Download or read book Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems written by John H. Holland and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1992-04-29 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in studies of complex adaptive systems, ranging from adaptive agents in economic theory to the use of machine learning techniques in the design of complex devices such as aircraft turbines and integrated circuits. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems is the book that initiated this field of study, presenting the theoretical foundations and exploring applications. In its most familiar form, adaptation is a biological process, whereby organisms evolve by rearranging genetic material to survive in environments confronting them. In this now classic work, Holland presents a mathematical model that allows for the nonlinearity of such complex interactions. He demonstrates the model's universality by applying it to economics, physiological psychology, game theory, and artificial intelligence and then outlines the way in which this approach modifies the traditional views of mathematical genetics. Initially applying his concepts to simply defined artificial systems with limited numbers of parameters, Holland goes on to explore their use in the study of a wide range of complex, naturally occuring processes, concentrating on systems having multiple factors that interact in nonlinear ways. Along the way he accounts for major effects of coadaptation and coevolution: the emergence of building blocks, or schemata, that are recombined and passed on to succeeding generations to provide, innovations and improvements.

Download or read book Handbook of Natural Computing written by Grzegorz Rozenberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-09 with total page 2052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Computing is the field of research that investigates both human-designed computing inspired by nature and computing taking place in nature, i.e., it investigates models and computational techniques inspired by nature and also it investigates phenomena taking place in nature in terms of information processing. Examples of the first strand of research covered by the handbook include neural computation inspired by the functioning of the brain; evolutionary computation inspired by Darwinian evolution of species; cellular automata inspired by intercellular communication; swarm intelligence inspired by the behavior of groups of organisms; artificial immune systems inspired by the natural immune system; artificial life systems inspired by the properties of natural life in general; membrane computing inspired by the compartmentalized ways in which cells process information; and amorphous computing inspired by morphogenesis. Other examples of natural-computing paradigms are molecular computing and quantum computing, where the goal is to replace traditional electronic hardware, e.g., by bioware in molecular computing. In molecular computing, data are encoded as biomolecules and then molecular biology tools are used to transform the data, thus performing computations. In quantum computing, one exploits quantum-mechanical phenomena to perform computations and secure communications more efficiently than classical physics and, hence, traditional hardware allows. The second strand of research covered by the handbook, computation taking place in nature, is represented by investigations into, among others, the computational nature of self-assembly, which lies at the core of nanoscience, the computational nature of developmental processes, the computational nature of biochemical reactions, the computational nature of bacterial communication, the computational nature of brain processes, and the systems biology approach to bionetworks where cellular processes are treated in terms of communication and interaction, and, hence, in terms of computation. We are now witnessing exciting interaction between computer science and the natural sciences. While the natural sciences are rapidly absorbing notions, techniques and methodologies intrinsic to information processing, computer science is adapting and extending its traditional notion of computation, and computational techniques, to account for computation taking place in nature around us. Natural Computing is an important catalyst for this two-way interaction, and this handbook is a major record of this important development.

Download or read book Intrinsically Motivated Learning in Natural and Artificial Systems written by Gianluca Baldassarre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-29 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become clear to researchers in robotics and adaptive behaviour that current approaches are yielding systems with limited autonomy and capacity for self-improvement. To learn autonomously and in a cumulative fashion is one of the hallmarks of intelligence, and we know that higher mammals engage in exploratory activities that are not directed to pursue goals of immediate relevance for survival and reproduction but are instead driven by intrinsic motivations such as curiosity, interest in novel stimuli or surprising events, and interest in learning new behaviours. The adaptive value of such intrinsically motivated activities lies in the fact that they allow the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can be used later to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans they underlie lifelong learning, artistic creativity, and scientific discovery, while they are also the basis for processes that strongly affect human well-being, such as the sense of competence, self-determination, and self-esteem. This book has two aims: to present the state of the art in research on intrinsically motivated learning, and to identify the related scientific and technological open challenges and most promising research directions. The book introduces the concept of intrinsic motivation in artificial systems, reviews the relevant literature, offers insights from the neural and behavioural sciences, and presents novel tools for research. The book is organized into six parts: the chapters in Part I give general overviews on the concept of intrinsic motivations, their function, and possible mechanisms for implementing them; Parts II, III, and IV focus on three classes of intrinsic motivation mechanisms, those based on predictors, on novelty, and on competence; Part V discusses mechanisms that are complementary to intrinsic motivations; and Part VI introduces tools and experimental frameworks for investigating intrinsic motivations. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots. The contributing authors are among the pioneers carrying out fundamental work on this topic, drawn from related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, artificial life, evolution, machine learning, developmental psychology, cognitive science, and neuroscience. The book will be of value to graduate students and academic researchers in these domains, and to engineers engaged with the design of autonomous, adaptive robots.

