Download or read book Constructed Wetland for municipal sewage wastewater treatment in Middle East North Africa MENA Iran written by Emelda Orakwue and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wissenschaftliche Studie aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich Geowissenschaften / Geographie - Geologie, Mineralogie, Bodenkunde, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA region) is located between longitudes 130 W and 600 E between latitudes 150 N and 400 N covering a surface area of about 11.1 million square kilometers or about 8% of the area of the world (Fig. 1). MENA is the home for about 300 million people, or about 5% of the world's population, with an average annual population growth rate of 1.7% (World Bank, 2005). The 21 countries in the MENA region have many similarities of arid conditions (85% of the area is desert). Water resources are adversely affected as a result of changes in climate, population, economic development and environmental considerations. The MENA region can be considered as the most water-scarce region of the world (Droogers et al., 2012). Iran (one of the countries in the Middle East located in southwest Asia) was used as the case study because certain parameters (precipitation, evapotranspiration, temperature and population equivalent) used were derived from this country. Iran has a complete desert climate that is very hot in the summer and relatively cold in the winter with scarce rainfall of 200 mm/year and high evapotranspiration (Droogers et al., 2012). Water crisis has appeared in Iran as a serious problem. There are reasons for that: (1) Lack of proper water management and (2) Occurrence of drought (Motiee et al., 2000) Consequent to severe water scarcity, there is need for treatment of the generated wastewater for reuse. Constructed Wetland is one of the secondary treatments for treating primary effluent. This was designed to treat municipal sewage wastewater for one thousand persons in Iran.
Download or read book Wastewater Reuse und Management in TheMmiddle East and North Africa Region written by Azmi Ghneim and published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin. This book was released on 2010 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The MENA region is the driest in the world. Irrigated agriculture consumes the largest volume of water resources due to the continuous demand for food production. A huge potential for satisfying this increasing demand exists in the reuse of municipal wastewater in agriculture. This book emphasizes the importance of appropriate water policies and the enabling institutional setting in successful wastewater management and reuse. The in-depth-analysis is presented through the case study of Jordan."--Page 4 of cover. Die MENA (Mittlerer Osten und Nordafrika) ist das trockenste Gebiet der Welt. Die nutzbaren Wasserressourcen gehen zurück, während die Nachfrage - auf Grund eines raschen Bevölkerungswachstums – steigt. Bewässerte Ackerflächen verbrauchen die größte Menge der Wasserressourcen als ein Ergebnis fortwährender Nachfrage für die Nahrungsproduktion. Ein großes Potential diese steigende Nachfrage zu befriedigen, besteht darin, kommunales Abwasser in der Landwirtschaft wiederzuverwenden. Die Wiederverwendung aufbereiteten Abwassers in der Landwirtschaft führt zu zusätzlichen Wassermengen für die Bewässerung and gibt gleichzeitig Frischwasser frei, das wieder in den öffentlichen Wassersektor eingeleitet werden kann, wo höhere Wasserqualität benötigt wird. Zur Zeit wird in einigen MENA Ländern bereits aufbereitetes Abwasser genutzt. Trotzdem sind diese Mengen im Vergleich zu aufbereiteten Abwässern noch sehr gering. Die wichtigste These dieser Dissertation besteht darin, anzunehmen, dass die Ausweitung des Konflikts über Frischwasser zwischen den verschiedenen Wassersektoren zu vermehrter Wiederverwendung von Abwasser in der Landwirtschaft führen kann. Darüber hinaus hat die mangelnde Wiederverwendung von Abwasser weniger mit teuren Behandlungskosten als viel mehr mit dem Fehlen von geeigneten Wasserpolitiken und angemessenen institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen zu tun. Die Zielsetzung dieser Dissertation ist die Analyse von Politiken, rechtlichen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen sowie die Komponenten der Wiederverwendung von Abwasser in der Landwirtschaft. Ein systematischer Ansatz wurde gewählt, um die existierenden organisatorischen Strukturen sowie die Rollen und Verantwortlichkeiten der unterschiedlichen Akteure bei der Wiederverwendung von Abwasser zu identifizieren. Die Analyse wird durch die Fallstudie „Jordanien“ vertieft. Als Grundlage dient in dieser Dissertation die ausführliche Durchsicht der zugänglichen Literatur, die Richtliniendokumente und Gesetze über die Wiederverwendung von Abwasser in Jordanien.
