Download or read book Compulsory Schooling Laws School Quality and the Impact on Health Outcomes written by Shahar Sansani and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Does Education Improve Health A Reexamination of the Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws written by Bhashkar Mazumder and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Education on Health and Mortality written by Bhashkar Mazumder and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article reviews recent studies on the effects of education on health and mortality focusing on studies that might plausibly yield causal estimates. The best evidence from studies that use compulsory schooling laws as source of identification provides little support for a causal link. Other credible research designs have in some cases yielded promising results of a causal effect, but more research is needed to supplement these studies. Recent comprehensive analyses using either statistical decompositions or a developmental model of how early life endowments give rise to health disparities, complement the studies that have relied on narrowly focused experimental evaluations. Another innovation in the literature that shows promise for future analysis includes the use of school quality measures.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Health Economics written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-02-21 with total page 1663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Health Economics offers students, researchers and policymakers objective and detailed empirical analysis and clear reviews of current theories and polices. It helps practitioners such as health care managers and planners by providing accessible overviews into the broad field of health economics, including the economics of designing health service finance and delivery and the economics of public and population health. This encyclopedia provides an organized overview of this diverse field, providing one trusted source for up-to-date research and analysis of this highly charged and fast-moving subject area. Features research-driven articles that are objective, better-crafted, and more detailed than is currently available in journals and handbooks Combines insights and scholarship across the breadth of health economics, where theory and empirical work increasingly come from non-economists Provides overviews of key policies, theories and programs in easy-to-understand language
Download or read book Who Will Keep the Public Healthy written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-04-29 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioterrorism, drug-resistant disease, transmission of disease by global travel . . . there's no shortage of challenges facing America's public health officials. Men and women preparing to enter the field require state-of-the-art training to meet these increasing threats to the public health. But are the programs they rely on provide the high caliber professional training they require? Who Will Keep the Public Healthy? provides an overview of the past, present, and future of public health education, assessing its readiness to provide the training and education needed to prepare men and women to face 21st century challenges. Advocating an ecological approach to public health, the Institute of Medicine examines the role of public health schools and degree-granting programs, medical schools, nursing schools, and government agencies, as well as other institutions that foster public health education and leadership. Specific recommendations address the content of public health education, qualifications for faculty, availability of supervised practice, opportunities for cross-disciplinary research and education, cooperation with government agencies, and government funding for education. Eight areas of critical importance to public health education in the 21st century are examined in depth: informatics, genomics, communication, cultural competence, community-based participatory research, global health, policy and law, and public health ethics. The book also includes a discussion of the policy implications of its ecological framework.
Download or read book Handbook of Labor Economics written by Orley Ashenfelter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-18 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics.
Download or read book Educational Attainment and Hospital Admissions New Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study written by Dahai Yue and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Objective: Education is one of the most significant correlates of health. However, the extent to which this relationship is causal is yet to be established. Additionally, there is a dearth of studies investigating the effect of education on health care utilization. This dissertation's overall objective was to examine the relationship between educational attainment and hospitalizations using a large longitudinal database and more efficient estimation methods. The three specific aims were: 1) to investigate determinants of attrition due to death and non-response in the Health and Retirement Study (first study); 2) to examine the association between education and hospitalizations based on a pre-set conceptual model and assess the impact of attrition on the estimation of the education-hospitalization relationship (second study); and 3) to determine the causal effect of education on hospitalizations (third study). Methods: The primary data source was the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with restricted files, including state-identifiers from 1992 to 2016. This database was further merged with data consisting of 1919-1973 state-level compulsory schooling laws and the quality of schooling measures to study the causal effects of education on hospitalizations. I used a multinomial logistic regression model to investigate the determinants of attrition status in 2016 as well as the between-wave attrition. I then constructed weights to account for attrition bias in the relationship between education and hospitalizations using the inverse probability weighting approach. To determine the causal effects of education on hospitalizations, I used compulsory schooling laws as instruments for years of completed education. A Post-Double-Selection method based on the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regressions was used to select optimal instruments and a parsimonious set of controls, which yields more efficient but still consistent instrumental variable (IV) estimators. Population Studied: The study population included eligible respondents and their spouses in the HRS survey from 1992 to 2016. The first study excluded the Later Baby Boomer cohort that entered the HRS in 2016. The second study focused on those born in the United States. The third study further restricted the study population to white respondents who had high school or lower educational attainment and were born in the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia (excluding Hawaii and Alaska) between 1905 and 1959. Results: Respondents who were female, white, Hispanic, married, who had more living children, who had more years of education, and who were