Download or read book Budget Consolidation written by Mr.Douglas Laxton and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper evaluates the costs and benefits of fiscal consolidation using simulations based on the IMFs global DSGE model GIMF. Over the longer run, well-targeted permanent reductions in budget deficits lead to a considerable increase in both the growth rate and the level of output. The gains may be enhanced by shifting some of the tax burden from incomes to consumption. In the short run, credibility plays a crucial role in determining the size of initial output loses. Global current account imbalances would be significantly reduced if budget consolidation was larger in countries with current account deficits.
Download or read book Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management written by Mr.Jack Diamond and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-07-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, economics training in public finances has focused more on tax than public expenditure issues, and within expenditure, more on policy considerations than the more mundane matters of public expenditure management. For many years, the IMF's Public Expenditure Management Division has answered specific questions raised by fiscal economists on such missions. Based on this experience, these guidelines arose from the need to provide a general overview of the principles and practices observed in three key aspects of public expenditure management: budget preparation, budget execution, and cash planning. For each aspect of public expenditure management, the guidelines identify separately the differing practices in four groups of countries - the francophone systems, the Commonwealth systems, Latin America, and those in the transition economies. Edited by Barry H. Potter and Jack Diamond, this publication is intended for a general fiscal, or a general budget, advisor interested in the macroeconomic dimension of public expenditure management.
Download or read book Fiscal Consolidation in Southeastern European Countries written by Mr.Brian Olden and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the relative strengths and weaknesses of fiscal institutions in ten Southeastern European countries, using recent benchmarking methodologies developed by FAD. The assessment evaluates each country’s understanding of the scale of the fiscal adjustment challenge, its ability to develop a credible consolidation strategy, and its capacity to implement the strategy. Key institutional arrangements, are generally in place, including top-down budgeting and medium-term budget frameworks. Other institutional arrangements require further attention, including macro-fiscal forecasting, fiscal risk analysis, setting fiscal objectives, presence and role of independent fiscal agencies, and top-down parliamentary approval.
Download or read book Student consolidation loans further analysis could lead to enhanced default assumptions for budgetary cost estimates report to the Chairman Committee on the Budget House of Representatives written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monetary Policy in Times of Crisis written by Massimo Rostagno and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first twenty years of the European Central Bank offer a unique insight into how a central bank can navigate macroeconomic insecurity and crisis. This volume examines the structures and decision-making processes behind the complex measures taken by the ECB to tackle some of the toughest economic challenges in the history of modern Europe.
Download or read book A New Action Based Dataset of Fiscal Consolidation written by Mr.Daniel Leigh and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a new dataset of fiscal consolidation for 17 OECD economies during 1978-2009. We focus on discretionary changes in taxes and government spending primarily motivated by a desire to reduce the budget deficit and not by a response to prospective economic conditions. To identify the motivation and budgetary impact of the fiscal policy changes, we examine contemporaneous policy documents, including Budgets, Budget Speeches, central bank reports, Convergence and Stability Programs submitted by the authorities to the European Commission, and IMF and OECD reports. The resulting series can be used to estimate the macroeconomic effects of fiscal consolidation.
Download or read book Governments and Promised Fiscal Consolidations written by Mr.Sanjeev Gupta and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyses the causes and consequences of fiscal consolidation promise gaps, defined as the distance between planned fiscal adjustments and actual consolidations. Using 74 consolidation episodes derived from the narrative approach in 17 advanced economies during 1978 – 2015, the paper shows that promise gaps were sizeable (about 0.3 percent of GDP per year, or 1.1 percent of GDP during an average fiscal adjustment episode). Both economic and political factors explain the gaps: for example, greater electoral proximity, stronger political cohesion and higher accountability were all associated with smaller promise gaps. Finally, governments which delivered on their fiscal consolidation plans were rewarded by financial markets and not penalized by voters.
Download or read book From Stimulus to Consolidation Revenue and Expenditure Policies in Advanced and Emerging Economies written by International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-06-07 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review marks the 10th anniversary of the safeguards policy. Introduced in March 2000, the policy’s main objective is to mitigate potential risks of misuse of resources, including Fund resources, and misreporting of monetary program data. The policy was last reviewed in 2005, when the Executive Board re-affirmed the effectiveness of the policy, and its application to central banks. In keeping with previous reviews, a panel of experts was invited to provide advice for the Executive Board on the implementation of the policy, and recommendations to guide the focus and application of the policy going forward.
Download or read book Fiscal Consolidation and the Cost of Credit written by Ms.Senay Agca and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine how the cost of corporate credit varies around fiscal consolidations aimed at reducing government debt. Using a new dataset on fiscal consolidations and syndicated corporate loan data, we find that loan spreads increase with fiscal consolidations, especially for small firms, domestic firms, and for firms with limited alternative financing sources. These adverse effects are mitigated substantially if consolidations are large, and can be avoided if consolidations are also accompanied with more adaptable macroeconomic policies and implemented by a stable government. These findings suggest that lenders price the short-term recessionary effects in loans but large consolidations can reduce or undo the increase in spreads, especially under favorable country conditions, by signaling credibility and creating expansionary expectations.
