Download or read book Conception et contr le in situ de l laboration de lasers cavit verticale et mission surfacique written by Laurent Couturier and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CE MEMOIRE EST CONSACRE A LA CONCEPTION ET LA MISE AU POINT DU CONTROLE IN-SITU DE LA CROISSANCE DE LASERS A CAVITE VERTICALE ET A EMISSION SURFACIQUE (VCSEL). LES STRUCTURES LASER SONT ELABOREES PAR EPITAXIE PAR JETS MOLECULAIRES A SOURCE GAZEUSE ET REALISEES PAR L'EMPILEMENT DE COUCHES MINCES A BASE DE SEMI-CONDUCTEURS GAAS/ALGAAS. LEUR LONGUEUR D'ONDE D'EMISSION VA DEPENDRE DIRECTEMENT DES CARACTERISTIQUES OPTIQUES DES COUCHES DEPOSEES. UNE ETUDE THEORIQUE EST D'ABORD MENEE SUR LA CONCEPTION DE CES STRUCTURES. NOUS COMMENCONS PAR DETERMINER LES CONSTANTES OPTIQUES DES MATERIAUX QUI LES COMPOSENT EN PORTANT UNE ATTENTION PARTICULIERE A L'EFFET EXCITONIQUE DANS LES PUITS QUANTIQUES. L'UTILISATION DU FORMALISME MATRICIEL NOUS PERMET DE DECRIRE LA PROPAGATION DES ONDES ELECTROMAGNETIQUES DANS N'IMPORTE QUELLE STRUCTURE MULTICOUCHE. NOUS POUVONS ALORS SIMULER LE COMPORTEMENT OPTIQUE DE N'IMPORTE QUEL EMPILEMENT DE COUCHES MINCES, EN PARTICULIER DES MIROIRS DE BRAGG ET DES MICROCAVITES QUE CONSTITUENT CES LASERS. UN CHAPITRE EST ENSUITE CONSACRE A L'ELABORATION DES VCSEL. UNE DESCRIPTION PRECISE DES CONTRAINTES IMPOSEES PAR LA MACHINE ET DE L'OPTIMISATION DES CONDITIONS DE CROISSANCE EST PRESENTEE. CETTE ETUDE FAIT APPARAITRE LA NECESSITE DE DISPOSER D'UN MOYEN DE CONTROLE IN-SITU DES COUCHES REALISEES. LE DERNIER CHAPITRE PRESENTE LA MISE AU POINT DE LA METHODE DE CONTROLE. LA CROISSANCE EST INTERROMPUE APRES QUE LE MIROIR INFERIEUR ET LA CAVITE AIENT ETE EPITAXIES. A PARTIR D'UN SPECTRE DE REFLECTIVITE REALISE SUR CETTE STRUCTURE INCOMPLETE, UN ALGORITHME DE TYPE RECUIT SIMULE NOUS PERMET DE DETERMINER PRECISEMENT LES FLUX ET PAR CONSEQUENT LES EPAISSEURS ET LES COMPOSITIONS DES COUCHES DE LA PREMIERE PARTIE DE LA CROISSANCE. LA CORRECTION DE LA STRUCTURE EST OBTENUE PAR UNE MODIFICATION DES TEMPS D'EPITAXIE DU MIROIR SUPERIEUR. L'UTILISATION DE CETTE TECHNIQUE NOUS A PERMIS DE FIXER LA LONGUEUR D'ONDE DU PIC FABRY-PEROT DE LA STRUCTURE COMPLETE AVEC UNE PRECISION DE 0,15%