healthier, and financially better off during childhood were more likely to remain in the survey and respond in every follow-up wave. These variables had different impacts on attrition due to death and attrition due to non-response. On average, compared to individuals with less than a high school education, individuals with a high school education or some college had a 3.37 percentage point (pp) (95% CI, -3.93 pp to -2.80 pp) lower likelihood of being hospitalized, and individuals with a college degree or above had an 8.39 pp (95% CI, -9.10 pp to -7.67 pp) lower likelihood of hospitalization over the past two years, controlling for demographics, childhood socioeconomic conditions, childhood health status, state-of-birth fixed effects, year-of-birth fixed effects, state-specific linear time trends, and accounting for attrition bias. After age 78, the probability of hospitalization for those with a high school education was not significantly different from that of those with less than a high school education; the estimate was -0.96 pp and not statistically significant. The preferred IV estimator (LASSO-IV estimator) implies that a one year increase in schooling lowered the probability of two-year hospitalization by 6.5 pp (95% CI: - 9.1 pp to -3.9 pp), which is much larger than that of the OLS estimator (-1.1 pp, 95% CI: -1.4 pp to -0.7 pp) without correcting for the endogeneity of education. Conclusions: Individuals with more years of schooling had a lower probability of two-year hospitalizations compared to their counterparts with fewer years of education. These effects would be underestimated if attrition bias was not accounted for. Moreover, age modifies the relationship. After age 78, the effect of a high school or some college education became indistinguishable from zero, but the effect of higher education remained statistically significant. Importantly, when accounting for the endogeneity of education, I found a relatively large and significant effect of education on hospitalizations. Implications for Research and Policy: My main finding that educational attainment has a large effect on hospitalizations contributes to the growing literature on the social determinants of health. Results from this study should inform policymakers and suggest that providing more health care resources to the low-education group might be an effective means for reducing health disparities. It also provides rigorous evidence for health care payment reforms that consider incorporating education into the risk-adjustment models. In a broader context, it suggests that investing in the educational system could be a more cost-effective way to reduce intensive health care use and health care costs. Furthermore, the analytic framework constructed in this dissertation to account for attrition bias and produce efficient estimators by selecting optimal instruments and controls with LASSO regression models should guide further research for evaluating the effects of education in other similar studies, and, more generally, longitudinal studies involving many instruments and/or many controls.
Download or read book Social Epidemiology written by Lisa F. Berkman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-09 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Download or read book The Effects of School Quality on Long Term Health written by Shahar Sansani and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper I estimate the relationship between school quality and mortality. Although many studies have linked the quantity of education to health outcomes, the effect of school quality on health has yet to be examined. I construct synthetic birth cohorts and relate the quality of education they attained to their mortality rates. I find that there is a statistically significant relationship between the mortality-schooling gradients, which depict the return to a year of schooling, and the length of school term and relative teacher wage. For instance, increasing the relative teacher wage by one standard deviation results in about 1.9 less deaths per 1,000 people per extra year of education. My results suggest that one way to improve the health of the population is to improve school quality.
Download or read book Health Economics written by Barbara McPake and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-04 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health Economics: An International Perspective is the only textbook to provide a truly international, comparative treatment of health economics. Offering an analysis of health systems across borders, the fourth edition of this key text has been updated and revised to take account of changes in a host of countries. This edition features an expanded introduction, providing better grounding for many of the examples that come in subsequent chapters and making it easier for non-health care experts to see the links between the theory, the examples and the health care system components. It also boasts a restructured format, dividing the book into two broad sections: the first focuses on ideas and principles, along with evidence on their applications in the health sector, whereas the second focuses on introducing core tools and techniques used in applied health economics research. Further updates to this edition include: two new chapters on applied econometrics; a new chapter on equity, focusing on equity in access to health care, paying particular attention to how access and need for health care are defined and measured in applied research; a new chapter on emerging issues for health systems that are emanating from a series of global transitions both within (e.g. demographic change, epidemiological change, the global resolution on universal health coverage) and without the health sector (e.g. economic transitions). Throughout the text, examples and illustrations are taken from a wide range of settings and world regions, providing a unique overview of the performance of different health systems.
Download or read book Schools and Health written by Committee on Comprehensive School Health Programs in Grades K-12 and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-12-09 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schools and Health is a readable and well-organized book on comprehensive school health programs (CSHPs) for children in grades K-12. The book explores the needs of today's students and how those needs can be met through CSHP design and development. The committee provides broad recommendations for CSHPs, with suggestions and guidelines for national, state, and local actions. The volume examines how communities can become involved, explores models for CSHPs, and identifies elements of successful programs. Topics include: The history of and precedents for health programs in schools. The state of the art in physical education, health education, health services, mental health and pupil services, and nutrition and food services. Policies, finances, and other elements of CSHP infrastructure. Research and evaluation challenges. Schools and Health will be important to policymakers in health and education, school administrators, school physicians and nurses, health educators, social scientists, child advocates, teachers, and parents.
