Download or read book Central Counterparties written by Jon Gregory and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical guidance toward handling the latest changes to the OTC derivatives market Central Counterparties is a practical guide to central clearing and bilateral margin requirements, from one of the industry's most influential credit practitioners. With up-to-date information on the latest regulations imposed after the global financial crisis, this book covers the mechanics of the clearing process and analyses the resulting consequences. Detailed discussion explains the ways in which the very significant clearing and margining rules will affect the OTC derivatives market and the financial markets in general, with practical guidance toward implementation and how to handle the potential consequences. Over-the-counter derivatives were blamed by many for playing a major role in the 2007 financial crisis, resulting in a significant attention and dramatic action by policymakers, politicians, and regulators to reduce counterparty credit risk which was seen as a major issue in the crisis. The two most important regulatory changes are the mandatory clearing of standardised OTC derivatives, and the requirements for bilateral margin posting in non-standard OTC contracts. Central Counterparties is a complete reference guide to navigating these changes, providing clarification and practical advice. Review the mitigation of counterparty credit risk with the historical development of central clearing Clarify the latest regulatory requirements imposed by Dodd-Frank, EMIR, Basel III and more Learn the mechanics of central clearing, with special attention to complex issues such as margin calculations, the loss waterfall, client clearing and regulatory capital rules Gain insight into the advantages and disadvantages of clearing and bilateral margin requirements, and the potential issues that arise As the clearing and margining mandates are phased in, the associated costs will be severe enough to dramatically shift the topology of the financial markets and transform the nature of risk. Central Counterparties provides the information, clarification and expert insight market practitioners need to get up to speed quickly.

Download or read book Central Counterparties written by Jon Gregory and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-25 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical guidance toward handling the latest changes to the OTC derivatives market Central Counterparties is a practical guide to central clearing and bilateral margin requirements, from one of the industry's most influential credit practitioners. With up-to-date information on the latest regulations imposed after the global financial crisis, this book covers the mechanics of the clearing process and analyses the resulting consequences. Detailed discussion explains the ways in which the very significant clearing and margining rules will affect the OTC derivatives market and the financial markets in general, with practical guidance toward implementation and how to handle the potential consequences. Over-the-counter derivatives were blamed by many for playing a major role in the 2007 financial crisis, resulting in a significant attention and dramatic action by policymakers, politicians, and regulators to reduce counterparty credit risk which was seen as a major issue in the crisis. The two most important regulatory changes are the mandatory clearing of standardised OTC derivatives, and the requirements for bilateral margin posting in non-standard OTC contracts. Central Counterparties is a complete reference guide to navigating these changes, providing clarification and practical advice. Review the mitigation of counterparty credit risk with the historical development of central clearing Clarify the latest regulatory requirements imposed by Dodd-Frank, EMIR, Basel III and more Learn the mechanics of central clearing, with special attention to complex issues such as margin calculations, the loss waterfall, client clearing and regulatory capital rules Gain insight into the advantages and disadvantages of clearing and bilateral margin requirements, and the potential issues that arise As the clearing and margining mandates are phased in, the associated costs will be severe enough to dramatically shift the topology of the financial markets and transform the nature of risk. Central Counterparties provides the information, clarification and expert insight market practitioners need to get up to speed quickly.

Download or read book Compulsory Central Clearing of OTC Derivatives written by Louise Gullifer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New regulation brought in as a result of the global financial crisis mean that more reliance than ever is being placed on collateral, not just as mitigation of credit risk in bilateral financing transactions, but as one of the main techniques supporting the architecture of the regulated capital markets. This is particularly true in the derivatives market, where, for transactions which meet a specified degree of standardisation, compulsory clearing through central counterparties is being introduced pursuant to the decision taken at the G20 summit in Pittsburgh in September 2009.The Regulation introducing compulsory central clearing in Europe ('EMIR'),takes an ambivalent attitude towards collateral. On one hand, it makes the provision of collateral to central counterparties ('CCPs') compulsory,in order to protect CCPs from credit risk if their counterparties default. On the other hand, it mandates particular collateral holding models, in order to protect counterparties from the risk of CCP insolvency, and to protect clients from the risk of their clearing broker's insolvency.Both these requirements result in vastly increased demand for quality collateral.For many market participants this is only achievable at considerable cost. There is every incentive for the market to develop ways of reducing the amount of collateral that is required to be posted, and to enable the available collateral to 'go further'. The chief technique used is netting of transactions: the more netting there is, the less exposure and therefore the less collateral is required. One of the benefits of central clearing is reduction of exposure through multilateral netting. However, netting at lower levels brings its own costs and difficulties. The market challenge has been to produce a range of collateral holding models so that participants can choose the particular balance of risks and costs which suits them.The purpose of this paper is to examine the new structure in relation to central clearing,as well as some of the market solutions, to analyse the legal position of each under English law and the resulting mix of risks and protections offered by each technique.

