Download or read book Complexity Criticality and Computation C written by Mikhail Prokopenko and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Complexity, Criticality and Computation (C³)" that was published in Entropy
Download or read book Complexity Criticality and Computation C 3 written by Mikhail Prokopenko and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Complexity Criticality and Computation C3 written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Complexity and Criticality written by Kim Christensen and published by Imperial College Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a challenging and stimulating introduction to the contemporary topics of complexity and criticality, and explores their common basis of scale invariance, a central unifying theme of the book.Criticality refers to the behaviour of extended systems at a phase transition where scale invariance prevails. The many constituent microscopic parts bring about macroscopic phenomena that cannot be understood by considering a single part alone. The phenomenology of phase transitions is introduced by considering percolation, a simple model with a purely geometrical phase transition, thus enabling the reader to become intuitively familiar with concepts such as scale invariance and renormalisation. The Ising model is then introduced, which captures a thermodynamic phase transition from a disordered to an ordered system as the temperature is lowered in zero external field. By emphasising analogies between percolation and the Ising model, the reader's intuition of phase transitions is developed so that the underlying theoretical formalism may be appreciated fully. These equilibrium systems undergo a phase transition only if an external agent finely tunes certain external parameters to particular values.Besides fractals and phase transitions, there are many examples in Nature of the emergence of such complex behaviour in slowly driven non-equilibrium systems: earthquakes in seismic systems, avalanches in granular media and rainfall in the atmosphere. A class of non-equilibrium systems, not constrained by having to tune external parameters to obtain critical behaviour, is addressed in the framework of simple models, revealing that the repeated application of simple rules may spontaneously give rise to emergent complex behaviour not encoded in the rules themselves. The common basis of complexity and criticality is identified and applied to a range of non-equilibrium systems. Finally, the reader is invited to speculate whether self-organisation in non-equilibrium systems might be a unifying concept for disparate fields such as statistical mechanics, geophysics and atmospheric physics.Visit http: //www.complexityandcriticality.com for animations for the models in the book (available for Windows and Linux), solutions to exercises, as well as a list with corrections.
Download or read book Complexity and Postmodernism written by Paul Cilliers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Complexity and Postmodernism, Paul Cilliers explores the idea of complexity in the light of contemporary perspectives from philosophy and science. Cilliers offers us a unique approach to understanding complexity and computational theory by integrating postmodern theory (like that of Derrida and Lyotard) into his discussion. Complexity and Postmodernism is an exciting and an original book that should be read by anyone interested in gaining a fresh understanding of complexity, postmodernism and connectionism.
Download or read book Complexity and Criticality written by Kim Christensen and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2005-10-03 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a challenging and stimulating introduction to the contemporary topics of complexity and criticality, and explores their common basis of scale invariance, a central unifying theme of the book. Criticality refers to the behaviour of extended systems at a phase transition where scale invariance prevails. The many constituent microscopic parts bring about macroscopic phenomena that cannot be understood by considering a single part alone. The phenomenology of phase transitions is introduced by considering percolation, a simple model with a purely geometrical phase transition, thus enabling the reader to become intuitively familiar with concepts such as scale invariance and renormalisation. The Ising model is then introduced, which captures a thermodynamic phase transition from a disordered to an ordered system as the temperature is lowered in zero external field. By emphasising analogies between percolation and the Ising model, the reader's intuition of phase transitions is developed so that the underlying theoretical formalism may be appreciated fully. These equilibrium systems undergo a phase transition only if an external agent finely tunes certain external parameters to particular values. Besides fractals and phase transitions, there are many examples in Nature of the emergence of such complex behaviour in slowly driven non-equilibrium systems: earthquakes in seismic systems, avalanches in granular media and rainfall in the atmosphere. A class of non-equilibrium systems, not constrained by having to tune external parameters to obtain critical behaviour, is addressed in the framework of simple models, revealing that the repeated application of simple rules may spontaneously give rise to emergent complex behaviour not encoded in the rules themselves. The common basis of complexity and criticality is identified and applied to a range of non-equilibrium systems. Finally, the reader is invited to speculate whether self-organisation in non-equilibrium systems might be a unifying concept for disparate fields such as statistical mechanics, geophysics and atmospheric physics. Visit http://www.complexityandcriticality.com for animations for the models in the book (available for Windows and Linux), solutions to exercises, as well as a list with corrections. Contents:Percolation:Percolating Phase TransitionPercolation in One DimensionPercolation on the Bethe LatticePercolation in Two DimensionsGeometric Properties of ClustersScaling Ansatz, Scaling Functions and Scaling RelationsFinite-Size ScalingUniversalityReal-Space Renormalisation GroupIsing Model:Review of Thermodynamics and Statistical MechanicsSymmetry BreakingFerromagnetic Phase TransitionIsing Model in One DimensionMean-Field Ising ModelIsing Model in Two DimensionsLandau Theory of Continuous Phase TransitionsScaling Ansatz, Scaling Functions and Scaling RelationsUniversalityReal-Space Renormalisation GroupSelf-Organised Criticality:Non-equilibrium steady state systemBTW Model in One DimensionMean-Field Theory of the BTW ModelBranching ProcessScaling Ansatz, Scaling Functions and Scaling RelationsBTW Model in Two DimensionsA Rice Pile Experiment and the Oslo ModelEarthquakes and the OFC ModelRainfallSelf-Organised Criticality as a Unifying Principle Readership: Students at all levels, researchers and instructors looking for an introduction to the ideas of complexity and criticality.
