Download or read book Computing Science in Ancient India written by Thammavarapu R. N. Rao and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Description: Not only the sign for zero, but also the binary number system, the ideas of metarules, algebraic transformation, recursion, hashing, mathematical logic, formal grammars, and high level language description arose first in India. Indian mathematical science had already reached dizzying heights about 2,500 years ago by the time of Panini and Pingala, considered by tradition to have been brothers. Panini's grammar for Sanskrit, which is equivalent in its computing power to the most powerful computing machine, has not yet been matched for any other language, while Pingala described the binary number system. This classic book of contributions by the leading scholars in the world presents an overview of these seminal contributions to computer science. It also includes chapters on models and computation in astronomy and cognitive science.
Download or read book Computation in Ancient India written by T. R. N. Rao and published by . This book was released on 2016-07 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The material in this book presents an introduction to the Indian contributions to the science of computing. The book starts with an overview of Indian science. The next three chapters deal with the description of binary numbers, the Katapayadi notation and its equivalence to hashing that is used in computer systems, and the Panini-Backus form to describe a high-level computer language based on the ideas of the great grammarian Panini. The next two chapters describe some technical aspects of Panini's grammar and Indian logic. The Paninian structure (5th century BCE) has been shown to be equivalent to the Turing machine. The rise of mathematical logic in India took place centuries before its rediscovery in Europe. The next chapter shows how one needs ingenuity in decoding Indian texts. It is shown that Indian myths represent information regarding the motions of the planets. The last two chapters deal with cosmology and cognitive science.
Download or read book In Search of the Cradle of Civilization written by Georg Feuerstein and published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. This book was released on 2005 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this pathbreaking book, the authors show that the ancient Indians were no primitives but possessed a high spiritual culture, which not only influenced the evolution of the Western world in decisive ways but which still hs much to teach us today. India's archaic spirituality is codified in the rich symbols, metaphors and myths of the magnificent Rig-Veda, which is shown to be much older than has been widely assumed by scholars. The present book also unravels the astonishing mathematical and astronomical code hidden in the Vedic hymns. Anyone interested in ancient cultural history, India, archaeo-astronomy or spirituality will find this well researched and cross-cultural work spellbinding and enriching.
Download or read book Ancient Hindu Science written by Alok Kumar and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand modern science as a coherent story, we must recognize the achievements of the ancient Hindus and this book tells their stories through painstaking research of historical and scientific sources. The ancient Hindus invented our base-ten number system and zero that are now used globally, carefully mapped the sky and assigned motion to the Earth in their astronomy, developed a sophisticated system of medicine with its mind-body approach known as Ayurveda, mastered metallurgical methods of extraction and purification of metals, including the so-called Damascus blade and the Iron Pillar of New Delhi, and developed the science of self-improvement that is popularly known as yoga. Their scientific contributions impacted noted scholars globally: Aristotle, Megasthenes, and Apollonius of Tyana among the Greeks; Al-Biruni, Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn Labban, and Al-Uqlidisi, Al-Jahiz among the Islamic scholars; Fa-Hien, Hiuen Tsang, and I-tsing among the Chinese; and Leonardo Fibbonacci, Pope Sylvester II, Roger Bacon, Voltaire and Copernicus from Europe. In the modern era, thinkers and scientists as diverse as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Gottfried Herder, Carl Jung, Max Mueller, Robert Oppenheimer, Erwin Schroedinger, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Henry David Thoreau have acknowledged their debt to ancient Hindu achievements in science, technology, and philosophy. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), one of the largest scientific organizations in the world, in 2000, published a timeline of 100 most important scientific findings in history to celebrate the new millennium. There were only two mentions from the non-Western world: (1) invention of zero and (2) the Hindu and Mayan skywatchers astronomical observations for agricultural and religious purposes. Both findings involved the works of the ancient Hindus. Ancient Hindu Science is well documented with remarkable objectivity, proper citations, and a substantial bibliography. The style of writing is lucid and elegant, making the book easy to read. This book is the perfect text for all students and others interested in the developments of science throughout history and among the ancient Hindus, in particular.
Download or read book Encyclopaedia of the History of Science Technology and Medicine in Non Western Cultures written by Helaine Selin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-12 with total page 2428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, at last, is the massively updated and augmented second edition of this landmark encyclopedia. It contains approximately 1000 entries dealing in depth with the history of the scientific, technological and medical accomplishments of cultures outside of the United States and Europe. The entries consist of fully updated articles together with hundreds of entirely new topics. This unique reference work includes intercultural articles on broad topics such as mathematics and astronomy as well as thoughtful philosophical articles on concepts and ideas related to the study of non-Western Science, such as rationality, objectivity, and method. You’ll also find material on religion and science, East and West, and magic and science.
