Download or read book AP French Language and Culture Premium 2023 2024 3 Practice Tests Comprehensive Review Online Audio and Practice written by Eliane Kurbegov and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-07-05 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Be prepared for exam day with Barron’s. Trusted content from AP experts! Barron’s AP French Language and Culture includes in-depth content review and online and audio practice. It’s the only book you’ll need to be prepared for exam day. Written by Experienced Educators Learn from Barron’s--all content is written and reviewed by AP experts Build your understanding with comprehensive review tailored to the most recent exam Get a leg up with tips, strategies, and study advice for exam day--it’s like having a trusted tutor by your side Be Confident on Exam Day Sharpen your test-taking skills with 3 full-length practice tests--2 in the book and 1 more online Strengthen your knowledge with in-depth review covering all Units on the AP French Language and Culture Exam Reinforce your learning with practice by tackling the review questions at the end of each chapter Interactive Online Practice Continue your practice with a full-length practice test on Barron’s Online Learning Hub Simulate the exam experience with a timed test option Deepen your understanding with detailed answer explanations and expert advice Gain confidence with automated scoring to check your learning progress Practice by listening to spoken French with authentic audio passages for all listening comprehension exercises
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Consumer Protection and Behaviour in Energy Markets written by Tina Soliman Hunter and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-09-27 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Consumer Protection and Behaviour in Energy Markets provides a comprehensive study of consumer protection and consumer behaviour in selected jurisdictions worldwide. Each chapter is written by experts and provides a contemporary overview of national consumer protection and policy developments in the energy sector. Today energy has become an essential factor in ensuring the socio-economic development of any country and improving the quality of life of society and is now an essential element of life for everyone. The energy market has become a competitive market, based on the assumption that generation and sale of energy is not a natural monopoly and that market mechanisms, in particular competition between energy companies, are the best way to reduce prices and improve customer service. The purchase of energy is inextricably linked with its distribution from the producer to the purchaser. The book shows that well-functioning energy markets need informed and well protected consumers, who can benefit from competition and transparent offers. They are free to choose the most competitive providers, and know their rights, with access to effective means of redress. Given that the energy market has a specific, technical nature, the book analyses the energy market within the scope of free market principles, with a focus on the protection of the weaker party to the contract: the consumer. In addition, consumers can also play an active part of the clean energy transition.
Download or read book Dawn Raids Under Challenge written by Helene Andersson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-13 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2nd edition of this book provides an updated comprehensive analysis of the European Commission's dawn raid practices from a due process perspective. Examining the obligations imposed by the Charter and the ECHR and the response of the Luxembourg and Strasbourg Courts, the book shows that whereas the Strasbourg Court manages to strike a balance between efficiency concerns and fundamental rights, the approach of the EU Courts is not equally balanced. The dawn raid is a powerful tool on which the European Commission relies heavily in its antitrust investigations. In 2022, the Commission carried out dawn raids in private homes for the first time in many years and it has declared its intent to make greater use of the power to inspect private premises. Furthermore, the European Commission is expanding its dawn raid practices into new areas of law. Both the Digital Markets Act and the Foreign Subsidies Regulation empower the Commission to carry out dawn raids and to impose heavy fines on anyone failing to cooperate. Ensuring adequate procedural safeguards is therefore more important than ever. The book provides an essential and timely examination of this important subject, and is of great practical interest to companies, practitioners, and enforcers. It is also of theoretical interest, offering stimulating reflections on the effectiveness and legitimacy of the Commission's enforcement powers.
Download or read book Blockchain Antitrust written by Schrepel, Thibault and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative and original book explores the relationship between blockchain and antitrust, highlighting the mutual benefits that stem from cooperation between the two and providing a unique perspective on how law and technology could cooperate.
