Download or read book Concentrations Loads and Yields of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon in Streams and Groundwater of Agricultural Watersheds written by Scott Craig Kronholm and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations and Annual Organic Carbon Load of Six Selected Rivers of the United States written by R. L. Malcolm and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon in Some Colorado Waters written by Edward B. Reed and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Instantaneous amounts of organic carbon, both particulate and dissolved, in a number of freshwaters ranging from unproductive tarns to moderately productive reservoirs were measured by acid-persulfate digestion and infrared absorption. Organic carbon was designated as net seston carbon, filter seston carbon, or dissolved carbon based on filtering techniques. Repeated sampling showed amounts of organic carbon, either dissolved or particulate, fluctuated considerably over short periods of time; the dissolved fraction probably varying less than particulate forms. Almost daily measurements in samples incubated over three week periods also revealed erratic changes, with no clear reduction in total organic carbon. The data have descriptive value, although they cannot, at this time, be related satisfactorily to the general limnological knowledge.
Download or read book Sources Transportation and Utilization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Groundwater and Streams written by P. M. Wallis and published by Canada. Inland Waters Directorate, Water Quality Branch. This book was released on 1979 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It has long been recognized that streams in their natural state support a great deal more biomass than can be justified by primary production. This is believed to be the result of energy inputs to streams from terrestrial plants and animals which take the form of either Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM.45μ spherical diameter), or Particulate Organic Matter (POM.45μ)"--Introduction, page 1.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book dissolved organic carbon concentrations and compositions and trihalomethane formation potentials in waters from agricultural peat soils sacramento san joaquin delta california implications for drinking water quality written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrobiogeochemistry of major asian rivers written by Shafi Mohammad Tareq and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Watershed Export of Dissolved Organic Matter in Response to Anthropogenic and Hydroclimatic Drivers in Subtropical Streams and Rivers written by Shuo Chen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an assemblage of heterogeneous organic compounds that play important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In this dissertation, I investigated changes in the amount, source, composition, lability, and ecological functions of stream water DOM in response to agricultural land use, hydrological events, and downstream transport and transformation in the southeastern United States. The dissertation includes three stand-alone studies presented in Chapters 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In Chapter 2, I evaluated the effects of hurricane-induced storm events on the quantity and quality of DOM exported from ten watersheds of various physical and land-use characteristics within five Gulf and South Atlantic states. We found that large storms can significantly enhance the concentrations and yields of terrestrially-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients in streams and rivers but decrease the percentage bioreactive DOC. This study demonstrates that extreme weather and climate events can lead to rapid, ecosystem-level disturbances that significantly shift energy and nutrient availability within drainage networks. The objective of Chapter 3 was to quantify the relative importance of agricultural land use and natural hydroclimatic drivers in affecting the quality and quantity of DOM in a group of 15 streams draining watersheds of a gradient of agricultural land use. The partial least square path modeling (PLS-PM) identified that agricultural land use increased stream water DOM quantity primarily through increasing allochthonous carbon sources. This study demonstrates that structural equation modeling is a powerful tool that should be more widely adopted to distinguish among multiple drivers and mechanisms regulating freshwater biogeochemistry. Chapter 4 investigated the longitudinal transformations of DOM in relation to ecosystem metabolism along a fluvial section including 3rd order, 7th and 8th order streams. From upstream to downstream, DOC concentrations and the relative contributions of freshly-produced DOM increased. The gross primary productivity was positively correlated with the contributions of autochthonous DOM, yet the ecosystem respiration did not vary with the quantity or quality of DOM. This study highlights the complexity of DOM transformations in relation to stream metabolism along the river continuum. Collectively, the three independent but connected studies reveal the complexity and sensitivity of inland water DOM in response to hydroclimatic and anthropogenic drivers. The findings provide new insights into potential shifts in energy and substrates exported across the terrestrial-aquatic boundary due to human activities and climate change and how these shifts can alter water quality and fluvial biogeochemical functions.
