Download or read book Computations of Soot and NO Emissions from Gas Turbine Combustors written by S. K. Srivatsa and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Parametric Investigation of Soot Behavior and Other Emissions in a Gas Turbine Combustor written by Joseph Dickson Weller and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation was conducted to determine the effects of operating characteristics and fuel additives in a gas turbine combustor on particulates (soot) and other gaseous emissions (NOx, NO). The principles of Mie theory and three-wavelength light transmittance have been utilized in this investigation to determine particulate size and mass concentration. Using an Allison T63 turboshaft engine combustor, five experimental fuels of varying chemical composition were analyzed from an emissions standpoint. There was no apparent relationship between particulate size and either fuel composition or combustor exhaust temperature. Nitric oxide levels were indifferent to fuel composition but did show a characteristics upward trend with exhaust temperature. Visible spectrum transmittance did indicate an inverse relation to increasing exhaust temperature. Though only two fuel additives were tested on one fuel, there was no manifestation of improved transmittance with their use.
Download or read book Influence of Fuel Chemical Properties on Soot Emissions from Gas Turbine Combustors written by J. S. Chin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influence of fuel composition on soot emissions from continuous flow combustors is examined. A study of the combustion characteristics of a wide range of present and potential aviation fuels suggests that smoke point provides a better indication of sooting tendency than does hydrogen content. It is concluded from this study that the best empirical relationship between fuel chemical composition and soot emissions is one which combines two fuel composition parameters -- smoke point and naphthalene content -- into a single parameter which is shown to correlate successfully soot emissions data acquired from several different fuels burning in a variety of gas turbine and model combustors.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Soot Formation in Gas Turbine Combustors written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this three year effort particle extraction methods were evaluated for collecting scoot particulates from sooting flames and significant enhancements to the models for physics of soot formation were developed. Through comparisons to the URTC data as well as data obtained separately at Yale University, the models provided a reasonable simulation of physical phenomena related to soot production in flames. Four different techniques for characterizing soot were evaluated and compared including IPD, TEM. laser extinction and electrical mobility. Evaluation of the last method led to an extension to quantitative measurements of soot emissions from military combustors. Advancements to the soot model include new PAH growth models, a revised particle inception model and more realistic treatment of soot particle physics. The detailed soot model aided development of a simplified code shown to be useful in modeling soot emissions in gas turbine combustors. This final report very briefly reviews the accomplishments of this program and includes some recent work performed in the last quarter on evaluating the effects of self-absorption on the temperature along the centerline of a coflow flame.
Download or read book Development and Assessment of a Soot Emissions Model for Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines written by Bastien Martini and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing candidate policies designed to address the impact of aviation on the environment requires a simplified method to estimate pollutant emissions for current and future aircraft gas turbine engines under different design and operating assumptions. A method for NOx and CO emissions was developed in a previous research effort. This thesis focuses on the addition of a soot mechanism to the existing model. The goal is to estimate soot emissions of existing gas turbine engines within soot measurement uncertainties, and then to use the method to estimate the performance of potential future engines. Soot is non-volatile primary particulate matter. In gas turbine engines the size rarely exceeds l [mu]m. The soot is composed almost exclusively of black carbon, is an aggregate of nearly spherical carbon primary particles, and exhibits fractal behavior. Results of other studies regarding soot nucleation, growth, oxidation, and coagulation rates are integrated within a network of perfectly-stirred reactors and shown to capture the typical evolution of soot inside a gas turbine combustor, with soot formed in the early parts of the combustor and then oxidized. The soot model shows promising results as its emissions estimates are within the measurement uncertainties. Nevertheless, model uncertainties are high. They are the consequence of the large sensitivity to input variables. Therefore, the validity of the model is limited to cases with available engine data. More engine data are needed to develop and assess the soot model.
Download or read book Prediction of Soot Particles in Gas Turbine Combustors Using Large Eddy Simulation written by Lucien Gallen (docteur en physique).) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expected stringent legislation on particulate matter (PM) emission by gas turbine combustors is currently motivating considerable efforts to be better understand, model and predict soot formation. This complex phenomenon is very difficult to study in detail with experiment, and numerical simulation is an essential complementary tool. Considering that the chemistry of soot particles strongly depends on their size, the numerical prediction of soot formation requires the description of their size distribution. To do so, either Eulerian methods (sectional or moments) or stochastic Lagrangian approaches are reported in the literature. In the present work, a far more simple semi-deterministic Lagrangian approach is proposed. An accurate description of the gaseous phase including first Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons is also developed as a necessary input to detail soot model. The combination of reduced chemistries with Lagrangian soot tracking is applied to canonical laminar sooting flames, later to two complex configurations representative of an aeronautical combustors. The first one is the FIRST configuration, a gaseous confined pressurized swirled flame studied experimentally at DLR. Impact of precursors species and radiative transfers through the resolution of Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE). Good predictions are obtained compared to experiments for predicted temperature and soot volume fraction. The second target configuration is the UTIAS Jet A-1 burner and corresponds to a confined turbulent spray flame burning aviation jet fuel A-1 studied experimentally at UTIAS Toronto. LES of this configuration provides a qualitative and quantitative understanding of soot evolution in turbulent spray flames. Numerical predicted soot volume fraction using Lagrangian soot tracking and an ARC mechanism including pyrolysis method is compared to experimental measurements. Results show the ability of the proposed methodology relying on ARC chemistry for Jet A-1 including pyrolysis method and Lagrangian soot tracking, to predict accurately soot compared to available measurements.