Download or read book Agrifood market regulation and contractual relationships in the light of directive eu 633 2019 written by Raffaele Torino and published by Roma TrE-Press. This book was released on 2023-10-05 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Il volume collettaneo analizza le tematiche connesse alla disciplina dei rapporti tra i diversi attori della filiera agroalimentare alla luce della Direttiva UE 2019/633 “in materia di pratiche commerciali sleali nei rapporti tra imprese nella filiera agricola e alimentare” e della sua attuazione negli Stati membri, nell’ottica della più ampia problematica della disciplina del mercato agroalimentare. In tale prospettiva, nella prima parte del volume la disciplina dei rapporti contrattuali della filiera agroalimentare viene inquadrata nell’ambito della PAC e della disciplina della concorrenza, evidenziandosi altresì le connessioni con altri profili di rilievo; nella seconda parte, l’analisi si concentra sull’attuazione della Direttiva UE 2019/633 nei diversi Stati membri, al fine di evidenziare i punti di forza e le debolezze del mutato quadro normativo europeo. DOI: 10.13134/979-12-5977-231-2
Download or read book Corporatisation in Local Government written by Marieke Van Genugten and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-01 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive comparison of municipally owned corporations in Europe. Municipal corporatisation is the act of delivering public services at arm’s length from local government through municipally owned corporations. Although it has become an increasing trend in recent years, we still know little about cross-country differences in what these municipally owned corporations look like, what legislation applies to them, and how they are governed. This book seeks to fill this gap. Each chapter outlines the legal provisions that enable or hinder the formation of municipally owned corporations in a particular country, the trends around corporatisation, and the structure of the corporations that exist. Going beyond the national context, the book provides an overview of what unites countries in terms of the trend towards municipally owned corporations, and what differentiates them. It offers a critical comparison that will make finding regional and global trends easier for researchers, and will help practitioners to better understand the differences between countries to allow for greater collaborative policy learning.
Download or read book Research Handbook on the Enforcement of EU Law written by Miroslava Scholten and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-06 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive Research Handbook investigates the success of EU law enforcement processes. Going beyond traditional analyses of administrations and courts in isolation, it focuses on the increased cooperation seen between national and EU authorities, and on the widening variety of means used to enhance compliance with EU norms.
Download or read book Risk Management written by Céline Bérard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-04 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk management practices are growing both in number and complexity in businesses, notably driven by new regulatory standards that feature risk management at their core. Although large businesses are more likely to adopt a formal, holistic approach to risk management, the stakes are just as high for SMEs. Risk management in SMEs can contribute to a certain organizational, entrepreneurial and partnership dynamic which constitutes a real opportunity to evolve practices and improve performance. This book offers varied responses to this question by combining conceptual approaches, empirical illustrations and the associated managerial implications.
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Private Law and Sustainability written by Marta Santos Silva and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-05 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Private Law and Sustainability reflects on how the law can help tackle the current environmental challenges and make our societies more resilient to future crises. Sustainability has been high on the political agenda since the approval of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 and the EU Green Deal in 2019. The Green Agenda aims at making Europe the first climate‐neutral continent by 2050, but humanity persists in an ecological overshoot that puts at risk the survival of species, including that of our own. Drawing together a selection of leading thinkers in the field, this Handbook provides a curated overview of the most recent and relevant discussions for private lawyers related to environmental and sustainability concerns. The authors delve into case study examples from 20 countries in Europe and beyond and discuss a wide range of issues, including new property law and consumer law paradigms, the use of legal tech for promoting sustainable property management, strategies for fighting planned obsolescence, eco‐design, the servitisation economy, advances on corporate climate litigation and mandated green private sludges. Overall, the volume is designed to empower new generations of legal scholars to take an active role in the transition to a more sustainable future. It will also assist policymakers in producing better policy, through pinpointing the main legal issues that need to be addressed and offering a comparative overview of legal solutions and best practices. Divided into six key parts and overseen by a team of internationally recognised expert editors, this Handbook will be an essential resource for students, scholars, private lawyers and policymakers who wish to have a comprehensive, fundamental overview of how environmental sustainability concerns reflect on private law.