Download or read book Computational Systems Natural and Artificial written by Hermann Haken and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the invited papers presented at an international sympo sium held at Schloss Elmau, Bavaria (FRG), May 4-9, 1987. Leading experts from neurobiology, medicine, physics, and the computer sciences joined to gether to present and discuss their most recent results. A particular example of the natural computational systems discussed is the visual system of man and animals. A bridge between neural networks and physical systems is provided by spin glass models of neural networks, which were also treated. Concrete realizations of new kinds of devices in microelectronics were among the further topics, as were general problems on the calculation of chaotic orbits. In this way these proceedings present a number of quite recent ap proaches to problems which are of great current interest in fields concerned with computational systems. Bringing together scientists from neurobiology, physics, and the computer sciences has been one of the main aims of the synergetics enterprise, and in particular of its international symposia, from the very beginning. For exam ple, its first meeting held in 1972 at Schloss Elmau included, among others, papers by R. Landauer and J. W. F. Woo on cooperative phenomena in data processing, by W. Reichardt on mechanisms of pattern recognition by the visual system of insects, by B. Julesz on stereoscopic depth perception, and by H. R. Wilson on cooperative phenomena in a homogeneous cortical tissue model. Whole meetings and the corresponding proceedings were devoted to these problems, e. g.

Download or read book The Ecology of Computation written by Bernardo A. Huberman and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Propelled by advances in software design and increasing connectivity, distributed computational systems are acquiring characteristics reminiscent of social and biological organizations. This volume is a collection of articles dealing with the nature, design and implementation of these open computational systems. Although varied in their approach and methodology, the articles are related by the goal of understanding and building computational ecologies. They are grouped in three major sections. The first deals with general issues underlying open systems, studies of computational ecologies, and their similarities with social organizations. The second part deals with actual implementations of distributed computation, and the third discusses the overriding problem of designing suitable languages for open systems. All the articles are highly interdisciplinary, emphasizing the application of ecological ideas, game theory, market mechanisms, and evolutionary biology in the study of open systems.

Download or read book Applications of Computational Science in Artificial Intelligence written by Nayyar, Anand and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2022-04-22 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational science, in collaboration with engineering, acts as a bridge between hypothesis and experimentation. It is essential to use computational methods and their applications in order to automate processes as many major industries rely on advanced modeling and simulation. Computational science is inherently interdisciplinary and can be used to identify and evaluate complicated systems, foresee their performance, and enhance procedures and strategies. Applications of Computational Science in Artificial Intelligence delivers technological solutions to improve smart technologies architecture, healthcare, and environmental sustainability. It also provides background on key aspects such as computational solutions, computation framework, smart prediction, and healthcare solutions. Covering a range of topics such as high-performance computing and software infrastructure, this reference work is ideal for software engineers, practitioners, researchers, scholars, academicians, instructors, and students.

Download or read book Biomedical Applications Based on Natural and Artificial Computing written by José Manuel Ferrández Vicente and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-10 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volumes LNCS 10337 and 10338 constitute the proceedings of the International Work-Conference on the Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2017, held in Corunna, Spain, in June 2017. The total of 102 full papers was carefully reviewed and selected from 194 submissions during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in two volumes, one on natural and artificial computation for biomedicine and neuroscience, addressing topics such as theoretical neural computation; models; natural computing in bioinformatics; physiological computing in affective smart environments; emotions; as well as signal processing and machine learning applied to biomedical and neuroscience applications. The second volume deals with biomedical applications, based on natural and artificial computing and addresses topics such as biomedical applications; mobile brain computer interaction; human robot interaction; deep learning; machine learning applied to big data analysis; computational intelligence in data coding and transmission; and applications.