Download or read book Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses written by Walter H. Wischmeier and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) enables planners to predict the average rate of soil erosion for each feasible alternative combination of crop system and management practices in association with a specified soil type, rainfall pattern, and topography. When these predicted losses are compared with given soil loss tolerances, they provide specific guidelines for effecting erosion control within specified limits. The equation groups the numerous interrelated physical and management parameters that influence erosion rate under six major factors whose site-specific values can be expressed numerically. A half century of erosion research in many States has supplied information from which at least approximate values of the USLE factors can be obtained for specified farm fields or other small erosion prone areas throughout the United States. Tables and charts presented in this handbook make this information readily available for field use. Significant limitations in the available data are identified.
Download or read book Lake and Reservoir Restoration written by G. Dennis Cooke and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lake and Reservoir Restoration deals with the eutrophication process and the methods to protect, restore, and manage lakes and reservoirs. The most common in-lake techniques or procedures, plus nutrient diversion, are reviewed with regard to their scientific basis, methods of application, known effectiveness, feasibility, drawbacks, and costs. Areas for further research and development are also highlighted. This book is comprised of 16 chapters organized into four sections. After an introduction to the theory of the problem and the restoration technique, the discussion turns to the various restoration methods such as those used for physical and chemical control of nutrients. Diversion and advanced waste treatment, hypolimnetic withdrawal, and dilution and flushing are considered along with phosphorus precipitation and inactivation, sediment oxidation, sediment removal, and hypolimnetic aeration. Case studies and success stories are presented and the costs and potential negative impacts of the methods are examined. The following chapters focus on methods to control plant biomass, including artificial circulation, water-level drawdown, harvesting, biological control, and surface and sediment covers. A chapter on liming acidified lakes concludes this text. This monograph will be useful to professional limnologists and engineers, on-site lake or reservoir managers, and those who are interested in learning about the problems and management of lakes and reservoirs.
Download or read book Watershed Hydrology written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissolved Organic Matter DOM Concentrations and Quality for Watershed Compartments in a Forested Mid Atlantic Watershed USA written by Nina Finger and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the importance of dissolved organic matter (DOM) constituents is well recognized we know very little about how these constituents vary across watershed compartments, influence the transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), and determine the mobility and bioavailability of DOM. We explore the concentrations and quality of DOM for ten watershed sources in a 12 ha forested catchment over a two-year period. DOM was evaluated for throughfall, litter leachate, soil water, shallow and deep groundwater, groundwater discharged from seeps, stream water and water in the hyporheic zone. Soil water samples included both free flowing soil water (using zero tension lysimeters) as well as soil pore water (using tension lysimeters). DOM quality was characterized using a suite of indices derived from UV-visible absorbance and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs). DOM quality displayed a pronounced trend in watershed compartments especially as a function of soil depth. The humic, aromatic, and high molecular weight constituents of DOM decreased with soil depth while there was a concomitant percent increase in the protein-like DOM moieties. Principal component analyses (PCA) revealed that the differences in surficial watershed compartments were dictated by humic components while differences in groundwater sources were dictated by % total proteins. The increase in % total proteins with increasing soil depth indicated that in groundwater a greater fraction of DOM may be bioavailable compared to DOM in litter leachate and soil water. We did not find any conclusive evidence for C or N enrichment in any particular DOM quality pools. In addition, DOM quality displayed pronounced spatial differences. DOM in wetland groundwater was more aromatic and humic than that at the riparian location. This study also suggested that some spectrofluorometric indices (e.g. the humification index, HIX) may be preferable over others (e.g. specific UV absorbance, SUVA) for characterizing DOM quality.
Download or read book Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-17 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.