Download or read book Applying the Central Clearing Mandate Different Options for Different Markets written by Mr. John Kiff and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2022-01-28 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Back in 2009, G-20 leaders have called for all standardized over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives to be cleared through central counterparties (CCPs). By now, 18 of the 24 Financial Stability Board (FSB) member jurisdictions have provided for mandatory central clearing frameworks in place, covering at least 90 percent of all standardized OTC derivatives in their jurisdictions. However, the authorities in several countries remain confronted with the hows and wherefores of mandatory central clearing, also in light of the international dimension of OTC derivatives contracts. This paper examines the policy options available to countries that have yet to fully conform to the clearing mandate, centered on the setup of local CCPs or on the use of foreign CCPs, and elaborates on their feasibility, risks and benefits from an economic, legal and tax viewpoint.

Download or read book Post Trade Processing of OTC Derivatives written by Olga Lewandowska and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The financial crisis of 2007–2009 exposed the weaknesses of the global over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market such as limited transparency regarding risk exposures, poor counterparty risk management practices, and the risk of contagion arising from interconnectedness in this market. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, regulators introduced worldwide legislative and regulatory changes aimed at increasing the transparency and stability of the financial markets. In this book, Dr. Olga Lewandowska explores those novel regulatory solutions and their impact. The main focus is on central counterparty (CCP) clearing that became mandatory for OTC derivatives under the new regulatory paradigm. In four research papers, she analyzes CCP from different risk perspectives and based on four diverse research methods. Her book offers a comprehensive assessment of the risk-reduction potential of the CCPs, their implications for the financial markets, and the practical challenges in the implementation of the recent financial market reforms.

Download or read book Regulating Financial Derivatives written by Alexandra G. Balmer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book puts forward a holistic approach to post-crisis derivatives regulation, providing insight into how new regulation has dealt with the risk that OTC derivatives pose to financial stability. It discusses the implications that post crisis regulation has had on central counterparties and the risk associated with clearing of OTC derivatives. The author offers a novel solution to tackle the potential negative externalities from the failure of a central counterparty and identifies potential new risks arising from post crisis reforms.

Download or read book Collateral Requirements for Mandatory Central Clearing of Over the Counter Derivatives written by Daniel Heller and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the end of 2012, all standardized over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives must be cleared with central counterparties (CCPs). In this paper, we estimate the amount of collateral that CCPs should demand to clear safely all interest rate swap and credit default swap positions of the major derivatives dealers. Our estimates are based on potential losses on a set of hypothetical dealer portfolios that replicate several aspects of the way that derivatives positions are distributed within and across dealer portfolios in practice. Our results suggest that major dealers already have sufficient unencumbered assets to meet initial margin requirements, but that some of them may need to increase their cash holdings to meet variation margin calls. We also find that default funds worth only a small fraction of dealers' equity appear sufficient to protect CCPs against almost all possible losses that could arise from the default of one or more dealers, especially if initial margin requirements take into account the tail risks and time variation in risk of cleared portfolios. Finally, we find that concentrating clearing of OTC derivatives in a single CCP could economize on collateral requirements without undermining the robustness of central clearing.

Download or read book OTC Derivatives Bilateral Trading and Central Clearing written by David Murphy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-08-07 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the credit crisis, supervisors enacted a range of financial reforms. In particular, they radically changed the nature of the OTC derivatives market via a number of measures, notably mandatory central clearing. This book discusses the market before the crisis, explains what central clearing is, and outlines the consequences of the new rules.

