Download or read book Conception et fabrication de nouvelles architectures CMOS et tude du transport dans les canaux de conduction ultra minces obtenus avec la technologie SON written by Daniel Chanemougame (Ingénieur).) and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les travaux de cette thèse abordent les différentes problématiques émergeant lorsque la longueur de grille du transistor MOS conventionnel est inférieure à 100nm, ainsi que les solutions permettant de poursuivre la loi de Moore. Dans ce but, nous proposons des nouvelles architectures basées sur la technologie SON dites "SOI localisé", particulièrement adaptées à une réduction extrême des dimensions. Dotées d'un canal de conduction et d'un diélectrique enterré très minces et bien contrôlés, ces architectures offrent un contrôle intégré des effets canaux courts, tout en permettant de co-intégrer sur le même circuit des transistors conventionnels de plus grandes dimensions. Nous évaluons ensuite comment contraintes mécaniques et effets de quantification peuvent améliorer les propriétés du transport dans les canaux de conduction ultra minces. Il ressort que le transistor à canal mince complètement déplété, doté d'une grille métallique et d'un diélectrique de grille à haute permittivité, est une architecture très prometteuse qui permettrait de satisfaire les performances imposées par la loi de Moore jusqu'à des longueurs de grille de 15nm, soit un canal de 5nm d'épaisseur. En parallèle, nous avons développé une architecture PMOS "haute performance" issue de la technologie SON, et basée sur nouveau concept de contrainte mécanique. Des simulations mécaniques ainsi que les notions sur le transport abordées auparavant permettent de comprendre les performances électriques.
Download or read book Etude fabrication et propri t s de transport de transistors CMOS associant un di lectrique haute permittivit et un canal de conduction haute mobilit written by Olivier Weber and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La miniaturisation des transistors CMOS permet d'améliorer les performances, la densité d'intégration et le coût des circuits électroniques. Plusieurs ruptures technologiques concernant l'architecture et les matériaux des transistors doivent s'additionner pour atteindre les dimensions ultimes, à l'échelle de l'atome. L'introduction d'un diélectrique haute permittivité comme isolant de grille à la place du SiO2 vise à améliorer le compromis épaisseur d'oxyde/courant de fuite de grille. Un canal haute mobilité doit permettre d'améliorer la vitesse des porteurs et donc le compromis vitesse (fréquence d'horloge)/puissance active des circuits. Cette thèse porte sur l'étude, la fabrication et les propriétés de transport de transistors CMOS cumulant ces deux nouvelles options technologiques. Ceci concerne en particulier des transistors avec un empilement de grille TiN/HfO2 : nMOS à canaux Si contraints, pMOS à canaux SiGe(:C) ou Ge contraints et une nouvelle architecture pMOS selon l'orientation cristallinne (111). Des gains en mobilité élevés par rapport aux transistors de référence HfO2/Si, pouvant atteindre +800% pour la mobilité des trous sur les transistors Ge contraints, sont obtenus conjointement avec l'effet du diélectrique HfO2 : une réduction de 4 décades du courant de fuite de grille par rapport à un oxyde SiO2. Une caractérisation électrique approfondie permet de montrer l'importance de l'optimisation de l'interface diélectrique/canal sur les gains en mobilité. Les caractéristiques des transistors sont analysées et discutées jusqu'à des longueurs de grille inférieures à 50nm. Finalement, la dégradation de la mobilité avec un empilement de grille TiN/HfO2, point critique limitant l'émergence de tels empilements, est analysée en détail et les mécanismes de collisions des porteurs sont déterminés expérimentalement.