Download or read book Pulse of the Stream written by Catherine Grace Winters and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotic and abiotic factors both play critical roles in the cycling of organic matter and nutrients in aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the relative control of these factors on solute fate and transport in fluvial systems is important for understanding how climatic changes can affect water quality. Many processes that control solute cycling in streams occur at sub-daily scales, making high-frequency, in situ, sub-hourly measurements important for capturing the response of dissolved organic matter and nutrients to changes in the strength of controlling processes. The tightly coupled aquatic and terrestrial environments present in headwater streams make them particularly useful systems for studying high-frequency changes in water chemistry. In this study, we examined the patterns of dissolved organic carbon, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, temperature, dissolved organic matter fluorescence, and stream discharge using in-stream measurements at sub-hourly to monthly time scales to understand the daily and seasonal controls of aquatic organic matter and nutrient processing. We also conducted a laboratory incubation to measure the effects of dissolved organic carbon and nutrient treatments on consumption of carbon and nitrogen in our system. Our main objectives were to identify: 1) the relative controls of diel biotic and abiotic processes on stream dissolved organic carbon and nitrate-N; and 2) the mechanisms controlling rapid autumnal changes in dissolved organic carbon and nitrate-N in stream runoff. We found that hydrology plays a key role in transporting solutes to a forested headwater stream in the Piedmont Region, Maryland; however, once solutes reach the stream biotic controls dominate the stream solute patterns. Biology is an important regulator of diel patterns of streamwater dissolved organic carbon and nitrate concentrations during springtime and autumn leaf fall. Diel cycling is most apparent during the spring prior to leaf out when the water temperature is increasing. Where patterns were evident, nitrate (annual average in second order stream: 17:00) and discharge (17:28) reached their minimums during the afternoon within a few hours of the peaks in dissolved oxygen (13:16), temperature (15:17), dissolved organic carbon (16:06), and dissolved organic matter fluorescence (17:23). Larger amplitudes of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved organic matter fluorescence correspond with larger daily temperature changes. Laboratory incubations showed increased consumption of nitrogen in the presence of labile carbon, but not in the presence of labile carbon plus nutrients, which indicates our system is carbon limited. Autumn dissolved organic carbon and nitrate dynamics also indicate our system is carbon limited. Increased rates of leaf litter fall corresponded with increased consumption of stream nitrate leading to a late October depression, or annual minimum, in nitrate concentration. Storm events accelerated the recovery of stream nitrate to early autumn concentrations as nitrate was mobilized and transported from soils to the stream. Hydrology is important for solute transport to and export from the stream. Autotrophic activity dominates on the daily scale, while heterotrophic activity controls seasonal responses in organic matter and nutrient cycling in this forested watershed. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics have been studied in other forested systems, as well, but the controlling processes vary among these watershed. Our results highlight the importance of understanding controlling processes within specific watersheds when making large scale predictions of the potential export of carbon and nitrogen from forested systems.
Download or read book Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York City's municipal water supply system provides about 1 billion gallons of drinking water a day to over 8.5 million people in New York City and about 1 million people living in nearby Westchester, Putnam, Ulster, and Orange counties. The combined water supply system includes 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes with a total storage capacity of approximately 580 billion gallons. The city's Watershed Protection Program is intended to maintain and enhance the high quality of these surface water sources. Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program assesses the efficacy and future of New York City's watershed management activities. The report identifies program areas that may require future change or action, including continued efforts to address turbidity and responding to changes in reservoir water quality as a result of climate change.
Download or read book Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 4604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics
Download or read book Riverine Ecosystem Management written by Stefan Schmutz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book surveys the frontier of scientific river research and provides examples to guide management towards a sustainable future of riverine ecosystems. Principal structures and functions of the biogeosphere of rivers are explained; key threats are identified, and effective solutions for restoration and mitigation are provided. Rivers are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world. They increasingly suffer from pollution, water abstraction, river channelisation and damming. Fundamental knowledge of ecosystem structure and function is necessary to understand how human acitivities interfere with natural processes and which interventions are feasible to rectify this. Modern water legislation strives for sustainable water resource management and protection of important habitats and species. However, decision makers would benefit from more profound understanding of ecosystem degradation processes and of innovative methodologies and tools for efficient mitigation and restoration. The book provides best-practice examples of sustainable river management from on-site studies, European-wide analyses and case studies from other parts of the world. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of aquatic ecology, river system functioning, conservation and restoration, to postgraduate students, to institutions involved in water management, and to water related industries.
