Download or read book Compound specific Isotope Analysis to Delineate the Sources and Fate of Organic Contaminants in Complex Aquifer Systems written by Michaela Blessing and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Compound specific Stable Isotope Analysis written by Maik A Jochmann and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of Compound-specific Stable Isotope Analysis (CSIA) is increasing in many areas of science and technology for source allocation, authentication, and characterization of transformation reactions. Until now, there have been no textbooks available for students with an analytical chemical background or basic introductory books emphasising the instrumentation and theory. This book is the first to focus solely on stable isotope analysis of individual compounds in sometimes complex mixtures. It acts as both a lecture companion for students and a consultant for advanced scientists in fields including forensic and environmental science. The book starts with a brief history of the field before going on to explain stable isotopes from scratch. The different ways to express isotope abundances are introduced together with isotope effects and isotopic fractionation. A detailed account of the required technical equipment and general procedures for CSIA is provided. This includes sections on derivatization and the use of microextraction techniques in GC-IRMS. The very important topic of referencing and calibration in CSIA is clearly described. This differs from approaches used in quantitative analysis and is often difficult for the newcomer to comprehend. Examples of successful applications of CSIA in food authenticity, forensics, archaeology, doping control, environmental science, and extraterrestrial materials are included. Applications in isotope data treatment and presentation are also discussed and emphasis is placed on the general conclusions that can be drawn from the uses of CSIA. Further instrumental developments in the field are highlighted and selected experiments are introduced that may act as a basis for a short practical course at graduate level.

Download or read book Compound Specific Isotope Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Compound Specific Stable Isotope Analysis written by Safdar Bashir and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most promising tools for both characterizing contaminant sources and monitoring in situ degradation of organic contaminants in aquifers is compound-specific stable isotope analysis, in which the stable isotope ratios of one or more elements in a given compound are measured in order to investigate the transformation processes at work.The objective of this book was to validate the application of carbon-compound specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) and enantiomer specific stable isotope analysis (ESIA) to characterize biotic and abiotic transformation of Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in situ. Additionally, to prove that CSIA in combination with enantiomer-selective degradation of -HCH can be applied as an effective and reliable tool for monitoring natural attenuation of HCH. The variability in enrichment factors observed for enantiomers during biotic investigation showed the preferential reactivity of enzymes for one enantiomer over the other which is not observed in abiotic studies. Thus CSIA combined with ESIA and enantiomer fractions (EF) can help to distinguish biotic and abiotic reactions taking place in situ."

Download or read book Isotopic Applications to Contaminant Hydrogeology written by Helen Stephanie Dempster and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Isotopes in Organic Geochemistry written by Jan Schwarzbauer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Compound Specific Isotope Analysis 13C 37Cl 2H to Trace Induced Attenuation of Chlorinated Organic Contaminants in Groundwater written by Carme Audí Miró and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El chloroform (CF), el tetracloroetè (PCE) i el tricloretè (TCE) són hidrocarburs clor-alifàtics densos usats extensament com a solvents industrials. Aquests compostos s'han alliberat al medi degut a un tractament inadequat dels seus residus. En aquesta tesi, l'efecte d'una barrera permeable reactiva de ferro zero valent (BPR-FZV) instal·lada en un emplaçament contaminat majoritàriament amb PCE, TCE i cis-dicloretè (cis-DCE, subproducte de TCE) ha estat avaluada. A més a més, s'ha proposat i desenvolupat una nova estratègia per a degradar el CF, el qual és un compost recalcitrant, consistent en la inducció de la hidròlisi alcalina del CF mitjançant residus de construcció basats en formigó. L'ànàlisi isotòpic de compost específic (AICE) és una eina valuosa per al monitoreig d'un sistema de tractament medi ambiental, basant-se en el fraccionament isotòpic d'un element durant les reaccions de transformació. L'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi és l'ús de l'anàlisi isotòpic de compost específic de 13C, 37Cl i 2H com una eina per a controlar els dos processos d'atenuació 1) la degradació dels eten-clorats mitjançant una BPR-FZV instal·lada en el camp; i, 2) la nova tècnica de remediació de CF proposada basada en l'ús de residus reciclats de la construcció per tal d'induir la hidròlisi alcalina del CF. En general, mitjançant la combinació dels isòtops de C, Cl i H, aquesta tesi aporta noves eines per discriminar la degradació dels compostos organoclorats d'estudi mitjançant FZV, respecte la biodegradació en el camp, així com també per a identificar fonts de contaminació d'origen industrial o de productes formats, entre d'altres aportacions. A més a més, el nou mètode proposat per a degradar el CF basat en la seva hidròlisi alcalina mitjançant l'ús de residus de construcció reciclats ha demostrat ser eficient en la degradació d'aquest contaminant, així com també, mitjançant l'ús de isòtops de carboni, ha demostrat funcionar en experiments pilot monitorejats a escala de camp.

