Download or read book Computing with Words written by Lotfi A. Zadeh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-11 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In essence, Computing with Words (CWW) is a system of computation in which the objects of computation are predominantly words, phrases and propositions drawn from a natural language. CWW is based on fuzzy logic. In science there is a deep-seated tradition of according much more respect to numbers than to words. In a fundamental way, CWW is a challenge to this tradition. What is not widely recognized is that, today, words are used in place of numbers in a wide variety of applications ranging from digital cameras and household appliances to fraud detection systems, biomedical instrumentation and subway trains. CWW offers a unique capability—the capability to precisiate natural language. Unprecisiated (raw) natural language cannot be computed with. A key concept which underlies precisiation of meaning is that of the meaning postulate: A proposition, p, is a restriction on the values which a variable, X—a variable which is implicit in p—is allowed to take. CWW has an important ramification for mathematics. Addition of the formalism of CWW to mathematics empowers mathematics to construct mathematical solutions of computational problems which are stated in a natural language. Traditional mathematics does not have this capability.
Download or read book Computing with Words in Information Intelligent Systems 1 written by Lotfi A. Zadeh and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These two volumes consIstmg of Foundations and Applications provide the current status of theoretical and empirical developments in "computing with words". In philosophy, the twentieth century is said to be the century of language. This is mainly due to Wittgenstein who said: "The meaning of a word is its use in the language game". "The concept game is a concept with blurred edges". In the first phrase, "the language game" implies the everyday human activity with language, and in the latter, "game" simply implies an ordinary word. Thus, Wittgenstein precisely stated that a word is fuzzy in real life. Unfortunately this idea about a word was not accepted in the conventional science. We had to wait for Zadeh's fuzzy sets theory. Remembering Wittgenstein's statement, we should consider, on the one hand, the concept of "computing with words" from a philosophical point of view. It deeply relates to the everyday use of a word in which the meaning of a word is fuzzy in its nature.
Download or read book Computing with Words written by Paul P. Wang and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2001 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuzzy logic refers to a computer's ability to make decisions involving "grey" or "fuzzy" areas. As linguistics contains numerous "grey" areas, computing with words through the use of fuzzy logic is an extremely hot topic in database and Internet research. This book explores the state of the art in linguistic computation, discussing how current research findings are extending the application of fuzzy logic beyond control engineering and intelligent systems into the use of language on a computer. Fuzzy logic pioneer, Dr. Lofti Zadeh, provides the introduction for this thought-provoking work.
Download or read book Perceptual Computing written by Jerry Mendel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-07-16 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains for the first time how "computing with words" can aid in making subjective judgments Lotfi Zadeh, the father of fuzzy logic, coined the phrase "computing with words" (CWW) to describe a methodology in which the objects of computation are words and propositions drawn from a natural language. Perceptual Computing explains how to implement CWW to aid in the important area of making subjective judgments, using a methodology that leads to an interactive device—a "Perceptual Computer"—that propagates random and linguistic uncertainties into the subjective judgment in a way that can be modeled and observed by the judgment maker. This book focuses on the three components of a Perceptual Computer—encoder, CWW engines, and decoder—and then provides detailed applications for each. It uses interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FSs) and fuzzy logic as the mathematical vehicle for perceptual computing, because such fuzzy sets can model first-order linguistic uncertainties whereas the usual kind of fuzzy sets cannot. Drawing upon the work on subjective judgments that Jerry Mendel and his students completed over the past decade, Perceptual Computing shows readers how to: Map word-data with its inherent uncertainties into an IT2 FS that captures these uncertainties Use uncertainty measures to quantify linguistic uncertainties Compare IT2 FSs by using similarity and rank Compute the subsethood of one IT2 FS in another such set Aggregate disparate data, ranging from numbers to uniformly weighted intervals to nonuniformly weighted intervals to words Aggregate multiple-fired IF-THEN rules so that the integrity of word IT2 FS models is preserved Free MATLAB-based software is also available online so readers can apply the methodology of perceptual computing immediately, and even try to improve upon it. Perceptual Computing is an important go-to for researchers and students in the fields of artificial intelligence and fuzzy logic, as well as for operations researchers, decision makers, psychologists, computer scientists, and computational intelligence experts.
Download or read book The 2 tuple Linguistic Model written by Luis Martínez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-09 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines one of the more common and wide-spread methodologies to deal with uncertainty in real-world decision making problems, the computing with words paradigm, and the fuzzy linguistic approach. The 2-tuple linguistic model is the most popular methodology for computing with words (CWW), because it improves the accuracy of the linguistic computations and keeps the interpretability of the results. The authors provide a thorough review of the specialized literature in CWW and highlight the rapid growth and applicability of the 2-tuple linguistic model. They explore the foundations and methodologies for CWW in complex frameworks and extensions. The book introduces the software FLINTSTONES that provides tools for solving linguistic decision problems based on the 2-tuple linguistic model. Professionals and researchers working in the field of classification or fuzzy sets and systems will find The 2-tuple Linguistic Model: Computing with Words in Decision Making a valuable resource. Undergraduate and postdoctoral students studying computer science and statistics will also find this book a useful study guide.