Download or read book The State of Public Finances 2015 Strategies for Budgetary Consolidation and Reform in OECD Countries written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous OECD publications have tracked the fiscal policy responses adopted by OECD governments during the early years of the crisis (2007-2012). This book takes stock of how these responses have evolved in recent years, up to 2014/15.
Download or read book A Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993-12 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A basic reference document for persons interested in the federal budget-making process. Emphasizes budget terms in addition to relevant economic and accounting terms to help the user appreciate the dynamics of the budget process. Also distinguishes between any differences in budgetary and non-budgetary meanings of terms. Over 300 terms defined. Index. Appendices: overview of the federal budget process, budget functional classification, and more.
Download or read book Strategies for Fiscal Consolidation in the Post Crisis World written by Mr.Mauricio Villafuerte and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-09-17 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the global financial crisis, governments provided substantial support to the financial and other key sectors. Although this cushioned the adverse effects of the crisis, it is necessary now to articulate a strategy to ensure the sustainability of public finances. This paper discusses the scale and composition of fiscal adjustment that will need to occur once the recovery is securely under way. Although specific country-level circumstances will influence the composition of the adjustment and its political feasibility, in many cases restoring fiscal sustainability will require reforms to reduce spending and increase tax revenue.
Download or read book Successful Budget Consolidation written by Uwe Wagschal and published by Bertelsmann Foundation Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demographic change is one of the most important challenges for public finances in future. In the absence of counteractive measures, the increasing demand for expenditures from an ageing society will inevitably lead to a debt crisis in many European countries. Nevertheless, the impressive budget consolidations in some industrialized countries show that a reversal is possible. In Germany, the already strained state of public finances will even worsen in the medium term. On the revenue side, the retirement of the "baby boomer" generation will lead to decreasing revenues from taxes and social security contributions. In terms of expenditure, the ageing of society will cause higher outlays for pension payments and increase the demands for services provided by the social security system. Therefore, a strict budget consolidation is necessary. In view of the need for budget consolidation, Professor Uwe Wagschal at Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat in Heidelberg examines what factors can explain the successful budget consolidations in 23 OECD countries between 1980 and 2005. The international comparison shows how a successful budget consolidation can be achieved through a combination of expenditure cuts and revenue increases - accompanied by reforms of the political institutions. Book jacket.
Download or read book Fiscal Consolidation in Southeastern European Countries written by International Monetary Fund and published by . This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the relative strengths and weaknesses of fiscal institutions in ten Southeastern European countries, using recent benchmarking methodologies developed by FAD. The assessment evaluates each country’s understanding of the scale of the fiscal adjustment challenge, its ability to develop a credible consolidation strategy, and its capacity to implement the strategy. Key institutional arrangements, are generally in place, including top-down budgeting and medium-term budget frameworks. Other institutional arrangements require further attention, including macro-fiscal forecasting, fiscal risk analysis, setting fiscal objectives, presence and role of independent fiscal agencies, and top-down parliamentary approval.
Download or read book Budget Rigidity in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Santiago Herrera and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policy makers in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) often complain that poor fiscal performance in their countries is a result of a high degree of spending rigidity. Despite being a common complaint, the issue has remained largely ignored by the literature because of the lack of adequate measures of rigidity that allow cross-country and time series comparability. This report helps close this gap by introducing a new measure of spending rigidities that can be easily applied to multiple countries. It focuses on the categories of spending that are naturally inflexible--wages, pensions, transfers to subnational governments, and debt service--and separates them into two components: structural and nonstructural. The structural component is determined by economic, demographic, and institutional fundamentals. The nonstructural component is determined by short-run transitory factors associated with business and political cycles. The degree of rigidity of spending is then proxied by the ratio of structural spending to total spending, with a higher value indicating that spending is driven mostly by factors out of the policy makers’ control. This concept of rigidity was applied to 120 countries for the years 2000†“17 and produced several interesting results: • Advanced economies and developing countries in other regions have higher levels of rigidity than countries in LAC. • The sources of rigidity vary by country. • Higher rigidity is associated with higher spending levels, higher tax rates, higher public debt, and lower efficiency of public spending. • Rigidity has pervasive effects on fiscal sustainability, increasing the country’s financing needs and reducing the probability of the country starting a fiscal adjustment. Given these pervasive effects of spending rigidity, the report concludes by discussing several policies to contain the sources of rigidity in the long term, ranging from the importance of deepening the pension reform process to the need of establishing strong fiscal institutions promoting medium-term fiscal planning.
Download or read book Fiscal Responsibility and Federal Consolidation Loans written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and the Workforce and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Stimulus to Consolidation written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-10-06 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper identifies policy tools that could be used for fiscal consolidation in advanced and emerging economies in the years ahead. The consolidation strategy, particularly in advanced countries, should aim to stabilize age-related spending in relation to GDP, reduce non-age-related expenditure ratios, and increase revenues. Bold reforms are needed to offset projected increases in age-related spending, particularly health care. On the revenue side, measures could include improving tax compliance, for example through better international cooperation, as well as increasing the yield from VAT by eliminating exemptions and reduced rates, further developing property taxes, and increasing excise rates within the range of rates already applicable in comparable countries.