Download or read book Indian Mathematics written by George Gheverghese Joseph and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indian Mathematics gives a unique insight into the history of mathematics within a historical global context. It builds on research into the connection between mathematics and the world-wide advancement of economics and technology. Joseph draws out parallel developments in other cultures and carefully examines the transmission of mathematical ideas across geographical and cultural borders. Accessible to those who have an interest in the global history of mathematical ideas, for the historians, philosophers and sociologists of mathematics, it is a book not to be missed.
Download or read book The Indo Aryan Controversy written by Edwin Francis Bryant and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles in this survey of the Indo-Aryan controversy address questions such as: are the Indo-Aryans insiders or outsiders?
Download or read book Consciousness written by Prem Saran Satsangi and published by Motilal Banarsidass. This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique volume brings together eastern and western perspectives on consciousness with essays from philosophers and scientists which emphasize different aspects of the integration. The overarching aim of this book is to provide direction toward integrating Eastern philosophical and religious practice with philosophies and science of Western culture, an aim that could be pivotal in understanding consciousness and its place in nature. A unifying approach is adopted to the study of consciousness, integrating the wisdom of the sages of the east, and the scientists of the west and the stupendous east-west integration that has been achieved is indeed a milestone. The book will appeal to the rapidly growing mass of scientists and students in this upcoming field, both in the east and west, as well as the general inquisitive reader. Courses in consciousness studies are being promoted in leading Universities all over the world. It will also interest the followers and adherents of Eastern Philosophy of Saints and Radhasoami Faith numbering in a few millions around the globe.
Download or read book History of Science and Technology in Ancient India written by Manohar Bhardwaj and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Survey of Hinduism written by Klaus K. Klostermaier and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition of the classic text updates the information contained in the earlier editions, and includes new chapters on the origins of Hinduism; its history of relations with Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam; Hindu science; and Hindu measures of time. The chronology and the bibliography have been updated as well. A comprehensive survey of the Hindu tradition, the book deals with the history of Hinduism, the sacred writings of the Hindus, the Hindu worldview, and the specifics of the major branches of Hinduism—Vaisnavism, Saivism, and Saktism. It also focuses on the geographical ties of Hinduism with the land of India, the social order created by Hinduism, and the various systems of Hindu thought. Klaus K. Klostermaier describes the development of Hinduism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including present-day political Hinduism and the efforts to turn Hinduism into a modern world religion. A unique feature of the book is its treatment of Hinduism in a topical fashion, rather than by chronological description of the development of Hinduism or by summary of the literature. The complexities of Hindu life and thought are thus made real to the reader, and Hindus will recognize it as their own tradition.
Download or read book Astronomy Across Cultures written by Helaine Selin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomy Across Cultures: A History of Non-Western Astronomy consists of essays dealing with the astronomical knowledge and beliefs of cultures outside the United States and Europe. In addition to articles surveying Islamic, Chinese, Native American, Aboriginal Australian, Polynesian, Egyptian and Tibetan astronomy, among others, the book includes essays on Sky Tales and Why We Tell Them and Astronomy and Prehistory, and Astronomy and Astrology. The essays address the connections between science and culture and relate astronomical practices to the cultures which produced them. Each essay is well illustrated and contains an extensive bibliography. Because the geographic range is global, the book fills a gap in both the history of science and in cultural studies. It should find a place on the bookshelves of advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars, as well as in libraries serving those groups.
Download or read book Celebration of Ignorance written by P E S Kartha and published by P E S KARTHA. This book was released on 2021-12-17 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COLLAGE OF DELIGHTFUL ESSAYS! The ‘Celebration of Ignorance’ comprises 30 essays, derived from many contrasting themes such as travel reminisces, the multifaceted profile of Yoga, hilarious childhood memories, the age and pedigree of water, the current status of a Spiritual pilgrimage, and more. A few of the essays discuss serious issues like Beliefs and Behaviour. Even so they are presented in a cheerful, pleasant style with a sprinkle of humour. A few such threads are: Knowledge-Island and the sea of human ignorance, Formal vs informal education, Global warming, Kerala School of Mathematics, The golden features of Sanskrit, the threatened cultural base and the festivals of Kerala, The Indian Culture, amongst others. A few of the representative essay-titles are: Snowball Comets Inc.; Breakfast, Penance & The Ecstasy; Fascinating Story of Our Calendars; Does A Butterfly Trigger Storms; Joy; Onam, e-Onam; A Day That Changed The World; ... This is a good read as well as a good gift to your dear ones!
