative position is put forward and defended. According to this position, the existence of a reasonably just and well-functioning legal system constitutes a reason that fits neither into a model of ordinary reasons for action nor into a pre-emptive paradigm-it constitutes a reason to adopt an (overridable) disposition that inclines its possessor towards compliance with the system's requirements.
Download or read book Kant on Practical Justification written by Mark Timmons and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of new essays provides a comprehensive and structured examination of Kant's justification of norms, a crucial but neglected theme in Kantian practical philosophy. The essays engage with the view that a successful account of justification of normative claims has to be non-metaphysical and go on to pursue further implications in ethics, legal and political philosophy, and philosophy of religion.
Download or read book Imagination and Depth in Kant s Critique of Pure Reason written by Bernard Freydberg and published by Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers. This book was released on 1994 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kerygma of the Wilderness Traditions in the Hebrew Bible examines biblical writers' use of the wilderness traditions in the books of Exodus and Numbers, Deuteronomy, the Prophets, and the Writings to express their beliefs in God and their understandings of the community's relationship to God. Kerygma is the proclamation of God's actions with the purpose of affirming faith/or appealing to an obedient response from the community. The experiences of the wilderness community, who rebelled and refused to live according to God's purposes, serve as a polemic against disbelief in God and the refusal to embrace Israel's religious heritage. In the Writings, more than in the Prophets, the wilderness traditions are remembered with a notable resemblance to the traditions in Exodus and Numbers, which reflects a heightened interest in the ancient traditions in the closing turbulent period of Israelite history. Recollections of Israel's beginnings in the wilderness address problems associated with faith, obedience, and ultimately, the nature of the Israelite community.
Download or read book Kant on Practical Life written by Kristi E. Sweet and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive account of Kant's practical philosophy that highlights the unity across its disparate themes.
Download or read book Practical Shape written by Jonathan Dancy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyone allows that we can reason to a new belief from beliefs that we already have. Aristotle thought that we could also reason from beliefs to action. Practical Shape: A Theory of Practical Reasoning establishes this possibility of reasoning to action, in a way that allows also for reasoning to intention, hope, fear, and doubt. While many philosophers have found little sense in Aristotle's claim, Dancy offers a general theory of reasoning that is sensitive to current debates but still Aristotelian in spirit. The text clearly sets out the similarities between reasoning to action and reasoning to belief, which are far more striking than any dissimilarities. Its detailed account of practical reasoning, a topic inadequately covered in current literature, is presented in such a way as to be intelligible to a variety of readers, making it an ideal resource for students of philosophy but also of interest to academics in related disciplines.
Download or read book Towards Justice and Virtue written by Onora O'Neill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-08-28 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards Justice and Virtue challenges the rivalry between those who advocate only abstract, universal principles of justice and those who commend only the particularities of virtuous lives. Onora O'Neill traces this impasse to defects in underlying conceptions of reasoning about action. She proposes and vindicates a modest account of ethical reasoning and a reasoned way of answering the question 'who counts?', then uses these to construct linked accounts of principles by which we can move towards just institutions and virtuous lives.
Download or read book The Making of Constitutional Democracy written by Paolo Sandro and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book addresses a palpable, yet widely neglected, tension in legal discourse. In our everyday legal practices – whether taking place in a courtroom, classroom, law firm, or elsewhere – we routinely and unproblematically talk of the activities of creating and applying the law. However, when legal scholars have analysed this distinction in their theories (rather than simply assuming it), many have undermined it, if not dismissed it as untenable. The book considers the relevance of distinguishing between law-creation and law-application and how this transcends the boundaries of jurisprudential enquiry. It argues that such a distinction is also a crucial component of political theory. For if there is no possibility of applying a legal rule that was created by a different institution at a previous moment in time, then our current constitutional-democratic frameworks are effectively empty vessels that conceal a power relationship between public authorities and citizens that is very different from the one on which constitutional democracy is grounded. After problematising the most relevant objections in the literature, the book presents a comprehensive defence of the distinction between creation and application of law within the structure of constitutional democracy. It does so through an integrated jurisprudential methodology, which combines insights from different disciplines (including history, anthropology, political science, philosophy of language, and philosophy of action) while also casting new light on long-standing issues in public law, such as the role of legal discretion in the law-making process and the scope of the separation of powers doctrine. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.
Download or read book Constructing Authorities written by Onora O'Neill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-30 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays brings together the central lines of thought in Onora O'Neill's work on Kant's philosophy, developed over many years. Challenging the claim that Kant's attempt to provide a critique of reason fails because it collapses into a dogmatic argument from authority, O'Neill shows why Kant held that we must construct, rather than assume, the authority of reason, and how this can be done by ensuring that anything we offer as reasons can be followed by others, including others with whom we disagree. She argues that this constructivist view of reasoning is the clue to Kant's claims about knowledge, ethics and politics, as well as to his distinctive accounts of autonomy, the social contract, cosmopolitan justice and scriptural interpretation. Her essays are a distinctive and illuminating commentary on Kant's fundamental philosophical strategy and its implications, and will be a vital resource for scholars of Kant, ethics and philosophy of law.