Download or read book AGARD Conference Proceedings written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Architectures avanc es de transistors CMOS SOI pour le n ud 32 nm et en de a written by Claire Gallon and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les besoins croissants en tennes de performances et de miniaturisation pour les prochaines générations de composants CMOS ont permis à la technologie SOI de se présenter comme une alternative crédible à la technologie sur silicium massif. En effet, de par leur architecture, les dispositifs à film mince de conduction ont montré une amélioration significative du contrôle des effets de canaux courts, comparée à la technologie sur silicium massif. Toutefois, afin de satisfaire les spécifications des nuds technologiques ultimes, nous savons qu'il sera nécessaire de repousser les limites des dispositifs SOI actuels. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont donc porté sur les transistors MOS fabriqués sur substrat SOI, et plus spécifiquement, sur les dispositifs complètement déplétés. Cette étude s'est déroulée autour des deux axes principaux de recherche suivants : l'évaluation de l'influence des contraintes mécaniques sur les performances du dispositif SOI FD et l'optimisation du contrôle des effets de canaux courts du transistor SOI FD simple grille par la proposition de nouvelles alternatives.
Download or read book Architectures innovantes de m moire non volatile embarqu e sur film mince de silicium written by Germain Bossu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les plateformes CMOS s'orientent vers l'utilisation de film mince de silicium pour faire face aux effets parasites qui limitent la miniaturisation du transistor sur substrat massif. Cette configuration technologique ouvre la porte à de nouvelles architectures de dispositifs mémoire non-volatile. L'étude réalisée au cours de cette thèse porte sur l'adaptation des technologies film mince pour obtenir des mémoires non-volatile embarquées denses fonctionnant à la tension nominale du circuit pour une co-intégration aisée sur les plateformes technologiques CMOS Bulk et film mince. La construction de la cellule SQeRAM, tout d'abord proposée, repose sur la séquence de procédés de fabrication de la technologie Silicon-On-Nothing (SON) additionnées au core process CMOS bulk. Le point mémoire obtenu présente un stockage de charge sur l¿interface opposée au canal de conduction. Cette mémoire est quasi-non-volatile, du fait de l'empilement ONO (Oxyde Nitrure Oxyde) mince requis pour un fonctionnement à seulement 3 V d'alimentation. Un modèle semi-analytique de transistor film mince à double grille indépendante (IDG) est explicité. En associant ce modèle IDG à celui d'un transistor Bulk, les phénomènes physiques en jeu dans la SQeRAM sont détaillés. Cette modélisation permet aussi l'optimisation technologique en vue des applications double-bit. Les limites à la miniaturisation de la SQeRAM, en particulier la maîtrise de la technologie, m'ont conduit à envisager un point mémoire non-volatile construit sur le seul transistor IDG. Le concept, la réalisation et les spécificités de cette architecture sont présentés. L'étude modèle associée permet une discussion sur les mécanismes physiques en jeu et analyse les principales caractéristiques électriques du dispositif suivant la densité de charge piégée. Enfin ce manuscrit de thèse préfigure une nouvelle forme de mémoire universelle hybride combinant le stockage non-volatile et l'utilisation du substrat flottant pour les applications 1T-DRAM sur des structures sur film mince de silicium.
Download or read book Modern Surface Organometallic Chemistry written by Jean-Marie Basset and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-10 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering everything from the basics to recent applications, this monograph represents an advanced overview of the field. Edited by internationally acclaimed experts respected throughout the community, the book is clearly divided into sections on fundamental and applied surface organometallic chemistry. Backed by numerous examples from the recent literature, this is a key reference for all chemists.
Download or read book Proof Theory and Automated Deduction written by Jean Goubault-Larrecq and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in computer applications has led to a new attitude to applied logic in which researchers tailor a logic in the same way they define a computer language. In response to this attitude, this text for undergraduate and graduate students discusses major algorithmic methodologies, and tableaux and resolution methods. The authors focus on first-order logic, the use of proof theory, and the computer application of automated searches for proofs of mathematical propositions. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Physical Properties of Amorphous Materials written by David Adler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute for Amorphous Studies was founded in 1982 as the international center for the investigation of amorphous mate rials. It has since played an important role in promoting the und er standing of disordered matter in general. An Institute lecture series on "Fundamentals of Amorphous Materials and Devices" was held during 1982-83 with distinguished speakers from universities and industry. These events were free and open to the public ,and were attended by many representatives of the scientific community. The lectures themselves were highly successful inasmuch as they provided not only formal instruction but also an opportunity for vigorous and stimulating debate. That last element could not be captured within the pages of a book I but the lectures concentrated on the latest advances in the field I which is why their essential contents are he re reproduced in collective form. Together they constitute an interdisciplinary status report of the field. The speakers brought many different viewpoints and a variety of back ground experiences io bear on the problems involved I but though language and conventions vary I the essential unity of the concerns is very clear I as indeed are the ultimate benefits of the many-sided approach.
