Download or read book Consolidation of the U S Defense Industrial Base Impact on Research Expenditures written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1993, there were 21 companies doing major defense aerospace work -- today there are five: Boeing, Raytheon, Litton Industries, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Grumman. The battle for the shrinking defense budget has resulted in not only mergers, but also an increased emphasis on the formation of partnerships among defense contractors. As the defense industry has consolidated, the remaining firms have been forced to cut back on internal research and development (R & D) expenditures and other efforts to innovate due to cost pressures. Should we expect a further reduction in internal R & D efforts by contractors? How does the number of competitors vying for a particular contract affect the overall level of R & D? Does it matter whether we have consolidation via acquisition, mergers, or bankruptcy? The theory described in the model provides clear predictions for partnership behavior as the publicness of the prize they pursue changes. The analysis suggests that when relationships among partners change, the fate of the partnership will tend to change along ways conjectured by Olson and Zeckhauser (1966). That is, the partnership will expend more resources if the spending by one member provides less benefit to the other member. Although the behavior on the part of partnership members didn't follow the predictions exactly as predicted, there is still strong evidence of a reduction in partnership spending as the publicness of the prize increases. Specifically, we observed a reduction of approximately 30 percent in partnership spending as the publicness increased. Additionally, there is an overall decrease of approximately 25 percent in total research expenditures by all firms competing. The experimental results provide fairly strong support for the Olson and Zeckhauser conjecture. The implication of the study is clear -- as defense contractors rely more and more on partnerships, alliances and/or teams, fewer resources can be expected to be devoted to research.
Download or read book Defense Industrial Base written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Diminishing Economic and Strategic Viability of the U S Defense Industrial Base written by Jacques S. Gansler and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Defense Industrial Base DoD Needs Better Method of Identifying Critical Technology Funding written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public Law 101-189 requires the Secretary of Defense to prepare an annual Critical Technologies Plan beginning in 1989 that identifies technologies considered critical for ensuring the long-term superiority of U.S. weapon systems. During congressional hearings for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991, DoD was unable to provide detailed information on the funding of the critical technologies. This lack of information was cited during the hearings as a major obstacle in effectively managing the defense industrial base. The Office of the Secretary of Defense is responsible for coordinating the DoD data collection effort. The Office of the Secretary of Defense requested the military services and defense agencies to review their Science and Technology Programs and estimate funding for the critical technologies. DoD funds the critical technologies directly through the Science and Technology Program and indirectly through Independent Research and Development/Bid and Proposal (IR & D/B & P) costs. Under the Science and Technology Program, military services and defense agencies finance research by universities, contractors, and government laboratories. In fiscal year 1991, DoD received $8.5 billion for the Science and Technology Program. Contractors are reimbursed for their IR & D/B & P expenditures through overhead in contract costs. In fiscal year 1990, contractors spent $7.3 billion on IR & D/B & P, and over $3.6 billion was reimbursed by the government. The Office of the Secretary of Defense's methodology for identifying the funding for the designated critical technologies did not include collecting data on the extent to which defense contractors use their IR & D/B & P funds to invest in the critical technologies, asking the military services to link funding to the specific technical goals contained in the plan, and developing data on actual expenditures.
Download or read book Defense Industry Consolidation Competitive Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sharp decline in spending by DOD since 1985 has resulted in a dramatic consolidation in the defense industry. The defense industry is more concentrated today than at any time in more than half a century. As the single customer for many products of the defense industry, DOD must have the ability to identify and address potential harmful effects of mergers and acquisitions. Questions have been raised about whether the consolidation has gone too far-adversely affecting competition in the industry. Many defense industry transactions are recent, and there is little evidence that the increased consolidation has adversely affected current DOD programs. Antitrust reviews have identified some problems, and remedies have been implemented. However, the consolidation could pose future problems unless DOD takes actions to improve its ability to identify problem areas and devise alternative ways to maintain competition in defense acquisition programs. There are several approaches DOD can take to maintain competition. For example, it can design acquisition strategies to compete missions rather than products and direct research and development funding to develop alternative suppliers or technologies. However DOD cannot know what action to take unless it has adequate visibility into the industrial base-especially at the lower tiers. Progress has been slow in gaining that visibility.
Download or read book Defense Restructuring and the Future of the U S Defense Industrial Base written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study effort focused on addressing five fundamental questions about the evolving character and future structure of the relationship between U.S. industry and national defense. How has the character and structure of the defense industrial base changed over the last ten years? How has the process of industrial consolidation contributed to meeting the needs of both industry and the nation? How do broader economic, technological, and policy trends affect the consolidation process? How is the government's acquisition system responding to changes in industry? What policy options should the nation's leaders consider in order to increase the nation's access to leading-edge defense products.
Download or read book The Defense Industrial Base written by Nayantara D. Hensel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US and international defense industrial sectors have faced many challenges over the last twenty years, including cycles of growth and shrinkage in defense budgets, shifts in strategic defense priorities, and macroeconomic volatility. In the current environment, the defense sector faces a combination of these challenges and must struggle with the need to maintain critical aspects of the defense industrial base as defense priorities change and as defense budgets reduce or plateau. Moreover, the defense sector in the US is interconnected both with defense sectors in other countries and with other industry sectors in the US and global economies. As a result, strategic decisions made in one defense sector impact the defense sectors of other countries, as well as other areas of the economy. Given her academic, corporate, and Department of Defense experience as a leading economist and policy-maker, Dr. Nayantara Hensel is perfectly positioned to examine the interrelationship between these forces both historically and in the current environment, and to assess the implications for the future global defense industrial base.