Download or read book A Strategy for Managing Water in the Middle East and North Africa written by Jeremy Berkoff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Constructed Wetland and Limestone written by Neny Soffiana Sofyan Effendy and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Pilot Study on Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using a Constructed Wetland in Uganda written by T.O. Okurut and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the overall results of the treatment performance and economic costs, it is concluded that application of constructed wetlands in Uganda and in the sub-region can be considered both technically and economically viable option for municipal wastewater treatment.
Download or read book Guidelines for Using Free Water Surface Constructed Wetlands to Treat Municipal Sewage written by Sinclair Knight Merz and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Management in Africa and the Middle East written by International Development Research Centre (Canada) and published by IDRC. This book was released on 1996 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Management in Africa and the Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities
Download or read book Treatment Wetlands written by Gabriela Dotro and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Overview of Treatment Wetlands; Fundamentals of Treatment Wetlands; Horizontal Flow Wetlands; Vertical Flow Wetlands; French Vertical Flow Wetlands; Intensified and Modified Wetlands; Free Water Surface Wetlands; Other Applications; Additional Aspects.
Download or read book Making the Most of Scarcity written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "While water professionals have been advocating comprehensive water reforms for years and many countries have improved their water policies and institutions, some of the most politically sensitive elements of reform remain untouched. This report suggests that a series of factors are now emerging that represent a potential opportunity to break this impasse." "Making the Most of Scarcity will be of interest to readers working in the areas of agribusiness and markets, agriculture, urban and rural development, water supply, and water resources, as well as to those responsible for setting policies in the areas of environment, economics, and social protection."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book The United Nations world water development report 2017 written by WWAP and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) is hosted and led by UNESCO. WWAP brings together the work of 31 UN-Water Members and 38 Partners to publish The United Nations World Water Development Report, (WWDR) series. The annual World Water Development Reports focus on strategic water issues. UN-Water Members and Partners, all experts in their respective fields, contribute the latest findings on a specific theme. The 2017 edition of the World Water Development Report focuses on 'Wastewater' and seeks to inform decision-makers, inside and outside the water community, about the importance of managing wastewater as an undervalued and sustainable source of water, energy, nutrients and other recoverable by-products, rather than something to be disposed of or a nuisance to be ignored. The report's title - Wastewater: The Untapped Resource - reflects the critical role that wastewater is poised to play in the context of a circular economy, whereby economic development is balanced with the protection of natural resources and environmental sustainability, and where a cleaner and more sustainable economy has a positive effect on the water quality. Improved wastewater management is not only critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal on clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), but also to other goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Download or read book Research for Development in the Middle East and North Africa written by International Development Research Centre (Canada) and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2000 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research for Development in the Middle East and North Africa
Download or read book Wetland Technology written by Guenter Langergraber and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality standards across the world are being re-written to promote healthier ecosystems, ensure safe potable water sources, increased biodiversity, and enhanced ecological functions. Treatment wetlands are used for treating a variety of pollutant waters, including municipal wastewater, agricultural and urban runoff, industrial effluents, and combined sewer overflows, among others. Treatment wetlands are particularly well-suited for sustainable water management because they can cope with variable influent loads, can be constructed of local materials, have low operations and maintenance requirements compared to other treatment technologies, and they can provide additional ecosystem services. The technology has been successfully implemented in both developed and developing countries. The first IWA Scientific and Technical Report (STR) on Wetland Technology was published in 2000. With the exponential development of the technology since then, the generation of a new STR was facilitated by the IWA Task Group on Mainstreaming Wetland Technology. This STR was conceptualized and written by leading experts in the field. The new report presents the latest technology applications within an innovative planning framework of multi-purpose wetland design. It also includes practical design information collected from over twenty years of experience from practitioners and academics, covering experiments at laboratory and pilot-scale up to full-scale applications. Scientific and Technical Report No.27
Download or read book Water Reuse written by Chris Binnie and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2008-05-14 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Reuse: An International Survey of current practice, issues and needs examines water reuse practices around the world from different perspectives. The objective is to show how differently wastewater reuse is conceived and practised around the world as well as to present the varied needs and possibilities for reusing wastewater. In the first section water reuse practices around the world are described for regions having common water availability, reuse needs and social aspects. The second section refers to the “stakeholders” point of view. Each reuse purpose demands different water quality, not only to protect health and the environment but also to fulfil the requirements of the specific reuse. Reuses considered are agricultural, urban agriculture as a special case of the former, municipal and industrial. Alongside these uses, the indirect reuse for human consumption through aquifer recharge is also discussed. The third section deals with emerging and controversial topics. Ethical and economical dilemmas in the field are presented as a subject not frequently addressed in this field. The role of governments in respect of public policy in reuse is discussed as well as the different international criteria and standards for reusing wastewater. The importance of public acceptance and the way to properly handle it is also considered. The fourth section of the book presents contrasting case studies; typical situations in the developed world (Japan and Germany) are compared to those in developing countries (Pakistan and Brazil) for agricultural and industrial reuse. Indirect planned reuse for human consumption (Germany) is compared with an unplanned one (Mexico). The Windhoek, Namibia case study is presented to emphasize why if the direct reuse of wastewater for human consumption has been performed with success for more than 35 years it is still the only example of this type around the world. To illustrate the difficulties of having a common framework for regulating water reuse in several countries, the Mediterranean situation is described. Other case studies presented refer to the reuse situation in Israel, Spain, Cameroon, Nepal and Vietnam, these latter countries being located in water rich areas. This book will be an invaluable information source for all those concerned with water reuse including water utility managers, wastewater policy makers and water resources planners as well as researchers and students in environmental engineering, water resources planning and sanitary engineering. Scientific and Technical Report No. 20
Download or read book Irrigation in the Middle East Region in Figures written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by FAO Water Reports. This book was released on 2009 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This AQUASTAT report presents the most recent information available on water availability and its use in the 18 countries and territories in the Middle East region, with an emphasis on agricultural water use and management. It contains the relevant tables and maps, and a regional synopsis emphasizing the subregional characteristics of this large and diverse region. It also analyses the changes that have occurred since the first survey in 1997. Finally it gives a more detailed description of four transboundary river basins in the region, highlighting the different levels of cooperation and the agreements between countries located in the same river basin: the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin, the Kura-Araks River Basin, the Asi-Orontes River Basin and the Jordan River Basin.
Download or read book The United Nations world water development report 2018 written by WWAP and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-26 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands written by Alexandros Stefanakis and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vertical flow constructed wetlands for wastewater and sludge treatment represent a relatively new and still growing technology. Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands is the first book to present the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding vertical flow constructed wetlands theory and applications. In this book, you will learn about vertical flow systems with information about application and performance. Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands also includes information on how different countries are applying the technology, with design guidelines to illustrate best practices worldwide. A focus on water conservation through reuse of treated water showcases the benefit of vertical flow construction, which has greatly increased the attractiveness of the technology in recent years. All state-of-the-art knowledge regarding vertical flow constructed wetlands gathered in one book A review of various constructed wetland approaches, including information about applications and performance, helps clarify what is currently known about constructed wetland principles and design Discussion of how to manage the treated wastewater leaving the vertical flow for increasing biodiversity, providing food and habitat for birds, and producing harvestable biomass or crops Includes case studies of constructed wetlands in developing countries
Download or read book Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment written by Alexandros I. Stefanakis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking book on the application of the economic and environmentally effective treatment of industrial wastewater Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment contains a review of the state-of-the-art applications of constructed wetland technology for industrial wastewater treatment. This green technology offers many economic, environmental, and societal advantages. The text examines the many unique uses and the effectiveness of constructed wetlands for the treatment of complex and heavily polluted wastewater from various industrial sources. The editor — a noted expert in the field — and the international author team (93 authors from 22 countries) present vivid examples of the current state of constructed wetlands in the industrial sector. The text is filled with international case studies and research outcomes and covers a wide range of applications of these sustainable systems including facilities such as the oil and gas industry, agro-industries, paper mills, pharmaceutical industry, textile industry, winery, brewery, sludge treatment and much more. The book reviews the many system setups, examines the different removal and/or transformational processes of the various pollutants and explores the overall effectiveness of this burgeoning technology. This important resource: Offers the first, groundbreaking text on constructed wetlands use for industrial wastewater treatment Provides a single reference with summarized information and the state-of-the-art knowledge of the use of Constructed Wetlands in the industrial sector through case studies, research outcomes and review chapters Covers a range of industrial applications such as hydrocarbons/oil and gas industry, food and beverage, wood and leather processing, agro-industries, pharmaceuticals and many others Includes best practices drawn by a collection of international case studies Presents the latest technological developments in the industry Written for civil and environmental engineers, sustainable wastewater/water managers in industry and government, Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment is the first book to offer a comprehensive review of the set-up and effectiveness of constructed wetlands for a wide range of industrial applications to highlight the diverse economic and environmental benefits this technology brings to the industry.