Download or read book International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards written by and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2004 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Collateral Management written by Michael Simmons and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insight into collateral management and its increasing relevance in modern banking In the wake of recent financial crises, firms of all sizes have adjusted their policies to incorporate more frequent instances of collateral management. Collateral Management: A Guide to Mitigating Counterparty Risk explains the connection between the need for collateral management in order to alleviate counterparty risk and the actions that firms must take to achieve it. Targeted at middle and back office managers seeking a hands-on explanation of the specifics of collateral management, this book offers a thorough treatment of the subject and attends to details such as internal record management, daily procedures used in making and receiving collateral calls, and settlement-related issues that affect the movements of cash and securities collateral. An expert in financial topics ranging from trade lifecycle to operational risk, author Michael Simmons offers readers insight into a field that, so far, is struggling to produce enough expertise to meet its high demand. Presents hands-on advice and examples from a bestselling, internationally renowned author who introduces his third book on operations and operations-related activities Explains the relationship between collateral management and preventing institutional defaults, such as the recent Lehman Brothers downfall Since 2008, firms have recognized and embraced the importance of collateral management, but this book will provide practitioners with a deeper understanding and appreciation of its relevance.

Download or read book Central Clearing for OTC Derivatives written by Christina Renz and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis at hand makes an contribution to the research on central clearing by presenting in detail the underlying motivations as well as the structural dimensions of a global CCP infrastructure. The economic considerations on the motivation factors showed that those in favor of CCPs for OTC derivatives, namely an increase in transparency, a reduction in counterparty exposure and an improvement in system stability, clearly outweigh the drawbacks including rising collateral requirements and a reduction in the degree of customization. Taking the relevant structural dimensions, i.e. the asset classes covered by CCPs, the degree of accessibility to CCPs, the number of CCPs and the geographical concentration, into account a feasible structure would include a multiple CCP system with a highly diversified range of OTC derivatives combined with interoperability arrangements and enhanced accessibility. However, a transformation towards the proposed structure is not supported by current market and regulatory conditions with respect to interoperability and consolidation.

Download or read book Systemic Risk and Centralized Clearing of OTC Derivatives written by Svetlana Borovkova and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 2009, G20 paved the way for the mandatory central clearing of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, which came into effect in December 2012. This new regulation involves a central clearing counterparty (CCP): a financial institution acting as an intermediary between buyers and sellers of OTC derivatives. The rationale behind this regulation is that, by removing bilateral agreements, CCPs will absorb the risks facing individual firms and act as a cushion in the event of market stress. However, this increases the systemic importance of CCPs within the financial system.In this paper, we analyze the effect of central clearing of OTC derivatives on the financial system stability by means of network simulation approach. We build simple but realistic networks of financial firms, connected by bilateral links and via a single CCP. We simulate balance sheets of firms and introduce shocks to the system to simulate defaults. The default mechanism and shock absorption in presence of the CCP is modeled in the way that maximally reflects the reality. We run Monte Carlo simulations of the networks' evolution and obtain their default and contagion characteristics. We analyze the likelihood of the CCP's default and compare the stability of the financial network with and without the CCP for various network configurations and market scenarios.We find that, for a homogeneous financial system, the presence of the CCP increases the network's stability and the probability of the CCP's failure is virtually zero. However, for non-homogeneous financial networks, we find the opposite effects: the presence of the CCP leads in this case to a disproportionately large probability of contagion defaults, especially for smaller financial firms. Furthermore, we find that the probability of the CCP failure is substantial in this case, regardless of the capitalization requirements. In all, we find that non-homogeneous networks exhibit greater instability and contagion in the presence of the CCP: a worrying fact, given that any real financial system is highly inhomogeneous in terms of size and concentration.