Download or read book Investing in the Health and Well Being of Young Adults written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-01-27 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young adulthood - ages approximately 18 to 26 - is a critical period of development with long-lasting implications for a person's economic security, health and well-being. Young adults are key contributors to the nation's workforce and military services and, since many are parents, to the healthy development of the next generation. Although 'millennials' have received attention in the popular media in recent years, young adults are too rarely treated as a distinct population in policy, programs, and research. Instead, they are often grouped with adolescents or, more often, with all adults. Currently, the nation is experiencing economic restructuring, widening inequality, a rapidly rising ratio of older adults, and an increasingly diverse population. The possible transformative effects of these features make focus on young adults especially important. A systematic approach to understanding and responding to the unique circumstances and needs of today's young adults can help to pave the way to a more productive and equitable tomorrow for young adults in particular and our society at large. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults describes what is meant by the term young adulthood, who young adults are, what they are doing, and what they need. This study recommends actions that nonprofit programs and federal, state, and local agencies can take to help young adults make a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. According to this report, young adults should be considered as a separate group from adolescents and older adults. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults makes the case that increased efforts to improve high school and college graduate rates and education and workforce development systems that are more closely tied to high-demand economic sectors will help this age group achieve greater opportunity and success. The report also discusses the health status of young adults and makes recommendations to develop evidence-based practices for young adults for medical and behavioral health, including preventions. What happens during the young adult years has profound implications for the rest of the life course, and the stability and progress of society at large depends on how any cohort of young adults fares as a whole. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults will provide a roadmap to improving outcomes for this age group as they transition from adolescence to adulthood.
Download or read book The Impact of School Infrastructure on Learning written by Peter Barrett and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Impact of School Infrastructure on Learning: A Synthesis of the Evidence provides an excellent literature review of the resources that explore the areas of focus for improved student learning, particularly the aspiration for “accessible, well-built, child-centered, synergetic and fully realized learning environments.†? Written in a style which is both clear and accessible, it is a practical reference for senior government officials and professionals involved in the planning and design of educational facilities, as well as for educators and school leaders. --Yuri Belfali, Head of Division, Early Childhood and Schools, OECD Directorate for Education and Skills This is an important and welcome addition to the surprisingly small, evidence base on the impacts of school infrastructure given the capital investment involved. It will provide policy makers, practitioners, and those who are about to commission a new build with an important and comprehensive point of reference. The emphasis on safe and healthy spaces for teaching and learning is particularly welcome. --Harry Daniels, Professor of Education, Department of Education, Oxford University, UK This report offers a useful library of recent research to support the, connection between facility quality and student outcomes. At the same time, it also points to the unmet need for research to provide verifiable and reliable information on this connection. With such evidence, decisionmakers will be better positioned to accurately balance the allocation of limited resources among the multiple competing dimensions of school policy, including the construction and maintenance of the school facility. --David Lever, K-12 Facility Planner, Former Executive Director of the Interagency Committee on School Construction, Maryland Many planners and designers are seeking a succinct body of research defining both the issues surrounding the global planning of facilities as well as the educational outcomes based on the quality of the space provided. The authors have finally brought that body of evidence together in this well-structured report. The case for better educational facilities is clearly defined and resources are succinctly identified to stimulate the dialogue to come. We should all join this conversation to further the process of globally enhancing learning-environment quality! --David Schrader, AIA, Educational Facility Planner and Designer, Former Chairman of the Board of Directors, Association for Learning Environments (A4LE)
Download or read book Current Issues in Health Economics written by Daniel Slottje and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents research on some of these key issues such as the impact of obesity on health, children's' healthcare policies, education and health; and many more.
Download or read book School Success written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education and health care significantly influence well-being and health outcomes, especially throughout adolescence. In fact, doctors note that performance in school is highly reflective of a child's current and future health. Despite knowledge of this connection, pediatricians are rarely aware of their patients' school performance and have a limited understanding of the education system. Fostering collaboration and aligning efforts within the health and education sectors is a critical step towards building stronger and healthier communities. On June 14, 2018, the National Academies convened a workshop to discuss how efforts within the health sector can support children's education from pre-kindergarten through 12th grade and to explore the barriers between these sectors. The committee also examined case examples of health-education collaboration and opportunities in policy. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book The Returns to Education written by Colm Harmon and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