Download or read book Investigation Into the Fate of Groundwater Contaminants Using Compound Specific Isotope Analysis written by Shiran Qiu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stable Isotopes and Volatile Organic Compounds Along Seven Ground water Flow Paths in Divergent and Convergent Flow Systems Southern California 2000 written by Barbara J. Milby Dawson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stable Isotopes and Volatile Organic Compounds Along Seven Ground Water Flow Paths in Divergent and Convergent Flow Systems Southern California 2000 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessing Ground water Vulnerability to Contamination written by Michael J. Focazio and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Compound Specific Isotope Analysis to Track Sources and Transformation Processes of Micropollutants written by Michael Maier and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Compound Specific Isotope Ratio Analysis in Vapour Intrusion Studies Using Waterloo Membrane Sampler WMS written by Oana Goli and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) has been used extensively for fingerprinting applications and for the evaluation of the degradation processes in organic contaminant studies in groundwater. Recently, an increase in academic interest on the potential applications of CSIA in vapour intrusion has been observed, and various studies have been conducted. A key challenge of this research is the development of analytical protocols for CSIA that handle very low concentrations of organic compounds typically found in indoor samples. A sampling device capable of gathering enough mass for CSIA has to be tested for field applications. In this research the Waterloo Membrane Sampler (WMS), a permeation-type passive sampler that has been successfully used in numerous studies, is presented as a potential device for this purpose. Indeed, the WMS has been successfully applied in the quantitation of volatile analytes in indoor and outdoor air, as well as soil-gas matrices. The objective of this research was to evaluate the applicability of the WMS for CSIA in vapour intrusion studies. Analyte amounts sufficient for CSIA were collected when using thermal desorption to introduce the sample into the gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry system (TD-GC-IRMS). The TD-GC-IRMS was employed to determine the stable carbon isotopic composition ([delta]13C) of three model analytes: hexane, benzene and trichloroethylene, which were contained in a standard gas mixture. In order to determine whether isotopic fractionation occurred during the exposure, measures of [delta]13C were taken for individual compounds found in both the standard gas (active sampling) and in the gas permeating through the PDMS membrane into the sorbent (passive sampling). Various WMS were exposed to the standard gas for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 hours. Variations of the isotopic carbon composition for each analyte were measured versus time, amount of analytes sorbed and exposure temperature. Results obtained in all studies indicate good reproducibility with a standard deviation within the accepted analytical error of ± 0.5 [per mille]. All sampling processes introduced small isotopic fractionation; however, the degree of fractionation remained practically constant and independent of sampling time, mass adsorbed and temperature, therefore could be accounted for. The new method developed was applied in a field study, where the results obtained were compared with solvent base active sample collection and analysis. Results obtained demonstrated good data reproducibility. This indicates that CSIA coupled with WMS could be a valuable tool in environmental forensics field.

Download or read book Constraining the Fate of Chlorinated Ethenes in Groundwater Systems Using Stable Carbon Compound Specific Isotope Analysis microform written by Gregory Franklin Slater and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2001 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Groundwater Geochemistry and Isotopes written by Ian Clark and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There remains a lack of understanding of environmental isotopes and their use; students and practitioners typically find the concepts of isotope concentrations and partitioning to be more complicated than for geochemistry. However, this need not be so, if the basics are presented together with geochemistry, using case studies and examples to make the point. This new book presents the basics of environmental isotopes and geochemistry together, with case studies and simple examples that build a real understanding of their use in natural and contaminated groundwater.

Download or read book Measurement and Analysis of Kinetic Isotope Effects written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-12 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental Analysis of Enzyme Mechanism Using Isotope Effects, Volume 596, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Chapters in this comprehensive update include Measurement of enzyme binding isotope effects, Chemical ligation and isotope labeling to locate dynamic effects, Measurement of heavy enzyme isotope effects, Extracting kinetic isotope effects from a global analysis of reaction progress curves, KIE of metabolic flux and enzymes, Solvent and Primary KIE on Flavin Enzymes, and The Rapid Determination of Primary Deuterium Isotope Effects on Enzyme-Catalyzed Proton Transfer at Carbon in 50/50 HOH/DOD. Readers who are interested in applying or understanding this research will find useful methods currently used for measuring isotope effects on solution and enzyme reactions. Written by pioneers of modern isotope effect research Is the only collection of modern kinetic isotope effect methods currently available

Download or read book Isotopes in the Water Cycle written by Pradeep K. Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-31 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental isotope and nuclear techniques provide unmatched insights into the processes governing the water cycle and its variability. This monograph presents state of the art applications and new developments of isotopes in hydrology, environmental disciplines and climate change studies. Coverage ranges from the assessment of groundwater resources in terms of recharge and flow regime to studies of the past and present global environmental and climate changes.