Download or read book Confronting Poverty in Iraq written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides the most comprehensive and rigorous analysis of Iraqi income and expenditure in several decades. The report makes extensive use of the Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey, the first nationwide income and expenditure survey since 1988. IHSES data is complemented income and expenditure data from a wide range of other measures of living standards, allowing us to analyze living standards in a holistic way. The analysis presented here was performed with two main goals first, to inform the Government s Poverty Reduction Strategy; and second, to serve as a baseline for future assessments of changes in living standards and the identification of critical issues for deeper examination. Iraqi living standards have two unusual characteristics. First, they have fallen over the past generation. Second, they feature surprisingly little inequality. These characteristics are both rooted in Iraq s recent history of authoritarian government, war, military occupation, insurgency, and civil strife leading to infrastructure destruction and population displacement. There have been few opportunities for individuals to prosper from professional or entrepreneurial activities. Decades of neglected investment have resulted in deterioration of social services and economic infrastructure. Consequently, individuals have lacked capabilities to prosper and an investment climate conducive to prosperity. School enrollment and life expectancy have declined. Extremely low returns to education reflect the combination of poor educational quality and lack of employment opportunities. In terms of economic infrastructure, access to reliable electricity and water, and even access to paved roads are low, are further reflections of decades of neglect. While the upper end of the distribution has been pulled down by a lack of opportunities, the lower end has been supported by direct government provision of food. The Public Distribution System (PDS) provides 85 percent of food needs. While PDS has been useful as a safety net for the poor and the vulnerable, the system is expensive, inefficient, and fiscally risky. Indeed, PDS food rations account for a far greater share of public spending than does education or health. Going forward, Iraq faces two main challenges. First, although Iraq does not have to develop from scratch, it faces a formidable challenge in re-development. Second, a shift by the Government is required from direct provision of basic subsistence toward investment in human capacities. The Government can provide an enabling environment through investments in economic infrastructure and services to business and citizens, thus allowing the population to make productive use of education and their own labor. Both challenges are now being taken up by the Poverty Reduction Strategy, which articulates a detailed set of required actions and outlines priorities for government spending.
Download or read book Global Warming and Climate Change written by Emma Carlson Berne and published by Referencepoint Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the world, the cause and impact of global warming and climate change is being passionately debated. While many claim that a climate crisis is imminent if greenhouse gases are not curbed, others argue that the effects have been overblown. Through objective overviews, primary sources, and full-color illustrations, this title will examine What Is Global Warming and Climate Change? What Are the Consequences of Global Warming? What Are the Controversies Surrounding Global Warming? What Are the Solutions for Global Warming?
Download or read book Conceptual Modeling for Traditional and Spatio Temporal Applications written by Christine Parent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-02 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From environmental management to land planning and geo-marketing, the number of application domains that may greatly benefit from using data enriched with spatio-temporal features is expanding very rapidly. This book shows that a conceptual design approach for spatio-temporal databases is both feasible and easy to apprehend. While providing a firm basis through extensive discussion of traditional data modeling concepts, the major focus of the book is on modeling spatial and temporal information.
Download or read book Logic for Computer Science written by Jean H. Gallier and published by Courier Dover Publications. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This advanced text for undergraduate and graduate students introduces mathematical logic with an emphasis on proof theory and procedures for algorithmic construction of formal proofs. The self-contained treatment is also useful for computer scientists and mathematically inclined readers interested in the formalization of proofs and basics of automatic theorem proving. Topics include propositional logic and its resolution, first-order logic, Gentzen's cut elimination theorem and applications, and Gentzen's sharpened Hauptsatz and Herbrand's theorem. Additional subjects include resolution in first-order logic; SLD-resolution, logic programming, and the foundations of PROLOG; and many-sorted first-order logic. Numerous problems appear throughout the book, and two Appendixes provide practical background information.
