Download or read book Concentration Changes of Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids in a Drinking Water Distribution System written by Wei Jie Chen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Relative Dominance of Haloacetic Acids and Trihalomethanes in Treated Drinking Water written by and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The objectives of this project were to investigate the relative occurrence of HAAs and THMs in treated drinking waters and to determine water quality, treatment, and distribution system conditions that influence their relative concentrations. ... In all phases of this study, all four bromine- and chlorine-containing THMs and all nine bromine- and clorine-containing HAAs were measured." -- Executive summary.
Download or read book Long Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality written by John E. Dyksen and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to many U.S. water utilities that are considering changing disinfectants from chlorine to alternative disinfectants, this research has been undertaken to gain knowledge of long-term effects.
Download or read book Haloforms and Related Compounds in Drinking Water written by Anastasia Nikolaou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drinking water quality has been a matter of concern for several decades. Disinfection of drinking water improves its microbiological quality and prevents disease outbreaks. However, continuously increasing scientific research concerns the presence of organic and inorganic contaminants in water. Many of these compounds, named haloforms, originate from the procedure of disinfection, being formed during reactions of disinfectants with natural organic matter present in water. Haloforms may possess carcinogenic or mutagenic properties; therefore minimization of their concentrations in drinking water is a critical issue. Regulatory measures are becoming more and more stringent, as new health effects become known and optimized high-sensitivity analytical methodologies are being developed. Up-to-date research findings concerning all these aspects have been collected, critically reviewed, summarized, and are presented and discussed in the present book.
Download or read book Treatment Techniques for Controlling Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water written by James M. Symons and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Impact Analysis of a Trihalomethane Regulation for Drinking Water written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Supply and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Gas Chromatography to Investigate Volatile Organics in Drinking Water written by Aaron William Brown and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trihalomethanes (THMs) are a major class of disinfection by-products found in chlorinated drinking water. They are an unfortunate side effect of the chlorination process. Due to possible adverse health effects, the United States Environmental Protection Agency has set a maximum contaminant level of 0.080 milligrams per liter for Total Trihalomethanes in drinking water. Recently, the way in which utilities report their trihalomethane levels has changed. This has renewed interest in on-line, near real time monitoring of trihalomethane concentrations. The focus of this research was the development of a fully automated instrument capable of on-line near real time measurement of THMs concentrations in drinking water distribution systems and its application to real world problems. A commercial instrument that was shown to be both rugged and robust was developed. This instrument was used to collect unprecedented on-line THMs data in multiple distribution systems. This data was then used for treatment process optimization in a functioning water treatment plant. Comparison to empirical models showed that it is possible to use on-line monitoring data to calibrate the models for a particular system. This is a possible alternative to the expensive process of developing an entirely new empirical model. Additional studies used the rate of formation of THMs to detemrine the time to the first tap for a particular treatment system. This determined amount of time was used with the rate of ormation for haloacetic acids to distinguish between concentrations resulting from formation and thos resulting from the use of bulk hypochlorite solution.
Download or read book Economic Impact Analysis of the Promulgated Trihalomethane Regulation for Drinking Water written by Temple, Barker, & Sloane, inc and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Significance of Trihalomethanes in Preventing Distribution System Nitrification written by Benjamin Morrey Bayer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Complying with Trihalomethane Reduction Requirements in Water Treatment Facilities written by Philip C. Singer and published by Noyes Publications. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight case studies from around the United States involving the reduction of trihalomethane in water treatment facilities. Includes information on finished water quality, treatment plant performance, and costs for each example. "From the Introduction: " In order to comply with the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), many utilities have modified their pre-oxidation and disinfection practices by switching to alternative oxidants and disinfectants in place of free chlorine. Examples of such modifications include the use of chlorine dioxide (C102), ozone (O3) or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as pre-oxidants and disinfectants with free chlorine used as the final disinfectant, and the use of free chlorine as a pre-oxidant and disinfectant with combined chlorine (e.g., monochloramine (NH2Cl)) used as the final disinfectant. In fact, the final rule establishing an MCL for TTHM in November 1979 (EPA, 1979) was followed in March 1982 by a guidance document for utilities in which the EPA proposed treatment technologies which could be used to control trihalomethane (THM) levels. Three of the five "generally available" treatment methods included the use of chloramines or chlorine dioxide as alternative or supplemental disinfectants or oxidants, and the substitution of chloramines, chlorine dioxide, and potassium permanganate as pre-oxidants in place of chlorine. The proposal also included, as an additional treatment method which should be considered but which was not identified as "generally available," the use of ozone as an alternate or supplemental disinfectant or oxidant. These proposals were subsequently adopted by EPA in February 1983 (EPA, 1983). At the time
Download or read book Drinking Water Quality written by M. Safiur Rahman and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-26 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drinking water, that is also well-known as "Potable Water" should be used safely for drinking, cooking, bathing and washing. The safe drinking water should not contain any type of contaminant/s (natural or anthropogenic). The water quality deterioration in distribution systems can adversely affect consumers' health as well as the aesthetic properties of water. However, old corroded iron pipes lay in water transmission and distribution systems cause different types of problems i.e., apparent turbidity, odor, color, unpleasant metallic taste, high level of metals, loss of disinfection residual and high level of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (Trihalomethanes and Haloacetic Acids) formation. The contents of this book discuss a series experiments to explore the corrosion mechanisms, to reduce metal release from corroded pipe, and to assess their impacts on the changes of water quality in distribution systems. Eventually, this book is a unique approach of the developed mathematical models, which might be an alternative and useful tool for monitoring of drinking water quality in distribution systems.
Download or read book Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Download or read book Treatment Techniques for Controlling Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water written by American Water Works Association and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interim Treatment Guide for the Control of Chloroform and Other Trihalomethanes written by James M. Symons and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling Water Age and Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Drinking Water Distribution Systems in East Tennessee written by Seth Adam Fischer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorine disinfection of drinking waters is responsible for the standard of health we enjoy today and the eradication of waterborne disease. Chlorine also reacts with natural organic matter (NOM) to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs) which have been linked to cancer as well as reproductive and developmental issues. The exact mechanism for formation of regulated DBPs, trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), is unknown. The literature has identified relationships between DBP formation and, most notably, characteristics of NOM, chlorine contact time, temperature, pH [negative log of hydrogen ion concentration], and chlorine dose. This study develops models both specific to individual utilities, and general to utilities with surface water sources using NaClO [sodium hypochlorite] for disinfection within the geographic region of East Tennessee. The study utilizes existing data from four utilities collected for compliance with regulations. Calibrated hydraulic models of the four distribution systems are employed to accurately determine water age (chlorine contact time) in the distribution system, often a limitation of field scale models. Multivariate power functions predict THMs and HAAs for individual utilities and across utilities with similar raw water characteristics and treatment processes. R2 [coefficient of determination] ranges from 0.52 to 0.80. Developed models account for actual distribution system conditions, including water age, and predict THM and HAA levels for the four utilities with a higher R2 value than applicable existing lab scale and field scale models. Results arm utilities with strategies to develop specific DBP models using existing data, control DBP levels, improve quality of drinking water, and achieve compliance with regulations.
Download or read book Preventing Haloform Formation in Drinking Water written by Leland L. Harms and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