Download or read book Private Enforcement of Competition Law in Europe written by Rafael Amaro and published by Bruylant. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the reader to key legal provisions and case-law related to the procedural and substantive issues that may arise in damages litigation for breach of anti-competitive agreements and abuses of a dominant position prohibitions. For the past decade, academic publications have focused on the proposal for a Directive on damages actions, then the Directive 2014/104/EU of 26 November 2014 itself, and finally the transposition texts. However, this understandable interest should not lead to overlook the fact that the Directive has been applied very little until now. This is mainly due to its application ratione temporis. In addition to the fact that Member States only transposed the Directive between the end of 2016 and 2018, Article 22 of the Directive provides that the substantive rules contained in the Directive cannot be applied to infringements subsequent to the national laws transposing them, while the procedural rules of the Directive apply to proceedings commenced on or after 26 December 2014. Thus, it is prior domestic law that continues to govern the vast majority of cases before national courts in the “Pre-Directive era.” In addition, a number of issues of the utmost importance have not been addressed by the Directive, such as questions of international jurisdiction or the quantification of “interests.” For these reasons, it seemed necessary not to limit this book to commenting on the Directive, important as it is, but to go beyond it. Directed by Rafael Amaro, this book contains the contributions from leading academics, attorneys, jurists and economists in the field of the private enforcement of competition law. It is composed of thematic chapters dealing with matters such as applicable law in international litigation, limitation, quantification of damages, from both a European Union and a national perspective, as well as national chapters presenting the state of play in several European States.
Download or read book Trade Secrets Legal Protection written by Luc Desaunettes-Barbero and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-10 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the economic relevance of trade secrets, their legal protection is not based on a robust theoretical corpus, and a large uncertainty remains regarding how they should be legally apprehended. The present book investigates the foundations of their legal protection by assessing its justifications and aims to define how this legal apprehension should be organized. The book starts with a comparative analysis of the US and the EU legal frameworks. It demonstrates the parentship existing between the two systems of protection and highlights that the incremental structuring of trade secrets protection has led to legal systems lacking broad-based conceptual foundations. In both legal orders, trade secrets rely on blurred protection, formally anchored in unfair competition, the strength of which, however, comes closer to that offered by intellectual property law. In this convoluted architecture, the judiciary is required to play a decisive role, especially at the enforcement stage. However, the absence of clarity concerning the telos of trade secrets protection leads to legal uncertainty, potentially incoherent enforcement, and, all in all, to inefficient outcomes from a welfare perspective. The book then explores a theoretical framework based on a distinction between two legal objects: the undertakings’ secret sphere and secret pieces of information. Securing the undertakings’ secret sphere appears as a condition for the competition process to happen in an economy working under structural uncertainty. It requires objective regulations enforced by public authorities. On the other hand, the legal apprehension of secret pieces of information should be considered as falling within the realm of immaterial goods regulation aiming to solve the deficit of marketability of this type of good. This might call – after conducting a careful policy trade-off – for the establishment of relative (i.e. inter partes) subjective rights.
Download or read book Economics 1966 written by International Committee for Social Science Information and Documentation and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1968-07 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1968. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book The Max Planck Handbooks in European Public Law written by Armin von Bogdandy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-05-04 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Max Planck Handbooks in European Public Law series describes and analyzes the public law of the European legal space, an area that encompasses not only the law of the European Union but also the European Convention on Human Rights and, importantly, the domestic public laws of European states. Recognizing that the ongoing vertical and horizontal processes of European integration render legal comparison the task of our time for both scholars and practitioners, the project aims to foster a better understanding of the specific European legal pluralism and, ultimately, to contribute to the legitimacy and efficiency of European public law. The first volume of the series began this endeavour with an appraisal of the evolution of the state and its administration, offering both cross-cutting contributions and specific country reports. The third volume (the second in chronological terms) continues this approach with an in-depth appraisal of constitutional adjudication in various and diverse European countries. Fourteen country reports and two cross-cutting contributions investigate the antecedents, foundations, organization, procedure, and specific approach to constitutional issues throughout the Continent. The fourth volume now compares European constitutional jurisdiction in the European legal space. It examines the structures of the organization, the appointment of judges, the procedures and the methods of argumentation and interpretation, their impact on state and society, their legitimacy as well as their role in the division of powers, and thus completes the picture following the country reports in Volume III. This comparative perspective is supplemented by an examination that illustrates the relationship with the ECJ, the ECtHR, and the Venice Commission as well as their (constitutional) function. Finally, Constitutional Adjudication: Common Themes and Challenges is devoted to the challenges constitutional jurisdiction in the European judicial area is currently facing. The historical, political, and theoretical foundations as well as the basic dogmatic features of constitutional jurisdiction are presented in such a way that the discussion about its role and further development in this legal space is sustainably stimulated.