Download or read book Rough Neural Computing written by Sankar Kumar Pal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soft computing comprises various paradigms dedicated to approximately solving real-world problems, e.g. in decision making, classification or learning; among these paradigms are fuzzy sets, rough sets, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and others. It is well understood now in the soft computing community that hybrid approaches combining various paradigms are very promising approaches for solving complex problems. Exploiting the potential and strength of both neural networks and rough sets, this book is devoted to rough-neuro computing which is also related to the novel aspect of computing based on information granulation, in particular to computing with words. It provides foundational and methodological issues as well as applications in various fields.
Download or read book Natural Language Processing with Python written by Steven Bird and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a highly accessible introduction to natural language processing, the field that supports a variety of language technologies, from predictive text and email filtering to automatic summarization and translation. With it, you'll learn how to write Python programs that work with large collections of unstructured text. You'll access richly annotated datasets using a comprehensive range of linguistic data structures, and you'll understand the main algorithms for analyzing the content and structure of written communication. Packed with examples and exercises, Natural Language Processing with Python will help you: Extract information from unstructured text, either to guess the topic or identify "named entities" Analyze linguistic structure in text, including parsing and semantic analysis Access popular linguistic databases, including WordNet and treebanks Integrate techniques drawn from fields as diverse as linguistics and artificial intelligence This book will help you gain practical skills in natural language processing using the Python programming language and the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) open source library. If you're interested in developing web applications, analyzing multilingual news sources, or documenting endangered languages -- or if you're simply curious to have a programmer's perspective on how human language works -- you'll find Natural Language Processing with Python both fascinating and immensely useful.
Download or read book 10th International Conference on Theory and Application of Soft Computing Computing with Words and Perceptions ICSCCW 2019 written by Rafik A. Aliev and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 997 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the 10th Conference on Theory and Applications of Soft Computing, Computing with Words and Perceptions, ICSCCW 2019, held in Prague, Czech Republic, on August 27–28, 2019. It includes contributions from diverse areas of soft computing and computing with words, such as uncertain computation, decision-making under imperfect information, neuro-fuzzy approaches, deep learning, natural language processing, and others. The topics of the papers include theory and applications of soft computing, information granulation, computing with words, computing with perceptions, image processing with soft computing, probabilistic reasoning, intelligent control, machine learning, fuzzy logic in data analytics and data mining, evolutionary computing, chaotic systems, soft computing in business, economics and finance, fuzzy logic and soft computing in earth sciences, fuzzy logic and soft computing in engineering, fuzzy logic and soft computing in material sciences, soft computing in medicine, biomedical engineering, and pharmaceutical sciences. Showcasing new ideas in the field of theories of soft computing and computing with words and their applications in economics, business, industry, education, medicine, earth sciences, and other fields, it promotes the development and implementation of these paradigms in various real-world contexts. This book is a useful guide for academics, practitioners and graduates.
Download or read book Code written by Charles Petzold and published by Microsoft Press. This book was released on 2022-08-02 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic guide to how computers work, updated with new chapters and interactive graphics "For me, Code was a revelation. It was the first book about programming that spoke to me. It started with a story, and it built up, layer by layer, analogy by analogy, until I understood not just the Code, but the System. Code is a book that is as much about Systems Thinking and abstractions as it is about code and programming. Code teaches us how many unseen layers there are between the computer systems that we as users look at every day and the magical silicon rocks that we infused with lightning and taught to think." - Scott Hanselman, Partner Program Director, Microsoft, and host of Hanselminutes Computers are everywhere, most obviously in our laptops and smartphones, but also our cars, televisions, microwave ovens, alarm clocks, robot vacuum cleaners, and other smart appliances. Have you ever wondered what goes on inside these devices to make our lives easier but occasionally more infuriating? For more than 20 years, readers have delighted in Charles Petzold's illuminating story of the secret inner life of computers, and now he has revised it for this new age of computing. Cleverly illustrated and easy to understand, this is the book that cracks the mystery. You'll discover what flashlights, black cats, seesaws, and the ride of Paul Revere can teach you about computing, and how human ingenuity and our compulsion to communicate have shaped every electronic device we use. This new expanded edition explores more deeply the bit-by-bit and gate-by-gate construction of the heart of every smart device, the central processing unit that combines the simplest of basic operations to perform the most complex of feats. Petzold's companion website, CodeHiddenLanguage.com, uses animated graphics of key circuits in the book to make computers even easier to comprehend. In addition to substantially revised and updated content, new chapters include: Chapter 18: Let's Build a Clock! Chapter 21: The Arithmetic Logic Unit Chapter 22: Registers and Busses Chapter 23: CPU Control Signals Chapter 24: Jumps, Loops, and Calls Chapter 28: The World Brain From the simple ticking of clocks to the worldwide hum of the internet, Code reveals the essence of the digital revolution.
