Download or read book Composting Explosives organics Contaminated Soils written by Atlantic Research Corporation and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bench scale Investigation of Composting for Remediation of Explosives contaminated Soils from Iowa Army Ammunition Plant Middletown Iowa written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Composting of Explosive contaminated Soil Technology written by William Lowe and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Composting of Soils written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory and pilot-scale experimentation were conducted to evaluate composting as an on-site treatment technology to remediate soils contaminated with hazardous waste at DOE's PANTEX Plant. Suspected contaminated sites within the PANTEX Plant were sampled and analyzed for explosives, other organics, and inorganic wastes. Soils in drainage ditches and playas at PANTEX Plant were found to be contaminated with low levels of explosives (including RDX, HMX, PETN and TATB). Additional sites previously used for solvent disposal were heavily contaminated with solvents and transformation products of the solvent, as well as explosives and by-products of explosives. Laboratory studies were conducted using 14C-labeled explosives and 14C-labeled diacetone alcohol contaminated soil loaded into horse manure/hay composts at three rates: 20, 30, and 40%(W/W). The composts were incubated for six weeks at approximately 60°C with continuous aeration. All explosives degraded rapidly and were reduced to below detection limits within 3 weeks in the laboratory studies. 14C-degradates from 14C-RDX, 14C-HMX and 14C-TATB were largely limited to 14CO2 and unextracted residue in the compost. Volatile and non-volatile 14C-degradates were found to result from 14C-PETN breakdown, but these compounds were not identified. 14C-diacetone alcohol concentrations were significantly reduced during composting. However, most of the radioactivity was volatilized from the compost as non-14CO2 degradates or as 14C-diacetone alcohol. Pilot scale composts loaded with explosives contaminated soil at 30% (W/W) with intermittent aeration were monitored over six weeks. Data from the pilot-scale study generally was in agreement with the laboratory studies. However, the 14C-labeled TATB degraded much faster than the unlabeled TATB. Some formulations of TATB may be more resistant to composting activity than others.
Download or read book Optimization of Composting for Explosives Contaminated Soil written by R. T. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bench Scale Investigation of Composting for Remediation of Explosives Contaminated Soils from Iowa Army Ammunition Plant Middletown Iowa written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bench-scale compost and radiolabeled studies were conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) and at the University of Minnesota to evaluate the reduction of explosives contaminated soil at Iowa Army Ammunition Plant. The goal of the study was to evaluate and to select the best combination of amendments, contaminated soils, and bulking agents to be utilized in the compost technology for remediation of explosives contaminated soils. The respirometric test was utilized as a screening tool to provide a general indication of biological activity within eight compost mixtures. The bench-scale compost reactor test was to extend the respirometric study by evaluating the applicability of the screened compost mixtures. The radiolabeled study was to provide insight into the apparent degradation of the explosive contaminant during the composting process. The respirometer results showed that cow manure and corn stalk (Mixture 3) and swine manure and corn stalk (Mixture 4) mixtures outperformed the other mixtures. Mixture 3 showed the best biodegradation rate; Mixture 4 showed the best respiration rate, while its biodegradation rate falls approximately within the middle of the eight treatments. Therefore, Mixtures 3 and 4 were advanced to the bench-scale composting test. The bench-scale composting study validated the explosive removal capacity of Mixtures 3 and 4. Mixture 3 temperature reached the mesophilic range (40 0C), while Mixture 4 temperature reached the thermophilic range (50 0C). The compost mixtures returned to ambient temperature after 10 days of composting.
Download or read book Low Temperature Effects on Systems for Composting of Explosives Contaminated Soils Part 1 Literature Review written by Olufemi A. Ayorinde and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews literature on the influence of major parameters on composting, with emphasis on temperature and explosives. Heat energy is produced by composting as a result of a microbial conversion of chemical energy to thermal energy. Hence, heat production and transfer, the influence of engineering design on compost pile temperatures, and the control and measurement of compost pile temperature are also examined. In addition, the report includes a general discussion on composting, fundamental composting principles, available types of composting systems, applications of composting technology, and the established parameters influence composting under various environmental conditions that may the applicable to cold regions treatment of hazardous waste. Keywords: Cold regions engineering; Composting; Hazardous materials; Explosives contaminated soils; Soil decontamination; Waste disposal management. (KT).
Download or read book Optimization of Composting for Explosives Contaminated Soils written by Thomas M. Sekula and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimization of Composting for Explosives Contaminated Soil written by R. T. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A composting optimization field study for explosives contaminated soil was conducted at the Umatilla Army Depot Activity (UMDA) in order to maximize the quantity of soil treated per unit time. Different amendments and soil loading levels were investigated in mechanically agitated and static pile reactors. In addition to the removal of TNT, RDX, and HMX, compost moisture, temperature, and pH were monitored. Toxicity reduction was monitored, using the same samples analyzed by WESTON, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. All three explosives were significantly degraded. Degradation dropped as soil loading increased from 30 to 40 volume percent in each reactor type. More effective degradation was achieved in the mechanically agitated reactor than in the static pile reactors. Amendment composition affected degradation rate and extent, as well as operating parameters such as pH.
