Download or read book Competitive Equilibrium Under Uncertainty written by Roy Radner and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper represents an application of the modern theory of competitive equilibrium to the case of uncertainty. Two theorems are presented: the first sets forth sufficient conditions for the existence of a competitive equilibrium for the case in which each economic agent has a given structure of information available and the second sets forth sufficient conditions for the existence of a competitive equilibrium for the case in which any available structure of information may be used. However, if the costs of obtaining information are included in the analysis, the conditions of the theorem may not be met. This is also true if the costs necessary to perform computations are included. In addition if part of the information available to economic agents concerns the behavior of other agents rather than concerning environmental variables, the conditions of the theorem may not be fulfilled. (Author).
Download or read book Allocation under Uncertainty Equilibrium and Optimality written by Jacques H Drèze and published by Springer. This book was released on 1965-01-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temporary competitive equilibrium under uncertainty written by Dieter Sondermann and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Uncertainty in Economics written by Peter Diamond and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertainty in Economics: Readings and Exercises provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the economics of uncertainty. This book discusses ho uncertainty affects both individual behavior and standard equilibrium theory. Organized into three parts encompassing 30 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the relevance of expected utility maximization for positive and normative theories of individual choice. This text then examines the biases in judgments, which reveal some heuristics of thinking under uncertainty. Other chapters consider the effect of restricting trade in contingent commodities to those trades that can be affected through the stock and bond markets. This book discusses as well the individual problem of sequential choice and equilibria, which are built around the notion of sequential choice. The final chapter deals with an entirely different aspect of the economics of information and reverts to the assumption that markets are perfect and costless. This book is a valuable resource for economists and students.
Download or read book Economie de L incertain Et de L information written by Jean-Jacques Laffont and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economics of Uncertainty and Information may be used in conjunction with Loffont's Fundamentals of Economics in an advanced course in microeconomics.
Download or read book Natural Resources Uncertainty and General Equilibrium Systems written by Alan S. Blinder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Resources, Uncertainty, and General Equilibrium Systems: Essays in Memory of Rafael Lusky compiles a collection of works by economists who had been friends and colleagues of Rafael Lusky, a teacher in the University of Florida and contributor to theoretical resource economics. This book is divided into four sections— natural resources, uncertainty, general equilibrium systems, and policy and applications. In these sections, this text specifically discusses the resource depletion with technological uncertainty and the Rawlsian fairness principle; monopoly, uncertainty, and exploration; and price discrimination under uncertainty. The insurance theoretic aspects of workers' compensation; adverse selection and optimum insurance policies; and difficulty with Keynesian models of aggregate demand are also elaborated. This compilation likewise deliberates the exchange model of bilateral trade; optimal taxes on foreign lending; and extended linear permanent expenditure system (ELPES). This publication is a useful reference for economists and students concerned with theoretical resource economics.
Download or read book Economic Dynamics and General Equilibrium written by Anders Borglin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The developments of economic theory in the 1950s served to pinpoint important underlying assumptions in the study of market institutions. The conflict between observed institutions and the benchmark interpretation became apparent. This led to the introduction of new equilibrium concepts. The emphasis was on the possibilities to transfer purchasing power over time using spot markets involving assets or money. This advanced textbook focuses on the developments in the theory of incomplete markets and overlapping generations economies where income transfers over time are restricted either by available assets or by the unfeasibility of contracts with unborn generations. It bridges the gap between standard textbooks on microeconomics and more advanced expositions. Contains diagrams, examples and exercises.
Download or read book General Equilibrium Theory written by Ross M. Starr and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-07-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Equilibrium Theory: An Introduction treats the classic Arrow-Debreu general equilibrium model in a form accessible to graduate students and advanced undergraduates in economics and mathematics. Topics covered include mathematical preliminaries, households and firms, existence of general equilibrium, Pareto efficiency of general equilibrium, the First and Second Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics, the core and core convergences, future markets over time and contingent commodity markets under uncertainty. Demand, supply, and excess demand appear first as (point-valued) functions, then optionally as (set-valued) correspondences. The mathematics presented (with elementary proofs of the theorems) includes a real analysis, the Brouwer fixed point theorem, and separating and supporting hyperplane theorems. Optional chapters introduce the existence of equilibrium with set-valued supply and demand, the mathematics of upper and lower hemicontinuous correspondences, and the Kakutani fixed point theorem. The treatment emphasizes clarity and accessibility to the student through use of examples and intuition.
Download or read book Theory of Incomplete Markets written by Michael Magill and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of incompl. markets/M. Magill, M. Quinzii. - V.1.
Download or read book Essays on Economic Decisions Under Uncertainty written by Jacques Drèze and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1990-05-25 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professor Dreze is a highly respected mathematical economist and econometrician. This book brings together some of his major contributions to the economic theory of decision making under uncertainty, and also several essays. These include an important essay on 'Decision theory under moral hazard and state dependent preferences' that significantly extends modern theory, and which provides rigorous foundations for subsequent chapters. Topics covered within the theory include decision theory, market allocation and prices, consumer decisions, theory of the firm, labour contracts, and public decisions.
Download or read book Markets Information and Uncertainty written by Kenneth Joseph Arrow and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-01-28 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading theorists offer insights on the role of uncertainty and information in the market.