Download or read book It s Not Complicated written by Rick Nason and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the new knowledge economy, traditional modes of thinking are no longer effective. Compartmentalizing problems and solutions and assuming everything can be solved with the right formula can no longer keep pace with the radical changes occurring daily in the modern business world. It’s Not Complicated offers a paradigm shift for business professionals looking for simplified solutions to complex problems. In his straightforward and highly engaging style, Rick Nason introduces the principles of “complexity thinking” which empower managers to understand, correlate, and explain a diverse range of business phenomena. For example, why some new products go viral while others remain unnoticed, how office cliques develop despite collaborative work policies and spaces, how economic bubbles form, and how an unknown retiree foiled one of the most carefully planned product launches ever with a single letter to the editor of his local newspaper. Rather than consider complicated and complex as interchangeable terms, Rick Nason explains what complexity is, how it arises, and the errors in solving complex situations with complicated thinking. It’s Not Complicated provides managers with fresh, counterintuitive, and actionable models for dealing with challenging business problems.
Download or read book Computational Complexity and Statistical Physics written by Allon Percus and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer science and physics have been closely linked since the birth of modern computing. In recent years, an interdisciplinary area has blossomed at the junction of these fields, connecting insights from statistical physics with basic computational challenges. Researchers have successfully applied techniques from the study of phase transitions to analyze NP-complete problems such as satisfiability and graph coloring. This is leading to a new understanding of the structure of these problems, and of how algorithms perform on them. Computational Complexity and Statistical Physics will serve as a standard reference and pedagogical aid to statistical physics methods in computer science, with a particular focus on phase transitions in combinatorial problems. Addressed to a broad range of readers, the book includes substantial background material along with current research by leading computer scientists, mathematicians, and physicists. It will prepare students and researchers from all of these fields to contribute to this exciting area.
Download or read book The Essence of Computation written by Torben Mogensen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By presenting state-of-the-art aspects of the theory of computation, this book commemorates the 60th birthday of Neil D. Jones, whose scientific career parallels the evolution of computation theory itself. The 20 reviewed research papers presented together with a brief survey of the work of Neil D. Jones were written by scientists who have worked with him, in the roles of student, colleague, and, in one case, mentor. In accordance with the Festschrift's subtitle, the papers are organized in parts on computational complexity, program analysis, and program transformation.
Download or read book Algorithms and Complexity written by Bozzano G Luisa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-09-12 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first part presents chapters on models of computation, complexity theory, data structures, and efficient computation in many recognized sub-disciplines of Theoretical Computer Science.
Download or read book Cellular Automata written by Stefania Bandini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-20 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, ACRI 2010, held in Ascoli Piceno, Italy, in September 2010. The first part of the volume contains 39 revised papers that were carefully reviewed and selected from the main conference; they are organized according to six main topics: theoretical results on cellular automata, modeling and simulation with cellular automata, CA dynamics, control and synchronization, codes and cryptography with cellular automata, cellular automata and networks, as well as CA-based hardware. The second part of the volume comprises 35 revised papers dedicated to contributions presented during ACRI 2010 workshops on theoretical advances, specifically asynchronous cellular automata, and challenging application contexts for cellular automata: crowds and CA, traffic and CA, and the international workshop of natural computing.