Download or read book Soot Loading in a Generic Gas Turbine Combustor written by W. A. Eckerle and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxygen Enhanced Combustion written by Charles E. Baukal Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion-new technologies that produce oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include less pollutant emissi
Download or read book Soot and Radiation in a Gas Turbine Combustor written by A. H. Lefebvre and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of pressure, inlet air temperature, and fuel type on the soot threshold or critical equivalence ratio, are presented. Higher pressures yield lower soot thresholds, while no dependence on fuel type, as described by either the fuel hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, fuel molecular weight, number of carbon atoms, or number of carbon-carbon bonds, is observed. Variations in inlet air temperature have a complex effect; however, the results clearly show that the experimentally measured flame temperature is central to a description of the incipient soot formation process. The critical equivalence ratio dependence on pressure and temperature is shown to agree with a two-step semi-global model for soot precursor evolution for pressures form 0.1 to 0.8 MPa, and measured flame temperatures between 1600 and 2400K. The effects of equivalence ratio, pressure, and fuel chemistry on total non-luminous flame radiation were also studied. Radiant intensity was highest for an equivalence ratio of unity and increased linearly with pressure from 0.4 to 0.8 MPa. Keywords: Incipient soot formation, Flame radiation and emissivity, Premixed flames, Pressure dependence.
Download or read book Gas Turbine Emissions written by Timothy C. Lieuwen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-08 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of clean, sustainable energy systems is a preeminent issue in our time. Gas turbines will continue to be important combustion-based energy conversion devices for many decades to come, used for aircraft propulsion, ground-based power generation, and mechanical-drive applications. This book compiles the key scientific and technological knowledge associated with gas turbine emissions into a single authoritative source.
Download or read book Spatially resolved Soot Measurements in Gas Turbine Combustors written by Q. -P. Zheng and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented at the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, Houston, Texas - June 5-8, 1995.
Download or read book Combustion Technology for a Clean Environment written by Maria Carvalho and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-11-08 with total page 1576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The more than 90 refereed papers in this volume continue a series of biannual benchmarks for technologies that maximize energy conversion while minimizing undesirable emissions. Covering the entire range of industrial and transport combustion as well as strategies for energy research and development, these state-of-the-art will be indispensable to mechanical and chemical engineers in academia and industry and technical personnel in military, energy and environmental government agencies. The topics covered in this book include wood, oil, gas and coal combustion, combustion of alternative fuels, co-combustion and co-gasification, catalytic combustion, NO, SO, soot fundamentals, advanced diagnostics, burners, fluidized bed combustion, incineration, engines, advanced cycles, gas clean-up, control strategy and clean combustion in process industries.
Download or read book Determination of Primary zone Smoke Concentrations from Spectral Radiance Measurements in Gas Turbine Combustors written by Carl T. Norgren and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The smoke concentration within the primary zone of an experimental combustor operating at pressures up to 20 atmospheres was determined with a technique using spectral radiance measurements. Exhaust smoke concentration was obtained from reflectance readings of stained filter paper. The primary zone smoke concentration was of the order of 100 to 1000 times greater than at the exhaust. The smoke oxidation rate obtained is compared with reported values for coal particles and seeded laboratory flames. Primary zone smoke concentration was shown to be related to exhaust smoke number and total radiance.
Download or read book Lewis Structures Technology 1988 written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soot Production in a Tubular Gas Turbine Combustor written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot production in gas turbine combustors is not desirable since it is the major source of exhaust smoke emission and its thermal radiation to the combustor liner deteriorates the liner durability. Soot formation involves comparatively slow chemistry and equilibrium can not be applied to soot modelling in the combustor flow field. . The exact sooting process in the combustor is poorly understood given both the complexity and the limited experimental data available. The work reported in this thesis seeks to first develop in-situ techniques for retrieving spatially-resolved soot properties, mainly soot particle volume fraction, from within the combustor and also to apply the measured results to comparisons with predicted soot concentrations. Two probing methods have been demonstrated which also incorporate a laser absorption technique. The sight probe proves to be more reliable in the present measurements. The evaluation of the physical probing techniques in sooty laboratory flames reveals that the flame structure will not be substantially distorted by the probe. The disturbance caused by the probe is localised, a feature which is evident in the reported water flow visualization test. The necessary inert gas purge can be minimised to reduce the local aerodynamic perturbation. The measured soot volume fraction distributions are comparable with sooting levels reported in flame studies in the literature. The peak soot volume fractions are located off-axis, characteristic of the fuel atornization. The measurementsin the primary zone are restricted by the multi-phase character of the flow, where soot absorption can not be readily discriminated from fuel droplet scattering. Measurements are reported over a range of air-fuel ratios, inlet pressures and temperatures. Time-averageds calard istributionsa t the nominald ilution sectionh ave beeno btained in addition to the soot measuremenut sing probe sampling and standard gas analysis. Correlationso f carbond ioxide with mixtur.
Download or read book Detection of Soot Particles in Gas Turbine Engine Combustion Gases Using Non Intrusive FTIR Spectrosopy written by M. Hilton and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