Download or read book Natural and Artificial Models in Computation and Biology written by Jose Manuel Ferrandez Vicente and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volume-set, LNCS 7930 and LNCS 7931, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Work-Conference on the Interplay between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2013, held in Mallorca, Spain, in June 2013. The 92 revised full papers presented in LNCS 7930 and LNCS 7931 were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The first part, LNCS 7930, entitled "Natural and Artificial Models in Computation and Biology”, includes all the contributions mainly related to the methodological, conceptual, formal, and experimental developments in the fields of neurophysiology and cognitive science. The second part, LNCS 7931, entitled “Natural and Artificial Computation in Engineering and Medical Applications”, contains the papers related to bioinspired programming strategies and all the contributions related to the computational solutions to engineering problems in different application domains, specially Health applications, including the CYTED “Artificial and Natural Computation for Health” (CANS) research network papers. In addition, this two volume-set reflects six interesting areas: cognitive robotics; natural computing; wetware computation; quality of life technologies; biomedical and industrial perception applications; and Web intelligence and neuroscience.

Download or read book Intelligent Computational Systems A Multi Disciplinary Perspective written by Faria Nassiri-Mofakham and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent Computational Systems presents current and future developments in intelligent computational systems in a multi-disciplinary context. Readers will learn about the pervasive and ubiquitous roles of artificial intelligence (AI) and gain a perspective about the need for intelligent systems to behave rationally when interacting with humans in complex and realistic domains. This reference covers widespread applications of AI discussed in 11 chapters which cover topics such as AI and behavioral simulations, AI schools, automated negotiation, language analysis and learning, financial prediction, sensor management, Multi-agent systems, and much more. This reference work is will assist researchers, advanced-level students and practitioners in information technology and computer science fields interested in the broad applications of AI.

Download or read book Computational Sciences and Artificial Intelligence in Industry written by Tero Tuovinen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is addressed to young researchers and engineers in the fields of Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, ranging from innovative computational methods to digital machine learning tools and their coupling used for solving challenging industrial and societal problems.This book provides the latest knowledge from jointly academic and industries experts in Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence fields for exploring possibilities and identifying challenges of applying Computational Sciences and AI methods and tools in industrial and societal sectors.

Download or read book The Computational Beauty of Nature written by Gary William Flake and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000-01-27 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gary William Flake develops in depth the simple idea that recurrent rules can produce rich and complicated behaviors. In this book Gary William Flake develops in depth the simple idea that recurrent rules can produce rich and complicated behaviors. Distinguishing "agents" (e.g., molecules, cells, animals, and species) from their interactions (e.g., chemical reactions, immune system responses, sexual reproduction, and evolution), Flake argues that it is the computational properties of interactions that account for much of what we think of as "beautiful" and "interesting." From this basic thesis, Flake explores what he considers to be today's four most interesting computational topics: fractals, chaos, complex systems, and adaptation. Each of the book's parts can be read independently, enabling even the casual reader to understand and work with the basic equations and programs. Yet the parts are bound together by the theme of the computer as a laboratory and a metaphor for understanding the universe. The inspired reader will experiment further with the ideas presented to create fractal landscapes, chaotic systems, artificial life forms, genetic algorithms, and artificial neural networks.

Download or read book Collective Agency and Cooperation in Natural and Artificial Systems written by Catrin Misselhorn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together philosophical approaches to cooperation and collective agency with research into human-machine interaction and cooperation from engineering, robotics, computer science and AI. Bringing these so far largely unrelated fields of study together leads to a better understanding of collective agency in natural and artificial systems and will help to improve the design and performance of hybrid systems involving human and artificial agents. Modeling collective agency with the help of computer simulations promises also philosophical insights into the emergence of collective agency. The volume consists of four sections. The first section is dedicated to the concept of agency. The second section of the book turns to human-machine cooperation. The focus of the third section is the transition from cooperation to collective agency. The last section concerns the explanatory value of social simulations of collective agency in the broader framework of cultural evolution.

Download or read book Artificial Immune Systems A New Computational Intelligence Approach written by Leandro Nunes de Castro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-09-23 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) are adaptive systems inspired by the biological immune system and applied to problem solving. This book provides an accessible introduction that will be suitable for anyone who is beginning to study or work in this area. It gives a clear definition of an AIS, sets out the foundations of the topic (including basic algorithms), and analyses how the immune system relates to other biological systems and processes. No prior knowledge of immunology is needed - all the essential background information is covered in the introductory chapters. Key features of the book include: - A discussion of AIS in the context of Computational Intelligence; - Case studies in Autonomous Navigation, Computer Network Security, Job-Shop Scheduling and Data Analysis =B7 An extensive survey of applications; - A framework to help the reader design and understand AIS; - A web site with additional resources including pseudocodes for immune algorithms, and links to related sites. Written primarily for final year undergraduate and postgraduate students studying Artificial Intelligence, Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Computing, this book will also be of interest to industrial and academic researchers working in related areas.