Download or read book Criticality as a signature of healthy neural systems multi scale experimental and computational studies written by Paolo Massobrio and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2003, when spontaneous activity in cortical slices was first found to follow scale-free statistical distributions in size and duration, increasing experimental evidences and theoretical models have been reported in the literature supporting the emergence of evidence of scale invariance in the cortex. Although strongly debated, such results refer to many different in vitro and in vivo preparations (awake monkeys, anesthetized rats and cats, in vitro slices and dissociated cultures), suggesting that power law distributions and scale free correlations are a very general and robust feature of cortical activity that has been conserved across species as specific substrate for information storage, transmission and processing. Equally important is that the features reminiscent of scale invariance and criticality are observed at scale spanning from the level of interacting arrays of neurons all the way up to correlations across the entire brain. Thus, if we accept that the brain operates near a critical point, little is known about the causes and/or consequences of a loss of criticality and its relation with brain diseases (e.g. epilepsy). The study of how pathogenetical mechanisms are related to the critical/non-critical behavior of neuronal networks would likely provide new insights into the cellular and synaptic determinants of the emergence of critical-like dynamics and structures in neural systems. At the same time, the relation between the impaired behavior and the disruption of criticality would help clarify its role in normal brain function. The main objective of this Research Topic is to investigate the emergence/disruption of the emergent critical-like states in healthy/impaired neural systems.
Download or read book Computability and Complexity Theory written by Steven Homer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and extensively expanded edition of Computability and Complexity Theory comprises essential materials that are core knowledge in the theory of computation. The book is self-contained, with a preliminary chapter describing key mathematical concepts and notations. Subsequent chapters move from the qualitative aspects of classical computability theory to the quantitative aspects of complexity theory. Dedicated chapters on undecidability, NP-completeness, and relative computability focus on the limitations of computability and the distinctions between feasible and intractable. Substantial new content in this edition includes: a chapter on nonuniformity studying Boolean circuits, advice classes and the important result of Karp─Lipton. a chapter studying properties of the fundamental probabilistic complexity classes a study of the alternating Turing machine and uniform circuit classes. an introduction of counting classes, proving the famous results of Valiant and Vazirani and of Toda a thorough treatment of the proof that IP is identical to PSPACE With its accessibility and well-devised organization, this text/reference is an excellent resource and guide for those looking to develop a solid grounding in the theory of computing. Beginning graduates, advanced undergraduates, and professionals involved in theoretical computer science, complexity theory, and computability will find the book an essential and practical learning tool. Topics and features: Concise, focused materials cover the most fundamental concepts and results in the field of modern complexity theory, including the theory of NP-completeness, NP-hardness, the polynomial hierarchy, and complete problems for other complexity classes Contains information that otherwise exists only in research literature and presents it in a unified, simplified manner Provides key mathematical background information, including sections on logic and number theory and algebra Supported by numerous exercises and supplementary problems for reinforcement and self-study purposes
Download or read book The Local Information Dynamics of Distributed Computation in Complex Systems written by Joseph T. Lizier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-06 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of distributed computation in complex systems has often been described in terms of memory, communication and processing. This thesis presents a complete information-theoretic framework to quantify these operations on information (i.e. information storage, transfer and modification), and in particular their dynamics in space and time. The framework is applied to cellular automata, and delivers important insights into the fundamental nature of distributed computation and the dynamics of complex systems (e.g. that gliders are dominant information transfer agents). Applications to several important network models, including random Boolean networks, suggest that the capability for information storage and coherent transfer are maximised near the critical regime in certain order-chaos phase transitions. Further applications to study and design information structure in the contexts of computational neuroscience and guided self-organisation underline the practical utility of the techniques presented here.
Download or read book Criticality in neural network behavior and its implications for computational processing in healthy and perturbed conditions written by Axel Sandvig and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-03 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Functional Role of Critical Dynamics in Neural Systems written by Nergis Tomen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a timely overview of theories and methods developed by an authoritative group of researchers to understand the link between criticality and brain functioning. Cortical information processing in particular and brain function in general rely heavily on the collective dynamics of neurons and networks distributed over many brain areas. A key concept for characterizing and understanding brain dynamics is the idea that networks operate near a critical state, which offers several potential benefits for computation and information processing. However, there is still a large gap between research on criticality and understanding brain function. For example, cortical networks are not homogeneous but highly structured, they are not in a state of spontaneous activation but strongly driven by changing external stimuli, and they process information with respect to behavioral goals. So far the questions relating to how critical dynamics may support computation in this complex setting, and whether they can outperform other information processing schemes remain open. Based on the workshop “Dynamical Network States, Criticality and Cortical Function", held in March 2017 at the Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies (HWK) in Delmenhorst, Germany, the book provides readers with extensive information on these topics, as well as tools and ideas to answer the above-mentioned questions. It is meant for physicists, computational and systems neuroscientists, and biologists.
Download or read book Computational earthquake science 1 written by Andrea Donnellan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-09-27 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part I of the book covers microscopic simulations, scaling physics and earthquake generation and cycles. This part also focuses on plate processes and earthquake generation from a macroscopic standpoint.
