Download or read book Concentration of Market Power Through Mergers Take overs Joint Ventures and Other Acquisitions of Control and Its Effects on International Markets in Particular the Markets of Developing Countries written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Secretariat and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concentration of Market Power Through Mergers Take overs Joint Ventures and Other Acquisitions of Control and Its Effects on International Markets in Particular the Markets of Developing Countries written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Secretariat and published by New York : UNCTAD. This book was released on 1993 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concentration of Market Power Through Mergers Take overs Joint Ventures and Other Acquisitions of Control and Its Effects on International Markets in Particular the Markets of Developing Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concentration of Market Power Through Mergers Take overs Joint Ventures and Acquisitions of Control and Its Effects on International Markets in Particular the Markets of Developing Countries written by UNCTAD and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concentration of Market Power Through Mergers Take overs Joint Ventures and Other Acquisitions of Control and Its Effects on International Markets in Particular the Markets of Developing Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multinational Enterprises the Law written by Peter T. Muchlinski and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-07-12 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multinational Enterprises and the Law presents the only comprehensive contemporary and interdisciplinary account of the various techniques used to regulate multinational enterprises (MNEs) at the national, regional and multilateral levels. In addition it considers the effects of corporate self-regulation upon the development of the legal order in this area. Split into four parts the book firstly deals with the conceptual basis for MNE regulation, explaining the growth of MNEs, their business and legal forms and the relationship between them and the effects of a globalising economy and society upon the evolution of regulatory agendas in the field. Part II covers the main areas of economic regulation including the limits of national and regional jurisdiction over MNE activities, controls, and liberalization of entry and establishment, tax, company, and competition law. Part III introduces the social dimension of MNE regulation covering labour rights, human rights, and environmental issues, and Part IV deals with the contribution of international law and organizations to MNE regulation and to the control of investment risks, covering the main provisions found in international investment agreements and their recent interpretation by international tribunals.
Download or read book Operation of the Trade Agreements Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multinational Enterprises and the Law written by Peter Muchlinski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multinational Enterprises and the Law is the only comprehensive, contemporary, and interdisciplinary account of the techniques used to regulate multinational enterprises (MNEs) at the national, regional, and multilateral levels. In addition, it considers the effects of corporate self-regulation, and the impact of civil society and community groups upon the development of the legal order in this area. The book has been thoroughly revised and updated for this third edition, making it a definitive reference work for students, researchers, and practitioners of international economic law, business, corporate and commercial law, development studies, and international politics. Split into four parts, the book first deals with the conceptual basis for MNE regulation. It explains the growth of MNEs, their business and legal forms, and the relationship between them and the effects of a globalised economy and society upon the evolution of regulatory agendas in the field. Part II covers the main areas of economic regulation, including the limits of national and regional jurisdiction over MNE activities, controls over, and the liberalisation of, entry and establishment, tax, company and competition law and the impact of intellectual property rights on technology diffusion and transfer. Part III introduces the social dimension of MNE regulation covering labour rights, human rights, and environmental issues. Finally, Part IV deals with the contribution of international investment law to MNE regulation and to the control of investment risks, covering the main provisions found in international investment agreements, their interpretation by international tribunals, and how concerns over these developments are leading to reform proposals.
Download or read book The Year in Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Yearbook of the United Nations Volume 46 1992 written by United Nations and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 1294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully indexed, the 1992 edition of the Yearbook is the single most current, comprehensive and authoritative reference publication about the work of the United Nations, other international organizations and related bodies. The book is designed not just for use by diplomats, officials and scholars but also by other researchers, writers, journalists, teachers and students. The year 1992 was a remarkably eventful one for the United Nations and in the conduct of international relations. This volume of the Yearbook details the activities of the United Nations, its many organs, agencies and programmes, working together to rekindle a new form of multilateral cooperation for a better world. It records the diverse and globe-encompassing activities of the United Nations and its enduring efforts to deal with the world's pressing concerns, particularly matters of international peace and security, disarmament, human rights, the settlement of regional conflicts, economic and social development, the preservation of the environment, control of drugs and narcotic substance abuse, crime prevention, adequate shelter, youth and the ageing and humanitarian assistance for refugees as well as disaster relief. The Yearbooks for the years 1988, 1989 and 1990 are expected to be published within the next two years.