Download or read book CONCEPTION ELABORATION SOUS CONTROLE OPTIQUE EN TEMPS REEL FABRICATION ET CARACTERISATION DE LASERS A CAVITE VERTICALE EMETTANT PAR LA SURFACE VCSELS A 840 NM written by FREDERIC.. VAN DIJK and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOUS DECRIVONS TOUT D'ABORD LE COMPORTEMENT OPTIQUE DES ELEMENTS CLE D'UN VCSEL QUE SONT LES MIROIRS DE BRAGG ET LA MICROCAVITE, ET LE FORMALISME D'ABELES QUI EN PERMET LA MODELISATION. NOUS PRECISONS LES PARAMETRES QUI DETERMINENT LES CARACTERISTIQUES DE CES COMPOSANTS. NOUS DETAILLONS LES MOYENS QUE NOUS AVONS MIS EN UVRE POUR ELABORER DES VCSELS PERFORMANTS, CE QUI NECESSITE UNE UNIFORMITE ET UNE PRECISION SUR LES EPAISSEURS EXTREME. NOUS PRESENTONS TOUT D'ABORD LA TECHNIQUE D'EPITAXIE PAR JETS MOLECULAIRES ET LES CONDITIONS DE CROISSANCE QUE NOUS AVONS OPTIMISEES. NOUS PRECISONS ENSUITE LA GEOMETRIE PARTICULIERE QUE NOUS AVONS ADOPTEE AFIN DE GARANTIR L'UNIFORMITE EN EPAISSEUR DES COUCHES EPITAXIEES ET LE CONTROLE EN TEMPS REEL PAR REFLECTOMETRIE DYNAMIQUE ACCORDABLE QUE NOUS AVONS EXPLOITE POUR OBTENIR LA PRECISION EN EPAISSEUR REQUISE POUR LES VCSELS. NOUS DETAILLONS ALORS L'ETUDE QUE NOUS AVONS MENEE EN NOUS APPUYANT SUR LA LITTERATURE, POUR OBTENIR DES MIROIRS DE BRAGG DOPES DE FAIBLE RESISTIVITE. NOUS AVONS ETUDIE LES SOLUTIONS PERMETTANT D'ATTENUER LES EFFETS D'HETEROJONCTION ET LA DIFFUSION DU DOPANT BE (P). NOUS PRESENTONS ENSUITE LES TECHNIQUES DE FABRICATION QUI ONT ETE DEVELOPPEES POUR LES VCSELS ET DETAILLONS ALORS LES DIFFERENTES ETAPES TECHNOLOGIQUES NECESSAIRES A LA FABRICATION DE COMPOSANTS DE TYPE MESA QUE NOUS AVONS CHOISIE EN INSISTANT SUR L'ETAPE DE PLANARISATION QUE NOUS AVONS MISE AU POINT. NOUS DISCUTONS LES CONDITIONS D'OBTENTION D'UN DIAPHRAGME DIELECTRIQUE PAR OXYDATION HUMIDE SELECTIVE D'UNE COUCHE D'ALAS QUE NOUS AVONS INTRODUIT DANS CERTAINS COMPOSANTS VCSELS POUR EN AMELIORER ENCORE LES PERFORMANCES. ENFIN, NOUS PRESENTONS LES RESULTATS DES CARACTERISATIONS DES COMPOSANTS QUE NOUS AVONS FABRIQUES : LA LONGUEUR D'EMISSION LASER EST RESPECTEE AVEC UNE PRECISION DE 2&, LA DENSITE DE COURANT SEUIL LASER INFERIEURE A 600 ACM - 2, ET LA PRESENCE D'UN DIAPHRAGME ALOX REDUIT LE COURANT DE SEUIL LASER A DES VALEURS TRES INFERIEURES A 1MA.

Download or read book CONCEPTION ET ELABORATION DE LASERS A CAVITE VERTICALE A 1 55 M POUR LES TELECOMMUNICATIONS OPTIQUES written by JULIEN.. BOUCART and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CE MEMOIRE EST CONSACRE A LA CONCEPTION ET L'ELABORATION DE LASERS A CAVITE VERTICALE (VCSEL) MONOLITHIQUES EMETTANT A 1,55 M POUR LES TELECOMMUNICATIONS OPTIQUES. LES PARTICULARITES DE CES LASERS EN FONT EFFECTIVEMENT DES CANDIDATS DE CHOIX POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE MASSE DE LA FIBRE OPTIQUE DANS LE RESEAU D'ACCES. LES REGLES DE CONCEPTION ET DE CHOIX DES MATERIAUX CONSTITUANT CES LASERS SONT TOUT D'ABORD PRESENTEES. L'ACCENT EST MIS SUR LA REALISATION D'EMPILEMENTS MULTICOUCHES SEMICONDUCTRICES DE HAUT POUVOIR REFLECTEUR ET, LES EFFETS PARASITES TELS QUE LES VARIATIONS D'EPAISSEURS ET DE COMPOSITIONS SONT, DE SURCROIT, EVALUES. C'EST NOTAMMENT AU COURS DE CE CHAPITRE QUE L'INTERET DES COUCHES METAMORPHIQUES, POUR LA REALISATION DE MIROIRS A FORTE CONDUCTIVITE ELECTRIQUE ET THERMIQUE, EST EXPOSE. APRES UN BREF RAPPEL SUR LA PHYSIQUE DE LA CROISSANCE PAR EPITAXIE PAR JETS MOLECULAIRES, LES MECANISMES DE CROISSANCE DES MATERIAUX EN FORTS DESACCORD DE MAILLE SONT ENSUITE PRESENTES AU TROISIEME CHAPITRE. LE BUT SOUS TENDANT CETTE ETUDE ETANT DE DEMONTRER LA VALIDITE DE L'EMPLOI DE MIROIRS METAMORPHIQUES POUR LA PRODUCTION DE VCSELS. PAR AILLEURS, AU COURS DE CE CHAPITRE UNE METHODOLOGIE DE CROISSANCE PERMETTANT DE REALISER DES MIROIRS AVEC UNE PRECISION D'EPAISSEUR DE +/0,5%, METTANT EN UVRE UNE MESURE DE REFLECTIVITE IN-SITU, EST DECRITE. PUIS, LE PROBLEME DE L'INJECTION ELECTRIQUE ET DE SA LOCALISATION EST ABORDE CE QUI NOUS AMENE A PROPOSER UNE INJECTION DU COURANT PAR L'INTERMEDIAIRE D'UNE JONCTION TUNNEL POLARISEE EN INVERSE ET DE LA LOCALISATION DU COURANT PAR UNE ETAPE D'IMPLANTATION IONIQUE. ENFIN, DANS LE DERNIER CHAPITRE, LES CARACTERISATIONS PRELIMINAIRES DU FONCTIONNEMENT LASERS DES LASERS REALISES MONTRENT QUE LES OBJECTIFS DE PRODUCTION SE SOURCES LASERS DE FAIBLES COUTS POUR LES RESEAUX D'ACCES SONT ATTEINTS.