Download or read book Review of the Future of the U S Aerospace Infrastructure and Aerospace Engineering Disciplines to Meet the Needs of the Air Force and the Department of Defense written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-10-27 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Principal Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition requested that the National Research Council (NRC) review the Air Force's planned acquisition programs to determine if, given its scale, the highly talented scientific, technical, and engineering personnel base could be maintained, to identify issues affecting the engineering and science work force, and to identify issues affecting the aerospace industry's leadership in technology development, innovation, and product quality, as well as its ability to support Air Force missions.
Download or read book National Technology and Industrial Base Integration written by Rhys McCormick and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of Section 881 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, which expanded the legal definition of the National Technology and Industrial Base (NTIB) to include the United Kingdom and Australia, this report informs NTIB partners on barriers and opportunities for effective integration. The expansion of the NTIB is based on the principle that defense trade between the United States and its closest allies enables a host of benefits, including increased access to innovation, economies of scale, and interoperability. In order to reap the greatest benefits of a new era of NTIB, this report uses the lessons learned from study of the present state of integration to identify areas of opportunity for policy reforms and greater cooperation.
Download or read book Transforming the defense industrial base a roadmap written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Changing Dynamics of U S Defense Spending written by Leon V. Sigal and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A behind-the-scenes look at the environment for defense policy and budgeting—in Congress, the news media, and the defense industry—reveals that the appearance of stability is deceiving. Pressures are building for change. Defense spending has leveled off at about $265 billion a year in outlays. Current commitments to preserve the existing force while purchasing new weaponry are creating significant budget issues which must be addressed. This book probes beneath the surface to show how the political base for defense spending is eroding. The economic benefits of defense spending and of foreign military sales are increasingly concentrated. A few well-placed members are now the main beneficiaries of add-ons to the budget. At the same time, mergers and acquisitions have left the defense industrial base largely intact, with new weapons filling every production line. Yet it will take sharp increases in the defense budget to fund these new weapons, increases that may not be politically viable. A provocative analysis by some of the leading scholars and researchers involved with defense and foreign policy issues, this will be of great interest to experts as well as general readers.
Download or read book Ebbing Opportunity Australia and the US National Technology and Industrial Base written by Brendan Thomas-Noone and published by United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. This book was released on 2019-11-25 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States’ National Technology and Industrial Base (NTIB) is a congressionally-mandated policy framework that is intended to foster a defence free-trade area among the defence-related research and development sectors of the United States, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. To date, however, the NTIB has only managed to facilitate limited bilateral cooperation between some members, falling well short of its goal. The US defence export control regime is one of the biggest barriers to NTIB integration. Specifically, bureaucratic fragmentation, its failure to treat trusted allies differently from other partners and its leaders’ reluctance to attempt politically costly reform are significant barriers to progress. Canberra’s ability to maintain its own competitive military advantage and to serve as an effective ally of the United States in the Indo-Pacific is threatened by real and growing opportunity costs in an age of rapid strategic and technological change that Australia and Australian industry face as a result of slow NTIB implementation. Australian leaders should elevate NTIB progress to the political level and accelerate efforts to make a strategic case in Washington as to why extensive and ambitious implementation of NTIB’s original vision is urgently needed.
Download or read book Economic Security Neglected Dimension of National Security written by National Defense University (U S ) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2011-12-27 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On August 24-25, 2010, the National Defense University held a conference titled “Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security?” to explore the economic element of national power. This special collection of selected papers from the conference represents the view of several keynote speakers and participants in six panel discussions. It explores the complexity surrounding this subject and examines the major elements that, interacting as a system, define the economic component of national security.
Download or read book Evaluating Consolidation and the Threat of Monopolies within Industrial Sectors written by Andrew P. Hunter and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economics scholars and policymakers have rung alarm bells about the increasing threat of consolidation within industrial sectors. This paper examines the importance of industrial concentration in U.S. defense acquisition in two ways: first, a direct relationship between concentration and performance outcomes; and second, a mediating relationship, where concentration influences performance through reduced competition for defense acquisition. The study created a large contract dataset incorporating economic statistics on industrial sectors and analyzed it using multilevel logit models. The study finds that subsector concentration correlates with greater rates of termination. Contrary to the hypothesis, competition is associated with higher rates of termination, and only single-offer competition is significantly associated with lower rates of cost ceiling breaches. Taken together, the results are consistent with the literature on the risk of concentration’s connection with market power but also suggest that the mechanisms of competition are worthy of future study.
Download or read book U S Manufacturing Capabilities written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Technology and Competitiveness and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Defense Procurement and the F 35 Joint Strike Fighter written by Bert Chapman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-27 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the development and evolution of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, a multinational aircraft endeavor involving the U.S. and many of its allies. The author provides a historical overview of jet fighter aircraft, discussing the different generations of these planes and their technical characteristics, as well as an outline of emerging international geopolitical and security trends the F-35 may see combat in. By examining the role of defense industries, domestic politics, and governmental oversight of the Joint Strike Fighter in various countries, the author concludes that this aircraft will be deployed in most of these countries to replace their aging jet fighter fleets and combat potential military aggression from China, Russia, and other revisionist international powers.
Download or read book Defence Industrial Strategy written by Great Britain: Ministry of Defence and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2005-12-15 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This strategy document sets out the Government's analysis of the UK's defence industrial capabilities requirement, and is divided into three parts: i) a strategic overview including information on the principles and processes that underpin procurement and industrial decisions, the need for transparency, the evolving defence industry environment, developments and innovation in defence research technology; ii) a review of different industrial sectors and cross-cutting industrial capabilities; and iii) how the strategy will be implemented and an assessment of implications for the Ministry of Defence and industry as a whole.