Download or read book Towards Justice and Virtue written by Onora O'Neill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-08-28 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards Justice and Virtue challenges the rivalry between those who advocate only abstract, universal principles of justice and those who commend only the particularities of virtuous lives. Onora O'Neill traces this impasse to defects in underlying conceptions of reasoning about action. She proposes and vindicates a modest account of ethical reasoning and a reasoned way of answering the question 'who counts?', then uses these to construct linked accounts of principles by which we can move towards just institutions and virtuous lives.
Download or read book Constructing Moral Concepts of God in a Global Age written by Myriam Renaud and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-07-29 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constructing Moral Concepts of God in a Global Age focuses on what people say and think about God, rather than on arguments about God's existence. It advances a theological method, or step-by-step approach to explore and reframe personal convictions about God and the worldviews shaped by those convictions. Since a moral God is more likely to foster a moral life, this method integrates an ethical check to ensure that understandings of God and their associated worldviews are validly moral. The proposed method builds on the work of twentieth-century theologian Gordon Kaufman during the Kantian phase of his work. It anticipates a person-like God who hears prayers, loves without end, and comforts in times of hardship. To accommodate today’s pluralistic and globalized world, the ethical check integrated in the method is a widely collaborative and vetted global ethic, the Parliament of the World’s Religions "Declaration Towards a Global Ethic." This volume of constructive philosophical theology is written for seminary students, educators, clergy, study groups, and anyone interested in delving more deeply and systematically into understandings of God, whether their own or those of others.
Download or read book Constructing Test Items written by Steven J. Osterlind and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-17 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constructing test items for standardized tests of achievement, ability, and aptitude is a task of enormous importance. The interpretability of a test's scores flows directly from the quality of its items and exercises. Concomitant with score interpretability is the notion that including only carefully crafted items on a test is the primary method by which the skilled test developer reduces unwanted error variance, or errors of measurement, and thereby increases a test score's reliability. The aim of this entire book is to increase the test constructor's awareness of this source of measurement error, and then to describe methods for identifying and minimizing it during item construction and later review. Persons involved in assessment are keenly aware of the increased attention given to alternative formats for test items in recent years. Yet, in many writers' zeal to be `curriculum-relevant' or `authentic' or `realistic', the items are often developed seemingly without conscious thought to the interpretations that may be garnered from them. This book argues that the format for such alternative items and exercises also requires rigor in their construction and even offers some solutions, as one chapter is devoted to these alternative formats. This book addresses major issues in constructing test items by focusing on four ideas. First, it describes the characteristics and functions of test items. A second feature of this book is the presentation of editorial guidelines for writing test items in all of the commonly used item formats, including constructed-response formats and performance tests. A third aspect of this book is the presentation of methods for determining the quality of test items. Finally, this book presents a compendium of important issues about test items, including procedures for ordering items in a test, ethical and legal concerns over using copyrighted test items, item scoring schemes, computer-generated items and more.
Download or read book How to Build Practical Wisdom in Executive Education written by Wolfgang Amann and published by Walnut Publication. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Business environments are now frequently described as VUCA – volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous. The COVID–19 pandemic breaking out and spreading globally in 2020 serves as a case in point. Strategies, business models, tactics and plans set for the year were challenged. In this situation, executives around the world did not suffer from insufficient general knowledge about strategizing, business modelling or planning. This book posits that what practitioners and their organizations needed to survive and thrive is practical wisdom. Executive education institutions play a key role in supporting an executive’s learning. Embarking on exploratory research and journey of discovery, this study addresses the crucial questions of how do build practical wisdom in executive education and how do executive education course participants perceive the process of developing practical wisdom in business schools? The research adopts a constructivist grounded theory design and relies on in-depth interviews as the foundation for an emerging substantive theory. It portrays a three–act process and six concrete steps within them to explain how study participants grew their practical wisdom. The book and the presented research contribute to both the academic body of knowledge on how to learn better as well as how to add more value in executive education. Regarding practice, business school leaders and faculty members benefit from this research by critically comparing their approaches to the proposed model in order to trigger improvements. Finally, the individual program participant can gain a better understanding on how to learn faster and in more directions, which contributes to a better return on investment (ROI) and return on education (ROE). It also prepares the learner more adequately for this VUCA world.
Download or read book Political Constructivism written by Peri Roberts and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-10-25 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the nature and possibilities of constructivism through an engagement and examination of the foremost constructivist positions, Rawls and O'Neill.
Download or read book Theoretical and Practical Reason in Economics written by Ricardo F. Crespo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-25 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the book is to argue for the restoration of theoretical and practical reason to economics. It presents Nancy Cartwright and Amartya Sen’s ideas as cases of this restoration and sees Aristotle as an influence on their thought. It looks at how we can use these ideas to develop a valuable understanding of practical reason for solving concrete problems in science and society. Cartwright’s capacities are real causes of events. Sen’s capabilities are the human person’s freedoms or possibilities. They relate these concepts to Aristotelian concepts. This suggests that these concepts can be combined. Sen’s capabilities are Cartwright’s capacities in the human realm; capabilities are real causes of events in economic life. Institutions allow us to deliberate on and guide our decisions about capabilities, through the use of practical reason. Institutions thus embody practical reason and infuse certain predictability into economic action. The book presents a case study: the UNDP’s HDI.
