Download or read book Connexin Hemichannels written by Fabio Mammano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels written by Taylor & Francis Group and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gap junction channels are a group of intercellular channels expressed in tissues and organs to synchronize many physiological processes. A gap junction channel is formed by the docking of two hemichannels, and each hemichannel is a hexamer of connexins. The field of gap junction channel and hemichannel research has recently exploded and became one of the most active areas of cell biology. Numerous novel approaches and techniques have been developed, but there is no single book dedicated to the unique techniques and protocols employed for the research on these large pore channels. This book fills the gap and focuses on protocols, approaches and reviews of gap junction channels and connexin hemichannels. It will be a useful reference for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and researchers. Anyone with an interest in gap junction channels and hemichannels will need this summary of state-of-the-art techniques and protocols.
Download or read book Hemichannels from the molecule to the function written by Mauricio Antonio Retamal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coordinated cell interactions are required to accomplish several complex and dynamic tasks observed in several tissues. Cell function may be coordinated by cell-to-cell communication through gap junctions channels (GJCs). These channels are formed by the serial docking of two hemichannels, which in turn are formed by six protein subunits called connexins (Cxs). It is well known that GJCs are involved in several functions, such as intercellular propagation of calcium waves, spread of electrotonic potentialsand spatial buffering of ions and metabolites. On the other hand, undocked hemichannels, which are not forming GJCs, can also serve other functions as “free hemichannels”. Currently, it is recognized that undocked hemichannels may have functional relevance in cell physiology allowing diffusional exchange of ions and small molecules between intra- and extra-cellular compartments. Additionally, another family of proteins calls pannexins (Panx) also forms functional hemichannels at the plasma membrane. Recently, Panxhemichannels have been involved in both pathological and physiological processes. Controlled hemichannel opening allows the release of small signaling molecules including ATP, glutamate, NAD+, adenosine, cyclic nucleotides, PGE2. They also allow uptake of relevant signaling molecules (e.g., cADPR) and metabolites (e.g., glucose). Additionally, a growing body of evidence shows that hemichannels are involved in important processes, such glucose detection in tanicytes, activation of the inflammasome, memory consolidation in the basolateral amygdala, potentiation of muscle contraction and release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells, among others. However, hemichannels can also play an important role in the homeostatic imbalance observed in diverse chronic diseases. In fact, massive and/or uncontrolled hemichannel opening induces or accelerates cell death in several pathological conditions including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, ischemia, oculodentodigital dysplasia, hydrotic ectodermic dysplasia, inflammatory responses, and deafness. Hemichannel-mediated cell death is due mainly to an entry of Ca+2. The latter activates proteases, nucleases and lipases, causing irreversible cell damage. An increasing amount of evidence demonstrates that blockade of uncontrolled hemichannel opening greatly reduces the cellular damage observed in several chronic diseases models. Therefore, Cx and Panx-hemichannels appear as promising drug targets for clinical treatment of human chronic diseases. Therefore, pharmacological tools are urgently needed to further elucidate hemichannels functions and to validate them as drug targets for the development of novel therapies for connexin-based diseases. Thus, understanding the role of Cx and Panx-hemichannels under physiological conditions and recognizing the molecular mechanisms controlling them, may provide us with a better picture of the hemichannels participation in some diseases and of the signals underlying their malfunctioning.
Download or read book Cell Cell Channels written by František Baluška and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-28 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers cell-cell channels at all levels of biological organization. The purpose of this book is to document that cells are not physically separated and fully autonomous units of biological life as stated by the currently valid Cell Theory. If not the cell then some lower level unit must fulfill this role. The book deals also with the identity of this elusive unit of biological life.
Download or read book Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels written by Donglin Bai and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins Focus on the Nervous System written by Juan Andrés Orellana and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-09-26 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given that the extremely elaborated and dynamic functions performed by the nervous system require the close synchronization of brain cells, complex organisms have developed different mechanisms of intercellular communication. At this regard, paracrine signaling between neighboring cells is currently recognized as one of the most widely distributed mechanisms of synchronization in the brain parenchyma. In mammals, paracrine signaling is in part mediated by single membrane channels formed by connexins (connexons/hemichannels) or pannexins (pannexons), which are two different membrane protein families composed of about 20 and 3 members, respectively. Single membrane channels formed by these proteins serve as aqueous pores permeable to ions and small molecules, allowing the diffusional exchange between the intra- and extracellular milieu. Thus, connexin hemichannels and pannexons permit the release of significant quantities of autocrine/paracrine signaling molecules (e.g., ATP, glutamate, NAD+, adenosine and PGE2) into the extracellular milieu, as well as the uptake of small molecules. An increasing body of evidence has revealed that connexin hemichannels and pannexons play a crucial role in a plethora of brain processes including blood flow regulation, Ca2+ wave propagation, memory consolidation, glucose sensing and cell migration and adhesion. Considering the multiple cell signaling functions of these channels, their dysregulation is proposed not only as potential pathological biomarker, but it has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of diverse brain diseases (e.g., meningitis, Alzheimer’s disease and stroke). The aim of this Research Topic is to gather a collection of original research articles, method, protocols, short communications, opinions, perspectives, as well as review articles, providing the latest progress and insights in the field of connexin hemichannels and pannexons in the nervous system. Within this volume we plan to cover from basic research including channel structure, regulation, pharmacology and trafficking; to different biological functions in the physiology (behavior, plasticity, neurogenesis, blood flow control, neuron-glia crosstalk, cell migration and differentiation) as well as in the pathophysiology (neuroinflammation, mutation-related diseases, glial dysfunction and neurodegeneration) of the nervous system. We hope that this collection of articles will serve to understand how the signaling of connexin hemichannels and pannexons influences both normal and pathological brain function.