Download or read book 11th International Conference on Theory and Application of Soft Computing Computing with Words and Perceptions and Artificial Intelligence ICSCCW 2021 written by Rafik A. Aliev and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 803 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the 11th Conference on Theory and Applications of Soft Computing, Computing with Words and Perceptions and Artificial Intelligence, ICSCCW-2021, held in Antalya, Turkey, on August 23–24, 2021. The general scope of the book covers uncertain computation, decision making under imperfect information, neuro-fuzzy approaches, natural language processing, and other areas. The topics of the papers include theory and application of soft computing, computing with words, image processing with soft computing, intelligent control, machine learning, fuzzy logic in data mining, soft computing in business, economics, engineering, material sciences, biomedical engineering, and health care. This book is a useful guide for academics, practitioners, and graduates in fields of soft computing and computing with words. It allows for increasing of interest in development and applying of these paradigms in various real-life fields.
Download or read book Learning and Soft Computing written by Vojislav Kecman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a thorough introduction to the field of learning from experimental data and soft computing. Support vector machines (SVM) and neural networks (NN) are the mathematical structures, or models, that underlie learning, while fuzzy logic systems (FLS) enable us to embed structured human knowledge into workable algorithms. The book assumes that it is not only useful, but necessary, to treat SVM, NN, and FLS as parts of a connected whole. Throughout, the theory and algorithms are illustrated by practical examples, as well as by problem sets and simulated experiments. This approach enables the reader to develop SVM, NN, and FLS in addition to understanding them. The book also presents three case studies: on NN-based control, financial time series analysis, and computer graphics. A solutions manual and all of the MATLAB programs needed for the simulated experiments are available.
Download or read book Natural Language Computing written by Ray C. Dougherty and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book's main goal is to show readers how to use the linguistic theory of Noam Chomsky, called Universal Grammar, to represent English, French, and German on a computer using the Prolog computer language. In so doing, it presents a follow-the-dots approach to natural language processing, linguistic theory, artificial intelligence, and expert systems. The basic idea is to introduce meaningful answers to significant problems involved in representing human language data on a computer.
Download or read book Theoretical Advances and Applications of Fuzzy Logic and Soft Computing written by Oscar Castillo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-10 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises a selection of papers on theoretical advances and applications of fuzzy logic and soft computing from the IFSA 2007 World Congress, held in Cancun, Mexico, June 2007. These papers constitute an important contribution to the theory and applications of fuzzy logic and soft computing methodologies.
Download or read book Learner Centered Design of Computing Education written by MARK GUZDIAL and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computing education is in enormous demand. Many students (both children and adult) are realizing that they will need programming in the future. This book presents the argument that they are not all going to use programming in the same way and for the same purposes. What do we mean when we talk about teaching everyone to program? When we target a broad audience, should we have the same goals as computer science education for professional software developers? How do we design computing education that works for everyone? This book proposes use of a learner-centered design approach to create computing education for a broad audience. It considers several reasons for teaching computing to everyone and how the different reasons lead to different choices about learning goals and teaching methods. The book reviews the history of the idea that programming isn't just for the professional software developer. It uses research studies on teaching computing in liberal arts programs, to graphic designers, to high school teachers, in order to explore the idea that computer science for everyone requires us to re-think how we teach and what we teach. The conclusion describes how we might create computing education for everyone.
Download or read book Soft Computing State of the Art Theory and Novel Applications written by Ronald R Yager and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-31 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a tribute to Lotfi A. Zadeh, the father of fuzzy logic, on the occasion of his 90th Birthday. The book gathers original scientific contributions written by top scientists and presenting the latest theories, applications and new trends in the fascinating and challenging field of soft computing.
Download or read book The Dynamics of Judicial Proof written by Marilyn MacCrimmon and published by Physica. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fact finding in judicial proceedings is a dynamic process. This collection of papers considers whether computational methods or other formal logical methods developed in disciplines such as artificial intelligence, decision theory, and probability theory can facilitate the study and management of dynamic evidentiary and inferential processes in litigation. The papers gathered here have several epicenters, including (i) the dynamics of judicial proof, (ii) the relationship between artificial intelligence or formal analysis and "common sense," (iii) the logic of factual inference, including (a) the relationship between causality and inference and (b) the relationship between language and factual inference, (iv) the logic of discovery, including the role of abduction and serendipity in the process of investigation and proof of factual matters, and (v) the relationship between decision and inference.
Download or read book A Dictionary of Computer Science written by Andrew Butterfield and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing comprehensive coverage of computer applications in industry, school, work, education, and the home, this fully revised dictionary is the ideal reference for students, professionals, and anyone who uses computers.