Download or read book Artificial Unintelligence written by Meredith Broussard and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology and why we should never assume that computers always get it right. In Artificial Unintelligence, Meredith Broussard argues that our collective enthusiasm for applying computer technology to every aspect of life has resulted in a tremendous amount of poorly designed systems. We are so eager to do everything digitally—hiring, driving, paying bills, even choosing romantic partners—that we have stopped demanding that our technology actually work. Broussard, a software developer and journalist, reminds us that there are fundamental limits to what we can (and should) do with technology. With this book, she offers a guide to understanding the inner workings and outer limits of technology—and issues a warning that we should never assume that computers always get things right. Making a case against technochauvinism—the belief that technology is always the solution—Broussard argues that it's just not true that social problems would inevitably retreat before a digitally enabled Utopia. To prove her point, she undertakes a series of adventures in computer programming. She goes for an alarming ride in a driverless car, concluding “the cyborg future is not coming any time soon”; uses artificial intelligence to investigate why students can't pass standardized tests; deploys machine learning to predict which passengers survived the Titanic disaster; and attempts to repair the U.S. campaign finance system by building AI software. If we understand the limits of what we can do with technology, Broussard tells us, we can make better choices about what we should do with it to make the world better for everyone.

Download or read book Perspectives on Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems written by Lashon Booker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-02-24 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of essays exploring adaptive systems from many perspectives, ranging from computational applications to models of adaptation in living and social systems. The essays on computation discuss history, theory, applications, and possible threats of adaptive and evolving computations systems. The modeling chapters cover topics such as evolution in microbial populations, the evolution of cooperation, and how ideas about evolution relate to economics. The title Perspectives on Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems honors John Holland, whose 1975 Book, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems has become a classic text for many disciplines in which adaptation play a central role. The essays brought together here were originally written to honor John Holland, and span most of the different areas touched by his wide-ranging and influential research career. The authors include some of the most prominent scientists in the fields of artificial intelligence evolutionary computation, and complex adaptive systems. Taken together, these essays present a broad modern picture of current research on adaptation as it relates to computers, living systems, society, and their complex interactions.

Download or read book Transactions on Computational Systems Biology X written by Corrado Priami and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-18 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology is taking us to a world where myriads of heavily networked devices interact with the physical world in multiple ways, and at many levels, from the globalInternetdowntomicroandnanodevices. Manyofthesedevicesarehighly mobile and autonomous and must adapt to the surrounding environment in a totally unsupervised way. A fundamental research challenge is the design of robust decentralized c- puting systemsthat arecapableofoperating in changing environmentsandwith noisy input, and yet exhibit the desired behavior and response time, under c- straints such as energy consumption, size, and processing power. These systems should be able to adapt and learn how to react to unforeseen scenarios as well as to display properties comparable to social entities. The observation of nature has brought us many great and unforeseen concepts. Biological systems are able to handle many of these challenges with an elegance and e?ciency far beyond currenthumanartifacts. Basedonthisobservation,bio-inspiredapproacheshave been proposed as a means of handling the complexity of such systems. The goal is to obtain methods to engineer technical systems, which are of a stability and e?ciency comparable to those found in biological entities. This Special Issue on Biological and Biologically-inspired Communication contains the best papers from the Second International Conference on Bio- Inspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems (BIONET- ICS 2007). The BIONETICS conference aims to bring together researchers and scientistsfromseveraldisciplines incomputerscienceandengineeringwhereb- inspired methods are investigated, as well as from bioinformatics, to deepen the information exchange and collaboration among the di?erent communities.

Download or read book Philosophy and Theory of Artificial Intelligence written by Vincent C. Müller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-23 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can we make machines that think and act like humans or other natural intelligent agents? The answer to this question depends on how we see ourselves and how we see the machines in question. Classical AI and cognitive science had claimed that cognition is computation, and can thus be reproduced on other computing machines, possibly surpassing the abilities of human intelligence. This consensus has now come under threat and the agenda for the philosophy and theory of AI must be set anew, re-defining the relation between AI and Cognitive Science. We can re-claim the original vision of general AI from the technical AI disciplines; we can reject classical cognitive science and replace it with a new theory (e.g. embodied); or we can try to find new ways to approach AI, for example from neuroscience or from systems theory. To do this, we must go back to the basic questions on computing, cognition and ethics for AI. The 30 papers in this volume provide cutting-edge work from leading researchers that define where we stand and where we should go from here.