Download or read book Balance of Payments Exchange Rates and Competitiveness in Transition Economies written by Mario I. Blejer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-23 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating transition economies into the global commercial and trade market system is a prolonged and risky process. This book is a collection of studies dealing with the different issues related to the liberalization of external relations in economies moving from a socialist to a market-based system The focus is on external sector developments, and the topics deal with balance of payments conditions, exchange rate policies and regimes, international competitiveness, international capital flows, trade, and other matters related to the integration of transition economies into the world economy. An understanding of the principles involved and of the experiences of both transition and advanced economies during this process is crucial to ensure its ultimate success. Written by internationally recognized scholars, the chapters cover these issues in a systematic manner. The first section treats current account developments, capital flows, and exchange rate policies in transition countries, the second section deals with specific issues related to international trade, and the final section consists of six specific country experiences. In this final section, a chapter dealing with the Russian Federation discusses the collapse of the ruble in August 1998.
Download or read book Republic of Croatia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-08-12 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix examines the revenue and expenditure trends of the Croatia from a cross-country perspective and illustrates the medium-term fiscal outlook under two scenarios: one assumes gradual fiscal adjustment and structural reforms; the other assumes stronger fiscal adjustment and a more aggressive approach to structural reforms. The paper analyzes Croatia’s revenue structure to provide a perspective for the medium-term revenue policy. It also identifies the expenditure items that could be streamlined over the medium term, and presents alternative medium-term fiscal frameworks.
Download or read book Republic of Croatia Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Republic of Croatia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that Croatia remains stuck in an unusually drawn out recession. In 2013, real GDP contracted for the 5th consecutive year, and stands now at less than 90 percent of the end-2008 level. Unemployment has risen to 17 percent. Domestic demand remains depressed as corporations and households focus on reducing excessive debts accumulated in the 2000s. Exports and foreign direct investment are also feeble. The outlook is for an additional contraction in 2014 of almost 1 percent. Real domestic demand would remain feeble, reflecting both weak private sector demand and fiscal consolidation.
Download or read book Maintaining Competitiveness Under Equilibrium Real Appreciation written by Nienke Oomes and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper evaluates competitiveness in Slovakia and estimates the equilibrium real exchange rate for the koruna. Slovak wages and prices are found to have been relatively low even when adjusted for differences in relative income and productivity, suggesting an undervalued real exchange rate. However, recent rapid nominal appreciation has reduced most or all of this undervaluation and has brought the real exchange rate near or above equilibrium. The productivity-driven equilibrium real appreciation rate during 2005?09 is estimated at close to 3 percent per year but can be lower with the help of fiscal consolidation.
Download or read book Armenia written by Anke Weber and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses a range of different methodologies to estimate the equilibrium real exchange rate in Armenia with both single-country and panel estimation techniques. We estimate a country specific autoregressive distributed lag model and then proceed with the estimation of a cointegrated panel consisting of transition economies in Europe and Central Asia. This addresses cross section dependence by using common correlated effects estimators. While our analysis focuses on Armenia, the methods are applicable to a large number of transition economies, and the paper thus provides an overview of methods that can be used to assess a country’s equilibrium exchange rate.
Download or read book Monetary Policy in Central and Eastern Europe written by Mr.David K. H. Begg and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-09-01 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper uses data from transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe to assess four questions: (i) Did the standard blueprint for stabilization work, and was it implemented? (ii) To what extent was normal macroeconomics impeded by solvency problems in banks, and how successful have been policies to improve incentives within banks? (iii) Could financial markets and other infrastructure for monetary policy have been developed more quickly? (iv) How should transition economies respond to the monetary inflows that typically accompany success? The paper concludes by evaluating the changing advice offered by external agencies during the 1990s.
Download or read book Montenegro written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-05-06 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its independence in 2006, Montenegro has experienced an economic and financial roller coaster ride. The baseline is predicated on continued improvements in cost competitiveness and productivity-raising foreign direct investment (FDI). Avoiding a relapse into recession will thus require strengthening the health of the banking system and removing impediments to restructuring the economy. Montenegro’s attractiveness to investors will depend on reducing macroeconomic and structural vulnerabilities. The business environment needs to be further improved. Redressing solvency issues and improving liquidity were jointly seen as priority tasks.