Download or read book Solid Rocket Propulsion Technology written by A. Davenas and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, a translation of the French title Technologie des Propergols Solides, offers otherwise unavailable information on the subject of solid propellants and their use in rocket propulsion. The fundamentals of rocket propulsion are developed in chapter one and detailed descriptions of concepts are covered in the following chapters. Specific design methods and the theoretical physics underlying them are presented, and finally the industrial production of the propellant itself is explained. The material used in the book has been collected from different countries, as the development of this field has occurred separately due to the classified nature of the subject. Thus the reader not only has an overall picture of solid rocket propulsion technology but a comprehensive view of its different developmental permutations worldwide.

Download or read book Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most women who die from cervical cancer, particularly in developing countries, are in the prime of their life. They may be raising children, caring for their family, and contributing to the social and economic life of their town or village. Their death is both a personal tragedy, and a sad and unnecessary loss to their family and their community. Unnecessary, because there is compelling evidence, as this Guide makes clear, that cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable forms of cancer, as long as it is detected early and managed effectively. Unfortunately, the majority of women in developing countries still do not have access to cervical cancer prevention programmes. The consequence is that, often, cervical cancer is not detected until it is too late to be cured. An urgent effort is required if this situation is to be corrected. This Guide is intended to help those responsible for providing services aimed at reducing the burden posed by cervical cancer for women, communities and health systems. It focuses on the knowledge and skills needed by health care providers, at different levels of care.

Download or read book Integrated Pest Management for Tomatoes written by and published by ANR Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nondestructive Activation Analysis written by Saadia Amiel and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1981 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Cave of Rouffignac written by Louis-René Nougier and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Pantheon written by Tod A. Marder and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Pantheon is one of the most important architectural monuments of all time. Thought to have been built by Emperor Hadrian in approximately AD 125 on the site of an earlier, Agrippan-era monument, it brilliantly displays the spatial pyrotechnics emblematic of Roman architecture and engineering. The Pantheon gives an up-to-date account of recent research on the best preserved building in the corpus of ancient Roman architecture from the time of its construction to the twenty-first century. Each chapter addresses a specific fundamental issue or period pertaining to the building; together, the essays in this volume shed light on all aspects of the Pantheon's creation, and establish the importance of the history of the building to an understanding of its ancient fabric and heritage, its present state, and its special role in the survival and evolution of ancient architecture in modern Rome"--

Download or read book In Vessel Melt Retention and Ex Vessel Corium Cooling IAEA Tecdoc No 1906 written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication results from a technical meeting on phenomenology and technologies relevant to in-vessel melt retention (IVMR) and ex-vessel corium cooling (EVCC). The purpose of the publication is to capture the state of knowledge, at the time of that meeting, related to phenomenology and technologies as well as the challenges and pending issues relevant to IVMR and EVCC for water cooled reactors by summarizing the information provided by the meeting participants in a form useful to practitioners in Member States.