Download or read book Composting of Explosives Contaminated Soils written by U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bench scale Investigation of Composting for Remediation of Explosives contaminated Soils from Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Indiana written by Kurt T. Preston and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production and handling of conventional munitions have resulted in the generation of explosives-contaminated soils at various military installations. The principal explosive contaminants are 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro- 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetrazocine (HMX). The Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Crane, Indiana, provides material and logistic support to the Navy's weapon systems, including expendable and nonexpendable ordnance items. As the complexity of weapons increased, the facility became more involved in the technical aspects of weaponry through the development of test methods, procedures, and equipment, while the facility's basic mission remained the same. Because of the potential for groundwater contamination, and the subsequent migration of explosives, treatment of the explosive-contaminated soils at several sites at the NSWC is necessary to protect the environment and avoid costly actions in the future. Incineration and composting are demonstrated technologies for the remediation of explosives-contaminated soils. However, incineration is publicly undesirable and economically infeasible for remediation of small sites. Composting was the selected technology to be evaluated for the remediation of the explosives-contaminated soils at NSWC.
Download or read book Windrow Composting Demonstration for Explosives Contaminated Soils at the Umatilla Depot Activity Hermiston Oregon written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC) formerly the U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency (USATHAMA) conducted windrow and seeding composting field studies at the Umatilla Depot Activity (UNDA) in Hermiston, Oregon. These tests supplemented previous aerated static pile (ASP) and mechanically agitated in-vessel (MAIV) studies with the goal of identifying a composting technique that can provide an acceptable and cost effective alternative to incineration for the treatment of explosives-contaminated soils. In the past, incineration has been the standard solution implemented for the treatment of explosives-contaminated soils; however, composting shows promise as a cost-effective and environmentally acceptable alternative. The seeding study investigated the usefulness of recycling a portion of active compost from ASP tests into the initial mixture of subsequent ASP tests. It was theorized that over time, an acclimated culture of organisms adapted for the biological degradation of explosives would be developed and that their continued incorporation into successive mixtures could result in a decrease in the retention time necessary to reach explosives reduction goals. While this principal of seeding and recycle is well-founded in waste treatment practice, clear benefits were not observed under the conditions tested in this study. The windrow study investigated the feasibility of employing a windrow composting approach for the remediation of explosives-contaminated soils and sediments. Both conventional unaerated windrows and mechanically aerated windrow tests were conducted. Preliminary testing was conducted using uncontaminated soils to establish operating parameters.-BKA.
Download or read book Biological Remediation of Explosive Residues written by Shree Nath Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-04 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial degradation, Phytoremediation, Remediation, Explosive residues, Biotransformation, Mineralization, Degradative Enzymes, Degradation Pathways, Energetics, Soil contamination, Water contamination.
Download or read book Low temperature Effects on Systems for Composting of Explosives contaminated Soils written by Olufemi A. Ayorinde and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Weapons Destruction and Explosive Waste written by Robert Noyes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the more difficult environmental problems facing the Department of Defense (DOD) include (1) chemical weapons destruction, (2) explosive waste remediation, and (3) unexploded ordnance clearance and extraction. It is conceivable that $50 to $100 billion will be spent by DOD for these three programs, offering unusual opportunities for environmental engineering and related firms. Military installations are similar to small cities in terms of population, industrial activities, and some types of contaminated sites. However, some cover an area larger than a small state. DOD has operated industrial facilities on its installations for several decades that have generated, stored, recycled, or disposed of hazardous wastes. Many of these activities have contaminated the nearby soil and groundwater. To study and clean up contaminated sites, DOD established the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) in 1975. In 1984, the IRP was made part of the Defense Environmental Restoration Program. The Secretary of Defense delegated cleanup responsibility to the Army, Navy, the Air Force, and the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). Cleanup actions are usually accomplished under contract with private firms, which are monitored by the services. Most cleanup actions are funded through the Defense Environmental Restoration Account (DERA) and the Base Realignment and Closure Account. Congress established DERA in 1984 to fund the cleanup of inactive contaminated sites on DOD installations. The technology to clean up the conventional hazardous wastes on DOD sites are the same as those utilized for industrial sites, and well-documented by this publisher. However, there are three DOD programs that require the utilization of somewhat unusual or different technologies that have not been as well documented. These three programs are: 1. Chemical weapons destruction 2. Remediation of explosives contaminated soils and lagoons 3. Unexploded ordnance detection, clearance, and extraction This book discusses the current and potential treatment technologies involved in these three programs.
Download or read book Method for the Decontamination of Soil Containing Solid Organic Explosives Therein written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An efficient method for decontaminating soil containing organic explosives ("TNT" and others) in the form of solid portions or chunks which are not ordinarily subject to effective bacterial degradation. The contaminated soil is treated by delivering an organic solvent to the soil which is capable of dissolving the explosives. This process makes the explosives more bioavailable to natural bacteria in the soil which can decompose the explosives. An organic nutrient composition is also preferably added to facilitate decomposition and yield a compost product. After dissolution, the explosives are allowed to remain in the soil until they are decomposed by the bacteria. Decomposition occurs directly in the soil which avoids the need to remove both the explosives and the solvents (which either evaporate or are decomposed by the bacteria). Decomposition is directly facilitated by the solvent pre-treatment process described above which enables rapid bacterial remediation of the soil.
Download or read book Composting of Explosives contaminated Soil Technology written by Roy F. Weston, inc and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