Download or read book Post Trade Processing of OTC Derivatives written by Olga Lewandowska and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Does OTC Derivatives Reform Incentivize Central Clearing written by Samim Ghamami and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reform program for the over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market launched by the G-20 nations in 2009 seeks to reduce systemic risk from OTC derivatives. The reforms require that standardized OTC derivatives be cleared through central counterparties (CCPs), and they set higher capital and margin requirements for non-centrally cleared derivatives. Our objective is to gauge whether the higher capital and margin requirements adopted for bilateral contracts create a cost incentive in favor of central clearing, as intended. We introduce a model of OTC clearing to compare the total capital and collateral costs when banks transact fully bilaterally versus the capital and collateral costs when banks clear fully through CCPs. Our model and its calibration scheme are designed to use data collected by the Federal Reserve System on OTC derivatives at large bank holding companies. We find that the main factors driving the cost comparison are (i) the netting benefits achieved through bilateral and central clearing; (ii) the margin period of risk used to set initial margin and capital requirements; and (iii) the level of CCP guarantee fund requirements. Our results show that the cost comparison does not necessarily favor central clearing and, when it does, the incentive may be driven by questionable differences in CCPs' default waterfall resources. We also discuss the broader implications of these tradeoffs for OTC derivatives reform.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Financial Regulation written by Niamh Moloney and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The financial system and its regulation have undergone exponential growth and dramatic reform over the last thirty years. This period has witnessed major developments in the nature and intensity of financial markets, as well as repeated cycles of regulatory reform and development, often linked to crisis conditions. The recent financial crisis has led to unparalleled interest in financial regulation from policymakers, economists, legal practitioners, and the academic community, and has prompted large-scale regulatory reform. The Oxford Handbook of Financial Regulation is the first comprehensive, authoritative, and state of the art account of the nature of financial regulation. Written by an international team of leading scholars in the field, it takes a contextual and comparative approach to examine scholarly, policy, and regulatory developments in the past three decades. The first three parts of the Handbook address the underpinning horizontal themes which arise in financial regulation: financial systems and regulation; the organization of financial system regulation, including regional examples from the EU and the US; and the delivery of outcomes and regulatory techniques. The final three Parts address the perennial objectives of financial regulation, widely regarded as the anchors of financial regulation internationally: financial stability, market efficiency, integrity, and transparency; and consumer protection. The Oxford Handbook of Financial Regulation is an invaluable resource for scholars and students of financial regulation, economists, policy-makers and regulators.

Download or read book The World Scientific Handbook Of Futures Markets written by Anastasios G Malliaris and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-08-06 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Scientific Handbook of Futures Markets serves as a definitive source for comprehensive and accessible information in futures markets. The emphasis is on the unique characteristics of futures markets that make them worthy of a special volume. In our judgment, futures markets are currently undergoing remarkable changes as trading is shifting from open outcry to electronic and as the traditional functions of hedging and speculation are extended to include futures as an alternative investment vehicle in traditional portfolios. The unique feature of this volume is the selection of five classic papers that lay the foundations of the futures markets and the invitation to the leading academics who do work in the area to write critical surveys in a dozen important topics.

Download or read book EU Securities and Financial Markets Regulation written by Niamh Moloney and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-25 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the decade or so since the global financial crisis rocked EU financial markets and led to wide-ranging reforms, EU securities and financial markets regulation has continued to evolve. The legislative framework has been refined and administrative rulemaking has expanded. Alongside, the Capital Markets Union agenda has developed, the UK has left the EU, and ESMA has emerged as a decisive influence on EU financial markets governance. All these developments, as well as the Covid-19 pandemic, have shaped the regulatory landscape and how supervision is organized. EU Securities and Financial Markets Regulation provides a comprehensive, critical, and contextual account of the intricate rulebook that governs EU financial markets and its supporting institutional arrangements. It is framed by an assessment of how the regime has evolved over the decade or so since the global financial crisis and considers, among other matters, the post-crisis reforms to key legislative measures, the massive expansion of administrative rulemaking and of soft law, the Capital Markets Union agenda, the development of supervisory convergence as the means for organizing pan-EU supervision, and ESMA's role in EU financial markets governance. Its coverage extends from capital-raising and the Prospectus Regulation to financial market intermediation and the MiFID II/MiFIR and IFD/IFR regimes, to the new regulatory regimes adopted since the global financial crisis (including for benchmarks and their administrators), to retail market regulation and the PRIIPs Regulation, and on to the EU's third country regime and the implications of the UK's departure from the EU. This is the fourth edition of the highly successful and authoritative monograph first published as EC Securities Regulation. Heavily revised from the third edition to reflect developments since the global financial crisis, it adopts the in-depth contextual and analytical approach of earlier editions and so considers the market, political, institutional, and international context of the regulatory and supervisory regime.