Download or read book The Pore of Connexin Hemichannels written by Meiyun Ma and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Post Genomic Cardiology written by José Marín-García and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 935 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this second edition of Post-Genomic Cardiology, developing and new technologies such as translational genomics, next generation sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics, and systems biology in molecular cardiology are assessed in light of their therapeutic potential. As new methods of mutation screening emerge, both for the genome and for the “epigenome, comprehensive understanding of the many mutations that underlie cardiovascular diseases and adverse drug reactions is within our reach. This book, written by respected cardiologist José Marín-García, features discussion on the Hap-Map: the largest international effort to date aiming to define the differences between our individual genomes. This unique reference further reviews and investigates genome sequences from our evolutionary relatives that could help us decipher the signals of genes, and offers a comprehensive and critical evaluation of regulatory elements from the complicated network of the background DNA. Offers updated discussion of cutting-edge molecular techniques including new genomic sequencing / NGS / Hap-Map / bioinformatics / systems biology approaches Analyzes mitochondria dynamics and their role in cardiac dysfunction, up-to-date analysis of cardio-protection, and cardio-metabolic syndrome Presents recent translational studies, gene therapy, transplantation of stem cells, and pharmacological treatments in CVDs
Download or read book Intercellular Communication through Gap Junctions written by Y. Kanno and published by Newnes. This book was released on 1995-02-09 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on intercellular communication through gap junctions has continued to expand, and the meeting on which this book is based brought together many scientists from many different countries and disciplines. In line with the objective of the meeting, this volume focuses on the biological meaning of intercellular communication through gap junctions in various organs. The most recent up-to-date findings have been included in this extensive volume, valuable to all those interested in this rapidly expanding field.
Download or read book Connexins written by Andrew Harris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-09 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connexins: A Guide is a practical and valuable reference and text covering a wide scope of information about the connexin family of membrane channel proteins. The editors and contributing authors intend for this cutting-edge work to be informative to scientists wishing to learn about the field, as well as to those who are active researchers in this area. Connexins: A Guide masterfully addresses specific needs of the scientific community; it is a comprehensive and comprehensible narrative of the uncommonly diverse connexin field, making previously hard-to-find information easily accessible, while also presenting intelligible insights into the extensive experimental methods and conceptual frameworks necessary to appreciate and understand the important roles that connexin channel proteins play in health and disease.
Download or read book Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography
Download or read book The Regulation of Connexin Hemichannels by Metabolic and Osmolar Stress written by David A. Cesario and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Properties and Regulation of Gap Junctional Hemichannels in the Plasma Membranes of Cultured Cells written by Haiying Li and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Connexins The Gap Junction Proteins written by Dr. Mahboob Ul Hussain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-06 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gap-junction proteins, connexins are important cellular entities that regulate various facets of cellular physiology. The connexins constitute large family of proteins. The present book provides basic overview about various aspects of connexin proteins. The book has tried to touch the fundamental aspects of connexin family. This book will be useful to broad audience that includes under-and post-graduate students, research scholars, clinicians, etc. The reference section at the end of the book will be helpful for those who seek to know deeper details about this family of proteins.
Download or read book Regenerative Pharmacology written by George J. Christ and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art primer on the role of pharmacological sciences in regenerative medicine, for advanced students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers.
Download or read book Connexin Methods and Protocols written by Roberto Bruzzone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct cell–cell communication is a common property of multicellular organisms that is achieved through membrane channels which are organized in gap junctions. The protein subunits of these intercellular channels, the connexins, form a multigene family that has been investigated in great detail in recent years. It has now become clear that, in different tissues, connexins speak several languages that control specific cellular functions. This progress has been made possible by the availability of new molecular tools and the improvement of basic techniques for the study of membrane channels, as well as by the use of genetic approaches to study protein function in vivo. More important, connexins have gained visibility because mutations in some connexin genes have been found to be linked to human genetic disorders. Connexin Methods and Protocols presents in detail a collection of te- niques currently used to study the cellular and molecular biology of connexins and their physiological properties. The field of gap junctions and connexin research has always been characterized by a multidisciplinary approach c- bining morphology, biochemistry, biophysics, and cellular and molecular biology. This book provides a series of cutting-edge protocols and includes a large spectrum of practical methods that are available to investigate the fu- tion of connexin channels. Connexin Methods and Protocols is divided into three main parts.
Download or read book Ion Channels Channel Chemical Biology Engineering and Physiological Function written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-06-12 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion Channels, Part C, Volume 653 in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of topics, including Nonsense suppression in ion channels, Engineering Ion Channels Using Protein Trans-splicing, Probing Ion Channel Neighborhoods Using APEX, STX based probes for NaVs, ANAP: a versatile, fluorescent probe of ion channel gating and regulation, High Throughput Screens for Small Molecule Ion Channel Modulators, Using toxins to study ion channels, Re/de-constructing ubiquitin regulation of ion channels, Tethered Peptide Toxins for Ion Channels, Voltage-Sensing Phosphatase Molecular Engineering, and more. Additional chapters cover Engineering excitable cells, Stretch and Poke Stimulation of Mechanically-Activated Ion Channels, Optical Control of STIM Channels, High Throughput Electrophysiological Evaluation of Mutant Ion Channels, Evaluating BEST1 Mutations in RPE Stem Cells, Long Read Transcript Profiling of Ion Channel Splice Variants, Permeation of Connexin Channels, Ratiometric pH indicator for melanosomes and lysosomes, and Ion channels in the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series