Download or read book Essays in the Economics of Uncertainty written by Jean-Jacques Laffont and published by Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These three elegant essays develop principles central to the understanding of the diverse ways in which imperfect information affects the distribution of resources, incentives, and the evaluation of economic policy. The first concerns the special role that information plays in the allocation process when it is possible to improve accuracy through private investment. The common practice of hiring "experts" whose information is presumably much better than their clients' is analyzed. Issues of cooperative behavior when potential group members possess diverse pieces of information are addressed. Emphasis is placed on the adaptation of the "core" concept from game theory to the resource allocation model with differential information. The second essay deals with the extent to which agents can influence the random events they face. This is known as moral hazard, and in its presence there is a potential inefficiency in the economic system. Two special models are studied: the role of moral hazard in a monetary economy, and the role of an outside adjudicatory agency that has the power to enforce fines and compensation. The final essay discusses the problem of certainty equivalence in economic policy. Conditions under which a full stochastic optimization can be calculated by solving a related, much simpler "certainty equivalence" problem are developed. The reduction in the complexity of calculation involved is very great compared with the potential loss of efficiency.
Download or read book Market Uncertainty and Competitive Equilibrium Entry written by Elie Appelbaum and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equilibrium Welfare and Uncertainty written by Mukul Majumdar and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the fundamental themes in economic theory is the study of the role of prices in achieving an optimal allocation of resources in a competitive, decentralized economy. The book begins with a review of the basic results on the rigorous elaboration of the Walras-Pareto theory (following the lead of Arrow and Debreu) in the context of a static economy with many agents. It summarizes some subsequent research in which the limits of the price-mechanism as a successful coordination device are recognized. When economic activity is allowed with no pre-assigned terminal period, the two fundamental theorems linking competitive equilibrium allocations to Pareto optimality are challenged and the question of decentralization is carefully re-examined. With incomplete markets, and sequential trading, the concept of a Radner equilibrium is next introduced, and some of the striking properties of this are summarized. In a large economy with random shocks to preferences and/or endowments of individual agents, the implications of the celebrated laws of probability theory are explored. This book provides a clear and comprehensive analysis of the efficiency properties of general equilibrium, with many agents and an expanded list of commodities. It will be of particular interest to postgraduate and doctorate students of economic theory as well as scholars on Walrasian equilibrium, Pareto optimality and uncertainty theories.
Download or read book Competitive Equilibrium with Quality Uncertainty written by Papusson Chaiwat and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The product quality plays important role in modeling competition. This paper explains the behaviors of both consumers and firms by using Monte Carlo simulation when they face quality uncertainty during the competition. Quality uncertainty will lead to market failure, which decreases consumer welfare and distorts profits among firms. Uninformed consumers that face difficulty to recognize quality of each product are easily deceived by firms. Because consumers use price as a signal of product quality, deceiving firms set the high price with low quality (pooling price strategy) to deceive uninformed consumers. Model of simulation shows the Nash equilibrium results for three cases. In the first cases when all consumers are informed, all firms will set reasonable price with their quality (separating price strategy). The utility is the highest. In the second cases when the market has a small fraction of uninformed consumers and low deceiving power of firm, at the Nash equilibrium the lowest quality producing firm will use the pooling price strategy. The consumer utility decreases when the uninformed fraction increases. In the last case with more uninformed consumers or high power of deceiving, at the Nash equilibrium firms that produce the highest quality and the lowest quality will use the separating price strategy whereas the firms that produce medium quality products will use the pooling price strategy. The medium quality firms have incentives to create the unclear quality to consumers by using the pooling price strategy to increase profits. The utility of consumers in last two cases are not maximized because some consumers suffer from consuming low-quality products with high-priced. Consumers will adjust their taste to eliminate quality uncertainty. When no ones will be deceived, welfare of buyers is high but there are still some losses from deceiving attempt. This utility level is lower than in the case when there is no quality uncertainty. Policymakers can solve this problem by giving information about quality to buyers before they make a decision. Government should set up the regulation for the producer to reveal quality of their product in comparison with others opponents or make the consumers guide book to explain the feature of products to consumers. These measures will help eliminate the quality uncertainty to uninformed consumers and raises social welfare of market.
Download or read book Microeconomics for the Critical Mind written by Fabio Petri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 1395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook explains comprehensively and in rigorous detail not only mainstream microeconomics, but also why many economists are dissatisfied with major aspects of it, and the alternative that they are exploring in response: the Classical-Keynesian-Kaleckian approach. This advanced yet user-friendly book allows readers to grasp the standard theory of consumers, firms, imperfect competition, general equilibrium, uncertainty, games and asymmetric information. Furthermore, it examines the classical approaches to value and income distribution advocated by Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Karl Marx, as well as Post-Keynesian pricing theory, and the microeconomics of variable capacity utilization. Using simple models, it highlights the analytical roots of the important differences between the marginal/neoclassical approach and the classical-Keynesian, critically examining the plausibility and reciprocal consistency of their assumptions. The book also addresses various microeconomic issues not generally included in advanced microeconomics textbooks, including differential land rent, joint-production long-period pricing, capital theory from Walras to the Cambridge debates, the foundations of aggregate production functions, the microeconomics of labor markets, and the long-period theory of wages. Lastly, it presents a unique re-evaluation of welfare economics. Intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate microeconomics courses, this textbook offers a comprehensive introduction to the various approaches and different schools of thought currently competing in the context of economic theory. It can also be used in courses on value and distribution, heterodox economics, and the history of economic analysis. In the present situation, characterized by scientific uncertainty and the co-existence of competing approaches, it will stimulate students to form their own opinion as to which approach appears more promising from a scientific standpoint.
Download or read book Inefficiency of Competitive Equilibrium with Hidden Action and Financial Markets written by Luca Panaccione and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