Download or read book The Globalisation of Indian Business written by Beena Saraswathy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consolidation activities such as mergers and acquisitions (M&As) have been one of the major strategies adopted by Indian firms to withstand global competition. M&As experienced a substantial increase in value and volume during the post-liberalization era, facilitated by the presence of foreign subsidiaries in the Indian market as well as competitive pressure on domestic firms. The increased foreign investment through M&As brought new dimensions to the fore such as the implications on technological performance, efficiency, and more importantly, competition in the Indian market. The Globalisation of Indian Business: Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions in Indian Manufacturing provides an in-depth analysis of these issues, specifically aiming to understand whether the M&As strategies helped the firms to achieve their desired objectives in terms of improvement in technology, efficiency and market power in the context of the increase of M&As in India, using appropriate statistical and econometric techniques. The book is of additional importance in the context of the recently implemented Competition Act, replacing the thirty year old MRTP Act in India. The new Act aims to maintain competition and protect consumers’ interests without harming that of the producers’. Based on the analysis, broadly, the study cautions the regulators to rethink the efficiency defence argument and become more vigilant on the creation of monopolies. On the other side, it suggests firms should reconsider their post-merger integration strategy since consolidation has not led to a sustainable increase in market share of the surviving firms.
Download or read book Market definition and market power in the platform economy written by Jens-Uwe Franck and published by Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE). This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rise of digital platforms and the natural tendency of markets involving platforms to become concentrated, competition authorities and courts are more frequently in a position to investigate and decide merger and abuse cases that involve platforms. This report provides guidance on how to define markets and on how to assess market power when dealing with two-sided platforms. DEFINITION Competition authorities and courts are well advised to uniformly use a multi-markets approach when defining markets in the context of two-sided platforms. The multi-markets approach is the more flexible instrument compared to the competing single-market approach that defines a single market for both sides of a platform, as the former naturally accounts for different substitution possibilities by the user groups on the two sides of the platform. While one might think of conditions under which a single-market approach could be feasible, the necessary conditions are so severe that it would only be applicable under rare circumstances. To fully appreciate business activities in platform markets from a competition law point of view, and to do justice to competition law’s purpose, which is to protect consumer welfare, the legal concept of a “market” should not be interpreted as requiring a price to be paid by one party to the other. It is not sufficient to consider the activities on the “unpaid side” of the platform only indirectly by way of including them in the competition law analysis of the “paid side” of the platform. Such an approach would exclude certain activities and ensuing positive or negative effects on consumer welfare altogether from the radar of competition law. Instead, competition practice should recognize straightforwardly that there can be “markets” for products offered free of charge, i.e. without monetary consideration by those who receive the product. ASSESSMENT The application of competition law often requires an assessment of market power. Using market shares as indicators of market power, in addition to all the difficulties in standard markets, raises further issues for two-sided platforms. When calculating revenue shares, the only reasonable option is to use the sum of revenues on all sides of the platform. Then, such shares should not be interpreted as market shares as they are aggregated over two interdependent markets. Large revenue shares appear to be a meaningful indicator of market power if all undertakings under consideration serve the same sides. However, they are often not meaningful if undertakings active in the relevant markets follow different business models. Given potentially strong cross-group external effects, market shares are less apt in the context of two-sided platforms to indicate market power (or the lack of it). Barriers to entry are at the core of persistent market power and, thus, the entrenchment of incumbent platforms. They deserve careful examination by competition authorities. Barriers to entry may arise due to users’ coordination failure in the presence of network effect. On two-sided platforms, users on both sides of the market have to coordinate their expectations. Barriers to entry are more likely to be present if an industry does not attract new users and if it does not undergo major technological change. Switching costs and network effects may go hand in hand: consumer switching costs sometimes depend on the number of platform users and, in this case, barriers to entry from consumer switching costs increase with platform size. Since market power is related to barriers to entry, the absence of entry attempts may be seen as an indication of market power. However, entry threats may arise from firms offering quite different services, as long as they provide a new home for users’ attention and needs.
Download or read book Report of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Restrictive Business Practices on Its Session Held at the Palais Des Nations Geneva from to written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Restrictive Business Practices and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The rule of Reason in Antitrust Analysis written by Phillip Areeda and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book UNCTAD VIII written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Secretariat and published by New York : United Nations. This book was released on 1992 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Economic Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book THE YEAR IN TRADE OPERATIONS OF THE TRADE AGREEMENTS PROGRAM written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