Download or read book International Cooperation Competition Authorities and Transnational Networks written by Mateusz Błachucki and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-11-30 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive study of the emergence, functioning and evolution of international cooperation among competition authorities. It presents an in-depth look at network cooperation taking place within international organisations, as well as networks based on binding international agreements and various informal networks, among others. It further identifies and analyses the forms of international cooperation among national competition authorities (NCAs) that are taking place within transnational competition networks. The book classifies these forms of cooperation by grouping them into three stages – soft, developed and enhanced cooperation – discussing each in detail. It thus reflects the evolution of the international cooperation process and provides insights as to its possible development. This work will be of interest to researchers, academics and advanced students in the fields of competition law, public administration, international relations and those interested in international competition law and its contribution to global public governance.
Download or read book Guide to EU and UK Pharmaceutical Regulatory Law written by Sally Shorthose and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2023-01-10 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the European Union (EU), its Member States and the United Kingdom (UK) post-Brexit, as elsewhere, the marketing of pharmaceuticals is subject to an ever more complex web of legislation and regulation, resulting from the intense scrutiny necessary to ensure such essential products are not only efficacious but also safe. This useful volume lays out this system with extraordinary clarity and logic. Adopting a Europe-wide perspective on the law governing pharmaceuticals, expert authors from the law firm Bird & Bird LLP map the life cycle of a medicinal product or medical device from development to clinical trials to product launch and ongoing pharmacovigilance, offering comprehensive and unambiguous guidance at every stage. Following a brief overview of how the exit from the EU by the UK currently affects the regulatory regime, as well as an introductory overview focusing on the regulatory framework for pharmaceuticals in Europe – from its underlying rationales to the relevant committees and agencies – each of the following twenty-one incisive chapters examines a particular process or subject. Among the many topics and issues covered from both an EU and UK perspective are the following: clinical trials; stages and standards for creating a product dossier; obtaining a marketing authorisation; how and when an abridged marketing authorisation procedure can be used; criteria for conditional marketing authorisations; generic products and ‘essential similarity’; paediatric use and the requisite additional trials; orphan medicinal products; biologicals and ‘biosimilars’; homeopathic, herbal and similar medicines; medical devices; pandemics, epidemics and vaccines; pharmacovigilance; parallel trade; advertising; and relevant competition law, intellectual property rights and data protection regulation. In addition, sample forms and URLs for the most important reference materials are included. Pharmaceutical lawyers and regulatory advisers, both in-house and in private practice, will welcome this unique book. It offers immeasurable value for all who need to understand the process of bringing a medicinal product or medical device to market and the continuing rights and obligations.
Download or read book Research Handbook on Soft Law written by Mariolina Eliantonio and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-11-03 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pioneering Research Handbook provides an in-depth scholarly overview of the field of soft law, exploring the scope of current thinking in the field as well as proposing future pathways for soft law research. Through theoretical and empirical analyses by established voices in the field, the Research Handbook offers important insights and much-needed clarity into the dynamic and complex nature of soft law. This title contains one or more Open Access chapters.