Download or read book Working Paper Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equilibrium Exchange Rates in Transition Economies written by Lionel Halpern and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-11-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A stylized fact of the transition process is an early profound exchange rate depreciation followed by continuing real appreciation. Absent historical reference points, it is difficult to judge whether the real appreciation is threatening competitiveness. This paper interprets the stylized facts and offers estimates of the equilibrium real exchange rate based on an international comparison of dollar wages and on a study of the dynamics of real exchange rates in several transition economies. The results suggest that the process of real appreciation is a combination of a return to equilibrium following the early overshooting and equilibrium appreciation.
Download or read book Real Exchange Rates Economic Complexity and Investment written by Steve Brito and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We show that the response of firm-level investment to real exchange rate movements varies depending on the production structure of the economy. Firms in advanced economies and in emerging Asia increase investment when the domestic currency weakens, in line with the traditional Mundell-Fleming model. However, in other emerging market and developing economies, as well as some advanced economies with a low degree of structural economic complexity, corporate investment increases when the domestic currency strengthens. This result is consistent with Diaz Alejandro (1963)—in economies where capital goods are mostly imported, a stronger real exchange rate reduces investment costs for domestic firms.
Download or read book Exchange Rate Assessments written by Mr.Jaewoo Lee and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008-04-07 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid increase in international trade and financial integration over the past decade and the growing importance of emerging markets in world trade and GDP have inspired the IMF to place stronger emphasis on multilateral surveillance, macro-financial linkages, and the implications of globalization. The IMF's Consultative Group on Exchange Rate Issues (CGER)--formed in the mid-1990s to provide exchange rate assessments for a number of advanced economies from a multilateral perspective--has therefore broadened its mandate to cover both key advanced economies and major emerging market economies. This Occasional Paper summarizes the methodologies that underpin the expanded analysis.
Download or read book World Economic Outlook written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-10-15 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents an outlook for the world economy for 1997–98. With world output expected to expand by some 41⁄4 percent in both 1997 and 1998, the strongest pace in a decade, the global economy is enjoying the fourth episode of relatively rapid growth since the early 1970s. The expansion is underpinned by continued solid growth with low inflation in the United States and the United Kingdom; a strengthening recovery in Canada; a broadening of recovery across continental western Europe, notwithstanding persistent weakness in domestic demand in some of the largest countries.
Download or read book IMF Research Bulletin December 2008 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: December 2008: IMF research summaries on global herding in financial markets (by Marco Cipriani) and on fiscal decentralization (by Lusine Lusinyan); article on the experiences of IMF staff at the Nobel Laureate Meetings in Lindau, Germany (by Chris Crowe); listing of visiting scholars at the IMF during August–December 2008; listing of contents of Vol. 55 No. 4 of IMF Staff Papers; listing of recent IMF Working Papers; listing of recent external publications by IMF staff; and a Call for Papers for an upcoming conference on structural reforms.
Download or read book The Economies of South Eastern Europe written by C. Papazoglou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-05-04 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the main factors that affected the course of the countries of South-Eastern Europe during transition, contributing, as a result, to their disappointing economic performance. Thus, the role of initial conditions and issues concerning the effectiveness of macroeconomic stabilization and structural reforms are at the centre of the analysis. Furthermore, this volume focuses on developments and issues concerning international trade patterns, foreign direct investment and the impact of the Euro on the exchange rate policies of the countries in the region.
Download or read book The Republic of Croatia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Staff Report for the 2012 Article IV consultation, prepared by a staff team of the IMF, following discussions that ended on October 2, with the officials of Croatia on economic developments and policies. Based on information available at the time of these discussions, the staff report was completed on October 23. The views expressed in the staff report are those of the staff team and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Board of the IMF.
Download or read book IMF Working Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
