Download or read book Constitutional Orphan written by Paula A. Monopoli and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "On August 26, 1920, these words became part of the United States Constitution as its Nineteenth Amendment. The requisite thirty- six states had ratified the amendment in the year since its enactment by Congress on June 4, 1919. A revolution in women's rights, spanning over seventy years, came to a quiet conclusion as Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby signed the measure into law in the privacy of his home at eight o'clock in the morning.1 None of the prominent suffrage leaders of the day, including the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) president, Carrie Chapman Catt; or the National Woman's Party (NWP) chair, Alice Paul, were at the signing.2 Catt was later invited to go to the State Department to see the proclamation, but no similar invitation was extended to the more militant Paul. Paul had been a thorn in the side of President Woodrow Wilson, with her White House picketing and willingness to be imprisoned for the vote.3 Ratification was followed by ten years of litigation- most of it in state courts- during which the meaning and scope of the Nineteenth Amendment was contested. In its most literal sense, the Nineteenth Amendment did not confer a "right" to vote per se. Rather, it simply prohibited the states or the federal government from using sex as a criterion for voter eligibility.4 In other words, its ratification meant that state and federal impediments to voting based on sex were now unconstitutional. It did not mean that all women in the United States could vote.5 As a matter of law, the Nineteenth Amendment meant that states could not prevent African American women from voting based solely on their sex. Yet vast numbers of African American women were prevented from voting in the November 1920 presidential election that followed on the heels of ratification.6 They faced the same impediments- poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and physical intimidation- used to prevent their male counterparts from voting after ratification of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.7 Those amendments conferred citizenship on previously enslaved persons and barred state or federal restrictions on voting based on race, color, and previous condition of servitude"--

Download or read book Constitutional Orphan written by Paula A. Monopoli and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-07 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of the ramifications of the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment and the divisions it created in the courts and Congress, and in the women's movement itself. Constitutional Orphan explores the role of former suffragists in the constitutional development of the Nineteenth Amendment, during the decade following its ratification in 1920. It examines the pivot to new missions, immediately after ratification, by two national suffrage organizations, the National Woman's Party and the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The NWP turned from suffrage to a federal equal rights amendment. NAWSA became the National League of Women Voters, and turned to voter education and social welfare legislation. The book then connects that pivot by both groups, to the emergence of a thin conception of the Nineteenth Amendment, as a matter of constitutional interpretation. It surfaces the history around the Congressional failure to enact enforcement legislation, pursuant to the Nineteenth, and connects that with the NWP's perceived need for southern Congressional votes for the ERA. It also explores the choice to turn away from African American women suffragists asking for help to combat voter suppression efforts, after the November 1920 presidential election; and then evaluates the deep divisions among NWP members, some of whom were social feminists who opposed the ERA, and the NLWV, which supported the social feminists in that opposition. The book also analyzes how state courts, left without federal enforcement legislation to constrain or guide them, used strict construction to cabin the emergence of a more robust interpretation of the Nineteenth. It concludes with an examination of new legal scholarship, which suggests broader ways in which the Nineteenth could be used today to expand gender equality.

Download or read book The Constitution and Laws of the Orphan Asylum of the City of New York written by Orphan Asylum Society (New York, N.Y.) and published by . This book was released on 1810 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Illinois Convened January 6 1920 written by Illinois. Constitutional Convention and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Our Changing Constitution written by Charles Wheeler Pierson and published by Library of Alexandria. This book was released on 2015-12-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citizens of the United States are wont to think of their form of government, a political system based on a written constitution, as something fixed and stable. In reality, it is undergoing a profound change. The idea which constituted its most distinctive feature, and in the belief of many represents America's most valuable contribution to the science of government, is being forgotten. Formed to be "an indestructible Union composed of indestructible states," our dual system is losing its duality. The states are fading out of the picture. The aim of this volume is to point out the change and discuss some of its aspects. A few chapters have already appeared in print. "Our Changing Constitution" and "Is the Federal Corporation Tax Constitutional?" were published in the Outlook. "The Corporation Tax Decision" appeared in the Yale Law Journal. "Can Congress Tax the Income from State and Municipal Bonds?" was printed in the New York Evening Post. All of these have been more or less revised and some new matter has been added.Ê