Download or read book Doing Business in India written by Rajesh Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to analyze the nature of European and North American firms' business experience in India with a particular emphasis on understanding the causes of their successes and failure. Part of this is due to the fact that although India resembles the West in some ways, the institutional environment is radically different from that of Euro-American societies. Differences in culture, politics, the economy, and business structure all make it difficult for a Western manager to act accordingly. This book strives to offer Western managers the knowledge they will need to succeed in business in India.
Download or read book Human Choice and Computers written by Klaus Brunnstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Choice and Computers: Issues of Choice and Quality of Life in the Information Society presents different views about how terrorist actions are influencing political and social discussions and decisions, and it covers questions related to legitimacy and power in the Information Society. Ethical principles are important guidelines for responsible behavior of IT professionals. But even under strong external pressure, long ranging aspects such as education and the roles of developing countries in the Information Society are important to discuss, especially to enable all to actively participate in information processes.
Download or read book Jain Approaches to Plurality written by Melanie Barbato and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Jain Approaches to Plurality Melanie Barbato offers a new perspective on the Jain teaching of plurality (anekāntavāda) and how it allowed Jains to engage with other discourses from Indian inter-school philosophy to global interreligious dialogue.
Download or read book Creating the Soul Body written by Robert E. Cox and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2008-04-18 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outlines the principles and mechanics of the soul body, the spiritual vehicle that enables individual consciousness to survive the body’s death • Shows that the ancient Vedic, Egyptian, Hebraic, and Pythagorean traditions shared and understood this spiritual practice • Reveals modern science as only now awakening to this ancient sacred science Ancient peoples the world over understood that individual consciousness is rooted in a universal field of consciousness and is therefore eternal, surviving the passing of the physical body. They engaged in spiritual practices to make that transition maximally auspicious. These practices can be described as a kind of alchemy, in which base elements are discarded and higher levels of consciousness are realized. The result is the creation of a vehicle, a soul body, that carries consciousness beyond physical death. These spiritual preparations are symbolized in the Vedic, Egyptian, and Hebraic traditions as a divine stairway or ladder, a step-by-step path of ascent in which the practitioner raises consciousness by degrees until it comes to rest in the bosom of the infinite, thereby becoming “immortal.” This spiritual process explains the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, for example, whose reincarnation is confirmed in infancy through physical and spiritual signs, indicating that the consciousness has been carried from one lifetime to the next. In Creating the Soul Body, Robert Cox maps the spiritual journey of consciousness behind this sacred science of immortality and reveals the practice of creating a soul body in detail. He also shows that this ancient spiritual science resembles advanced theories of modern science, such as wave and particle theory and the unified field theory, and reveals that modern science is only now awakening to this ancient science of “immortality.”
Download or read book The Age of Immunology written by A. David Napier and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fascinating and inventive work, A. David Napier argues that the central assumption of immunology—that we survive through the recognition and elimination of non-self—has become a defining concept of the modern age. Tracing this immunological understanding of self and other through an incredibly diverse array of venues, from medical research to legal and military strategies and the electronic revolution, Napier shows how this defensive way of looking at the world not only destroys diversity but also eliminates the possibility of truly engaging difference, thereby impoverishing our culture and foreclosing tremendous opportunities for personal growth. To illustrate these destructive consequences, Napier likens the current craze for embracing diversity and the use of politically correct speech to a cultural potluck to which we each bring different dishes, but at which no one can eat unless they abide by the same rules. Similarly, loaning money to developing nations serves as a tool both to make the peoples in those nations more like us and to maintain them in the nonthreatening status of distant dependents. To break free of the resulting downward spiral of homogenization and self-focus, Napier suggests that we instead adopt a new defining concept based on embryology, in which development and self-growth take place through a process of incorporation and transformation. In this effort he suggests that we have much to learn from non-Western peoples, such as the Balinese, whose ritual practices require them to take on the considerable risk of injecting into their selves the potential dangers of otherness—and in so doing ultimately strengthen themselves as well as their society. The Age of Immunology, with its combination of philosophy, history, and cultural inquiry, will be seen as a manifesto for a new age and a new way of thinking about the world and our place in it.