Download or read book Cancer Pain Relief written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1996 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of a guide, which introduced a simple, yet highly effective method for the relief of cancer pain. Thoroughly revised and updated, the new edition further refines the WHO method, which advocates the use of a small number of relatively inexpensive drugs, including morphine. Revisions draw on experiences with millions of patients around the world as well as new knowledge about the specific pain syndromes unique to cancer. Completely new are chapters describing the international system by which morphine and other opioids are made available for medical purposes. The book has two parts. Part one provides a practical guide to the relief of cancer pain, concentrating on drug treatment as the mainstay of pain management. The most extensive section sets out detailed guidelines for the selection and prescribing of non-opioid analgesics, opioid analgesics, drugs for neuropathic pain, and adjuvant drugs for the treatment of adverse effects, the enhancement of pain relief and the management of concomitant psychological disturbances. Information ranges from explanations of how specific drugs work, through the precautions to take in the presence of certain disorders, to a list of factors that influence the effectiveness of opioids. Concerning the use of opioids, readers are reminded that psychological dependence does not occur in cancer patients and that the only correct dose of morphine is the one that relieves the pain. Part two provides a guide to opioid availability. A discussion of the reasons why opioids continue to be underprescribed or difficult to obtain is followed by an explanation of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.

Download or read book World Health Organization Guidelines on the Pharmacological Treatment of Persisting Pain in Children with Medical Illnesses written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines have been developed to support countries to relieve pain in their paediatric populations. These guidelines address persisting pain in children caused by conditions such as cancer, HIV/AIDS, sickle-cell disease, burns, trauma, and phantom limb pain. Recommendations -- developed following a careful and transparent appraisal of available evidence -- are presented for the pharmacological treatment of mild, moderate and severe pain. The guidelines include chapters on the various systems used to classify pain and on the evaluation of pain, which reviews the available tools for routine pain measurement in children. Provision of sustainable pain relief within health care systems is covered in a separate chapter. Since morphine and other opioid analgesics -- required for the relief of moderate-to-severe pain in children -- are listed under the 1961 UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the new guidelines include an annex explaining the Convention's requirements for the handling and procurement of opioid analgesics for the relief of pain.

Download or read book Status of Prehistoric Studies in the Twenty first Century in India written by International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 2009 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the XV World Congress, UISPP, Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006, Vol 1, Session WC01 Series Editor: Luiz Oosterbeek

Download or read book Petroleum Geology of Libya written by Don Hallett and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum Geology of Libya, Second Edition, systematically reviews the exploration history, plate tectonics, structural evolution, stratigraphy, geochemistry and petroleum systems of Libya, and includes valuable new chapters on oil and gas fields, production, and reserves. Since the previous edition, published in 2002, there have been numerous developments in Libya, including the lifting of sanctions, a new licensing system, with licensing rounds in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007, many new exploratory wells, discoveries and field developments, and a change of regime. A large amount of new data has been published on the geology of Libya in the past fourteen years, but it is widely scattered through the literature. Much of the older data has been superseded, and several of the key publications, especially those published in Libya, are difficult to access. This second edition provides an updated source of reference which incorporates much new information, particularly on petroleum systems, reserves, oil and gas fields, play fairways, and remaining potential. It presents the results of recent research and a detailed description of Libyan offshore geology. The book includes an extensive and comprehensive bibliography. - Presents over 180 full colour illustrations including maps, diagrams and charts, illustrating the key concepts in a clear and concise manner - Authored by two recognized world authorities on geology in Libya, with over 40 years' experience in Libya between them - Provides an expanded and updated version of the bestselling previous edition, nicknamed the Explorationist's Bible - Lays the foundation for the post-revolution exploration age in Libya

Download or read book Topography and Architecture written by University of Chicago and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1976 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Elemental Analysis of Biological Materials written by and published by Bernan Press(PA). This book was released on 1980 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Alphaherpesviruses written by Sandra Knowles Weller and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alphaherpesviruses are a fascinating group of DNA viruses that includes important human pathogens such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV): the causative agents of cold sores, genital ulcerous disease, and chickenpox/shingles, respectively. A key attribute of these viruses is their ability to establish lifelong latent infection in the peripheral nervous system of the host. Such persistence requires subversion of the host's immune system and intrinsic antiviral defense mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms of the immune evasion and what triggers viral reactivation is a major challenge for today's researchers. This has prompted enormous research efforts into understanding the molecular and cellular biology of these viruses. This up-to-date and comprehensive volume aims to distill the most important research in this area providing a timely overview of the field. Topics covered include: transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, translational control, virus entry and capsid assembly, the role of microRNAs in infection and oncolytic vectors for cancer therapy. In addition there is coverage of virus-host interactions, including apoptosis, subversion of host protein quality control and DNA damage response pathways, autophagy, establishment and reactivation from latency, interferon responses, immunity and vaccine development. Essential reading for everyone working with alphaherpesviruses and of interest to all virologists working on latent infections.