Download or read book A Constitution and Plan of Education for Girard College for Orphans written by Francis Lieber and published by Philadelphia : Carey, Lea and Blanchard. This book was released on 1834 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Debates and Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the State of California Convened at the City of Sacramento Saturday September 28 1878 written by California. Constitutional Convention and published by . This book was released on 1881 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Debates and Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the State of California Convened at the City of Sacramento Saturday September 28 1978 written by California and published by . This book was released on 1881 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Revised Record of the Constitutional Convention of the State of New York May 8 1894 to September 29 1894 written by New York (State). Constitutional Convention and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 1300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Religious Freedom and the Constitution written by Christopher L. Eisgruber and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-10 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religion has become a charged token in a politics of division. In disputes about faith-based social services, public money for religious schools, the Pledge of Allegiance, Ten Commandments monuments, the theory of evolution, and many other topics, angry contestation threatens to displace America's historic commitment to religious freedom. Part of the problem, the authors argue, is that constitutional analysis of religious freedom has been hobbled by the idea of "a wall of separation" between church and state. That metaphor has been understood to demand that religion be treated far better than other concerns in some contexts, and far worse in others. Sometimes it seems to insist on both contrary forms of treatment simultaneously. Missing has been concern for the fair and equal treatment of religion. In response, the authors offer an understanding of religious freedom called Equal Liberty. Equal Liberty is guided by two principles. First, no one within the reach of the Constitution ought to be devalued on account of the spiritual foundation of their commitments. Second, all persons should enjoy broad rights of free speech, personal autonomy, associative freedom, and private property. Together, these principles are generous and fair to a wide range of religious beliefs and practices. With Equal Liberty as their guide, the authors offer practical, moderate, and appealing terms for the settlement of many hot-button issues that have plunged religious freedom into controversy. Their book calls Americans back to the project of finding fair terms of cooperation for a religiously diverse people, and it offers a valuable set of tools for working toward that end.

Download or read book Catholic Charities and the Constitutional Convention of 1894 of the State of New York written by Catholic Club of New York and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Defeat is an Orphan written by Myra MacDonald and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When India and Pakistan held nuclear tests in 1998, they restarted the clock on an intense competition that had begun with Partition. Nuclear weapons restored strategic parity, erasing the advantage of India's much larger military. But the shield offered by nuclear weapons also encouraged a reckless reliance by Pakistan on militant proxies even as jihadis spun out of control within and beyond its borders. In the years that followed, Pakistan would lose decisively to India, sacrificing its own domestic stability in a failed attempt to assert its claim to Kashmir and influence events in Afghanistan.Defeat is an Orphan tracks the defining episodes in the relationship between India and Pakistan from 1998, from bitter conflict in the mountains to military confrontation in the plains, from the hijacking of an Indian airliner to the Mumbai attacks. It is a frank history of an enduringly bitter relationship, set against the background of Islamist militancy in Pakistan and India's economic leap forward.

Download or read book Analytical Index to the Laws of Texas 1823 1905 both Dates Inclusive written by Cadwell Walton Raines and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Amendments to the Constitution and Proposed Statutes with Arguments Respecting the Same written by and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Collapse of Constitutional Remedies written by Aziz Z. Huq and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book describes and explains the failure of the federal courts of the United States to act and to provide remedies to individuals whose constitutional rights have been violated by illegal state coercion and violence. This remedial vacuum must be understood in light of the original design and historical development of the federal courts. At its conception, the federal judiciary was assumed to be independent thanks to an apolitical appointment process, a limited supply of adequately trained lawyers (which would prevent cherry-picking), and the constraining effect of laws and constitutional provision. Each of these checks quickly failed. As a result, the early federal judicial system was highly dependent on Congress. Not until the last quarter of the nineteenth century did a robust federal judiciary start to emerge, and not until the first quarter of the twentieth century did it take anything like its present form. The book then charts how the pressure from Congress and the White House has continued to shape courts behaviour-first eliciting a mid-twentieth-century explosion in individual remedies, and then driving a five-decade long collapse. Judges themselves have not avidly resisted this decline, in part because of ideological reasons and in part out of institutional worries about a ballooning docket. Today, as a result of these trends, the courts are stingy with individual remedies, but aggressively enforce the so-called "structural" constitution of the separation of powers and federalism. This cocktail has highly regressive effects, and is in urgent need of reform"--

Download or read book Official Journal of the Proceedings of the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana and the Legislative Calendar written by Louisiana. Legislature. Senate and published by . This book was released on 1884 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Documental History of Law Cases Affecting Japanese in the United States 1916 1924 Japanese land cases written by and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 1078 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: