Download or read book Compendium of Technical Papers on the Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Solvents written by J. Gossett and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compendium of technical papers represents three years of work in the investigation of the anaerobic biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Cornell researchers had previously developed a methanol (MeOH)/PCE enrichment culture which dechlorinates high concentrations of PCE and other chlorinated ethenes to ethene (ETH), representing complete detoxification. This culture dechlorinates PCE at unprecedented, high rates with efficient use of MeOH as the electron donor for reductive dechlorination. However, research at Cornell showed that MeOH was not the direct donor for PCE dechlorination, but rather H2. MeOH and other reductants found to support dechlorination merely serve as H2 precursors. Three alternative electron donors (ethanol, butyrate, and lactate) were evaluated to circumvent the problem of methanogenic competition for the supplied donor. The final selected substrate was used in a continuous-flow reactor study with the H2/PCE enrichment culture. Engineering studies examined the kinetics of, chlorinated ETH utilization, with emphasis on vinyl chloride (VC) dechlorination to ETH. Acclimation and induction issues were explored. Microbiological studies towards a better understanding of the nature and the requirements of the dechlorinating organisms were explored. The nutrition of the dechlorinating organisms was examined with the goal of finding and identifying reliable high-potency sources if the nutrients.
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation written by Bernard H. Kueper and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.
Download or read book Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination in Clay Till Contaminated with Chlorinated Solvents written by Ida Damgaard and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a review of the past 10 to 15 years of intensive research, development and demonstrations that have been on the forefront of developing bioaugmentation into a viable remedial technology. This volume provides both a primer on the basic microbial processes involved in bioaugmentation, as well as a thorough summary of the methodology for implementing the technology. This reference volume will serve as a valuable resource for environmental remediation professionals who seek to understand, evaluate, and implement bioaugmentation.
Download or read book Anaerobic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents written by Victor Magar and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The symposium included 600 presentations in 50 sessions on bioremediation and supporting technologies used for a wide range of contaminants already in, or poised to invade, soil, groundwater, and sediment. Three hundred and fifty-two papers were selected and organized into ten volumes. Volume seven's articles examine the use of enhanced anaerobic biotransformation processes for treatment of chlorinated solvents in soil and groundwater. Electron donors used to stimulate reductive dechlorination processes in lab- and field-scale demonstrations are also presented. Articles average eight pages, and contain abstracts and references. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvents written by Robert D. Morrison and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides the reader with a concise compilation of information regarding the use of environmental forensic techniques for age dating and identification of the source of a chlorinated solvent release.
Download or read book A Field Experiment Evaluating Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater written by Eric Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioremediation of Chlorinated and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds written by Battelle Memorial In and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-02-28 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely reference presents the state of the art of the emerging and rapidly changing field of bioremediation of chlorinated solvents, PCBs, and other chlorinated compounds, as well as PAHs, both in situ and on site. This landmark publication reports significant advances in bioremediation, with an emphasis on practical applications and state-of-the-art developments. Laboratory and field-oriented reviews are presented with the objective of tying treatability studies and recent laboratory developments to field applications. No other reference source gives you access to the most current techniques and methods for the bioremediation of chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. This book represents the work of leading experts in the fields of in situ and on-site bioremediation from North America, Europe, and Asia. The chapters include current field applications and laboratory studies undertaken, in some cases, in countries with regulatory standards more stringent than those of the United States.
Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface written by Todd H. Wiedemeier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999-03-08 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive guide to one of today's most innovative approaches to environmental contamination Natural attenuation is gaining increasing attention as a nonintrusive, cost-effective alternative to standard remediation techniques for environmental contamination. This landmark work presents the first in-depth examination of the theory, mechanisms, and application of natural attenuation. Written by four internationally recognized leaders in this approach, the book describes both biotic and abiotic natural attenuation processes, focusing on two of the environmental contaminants most frequently encountered in groundwater--fuels and chlorinated solvents. The authors draw on a wealth of combined experience to detail successful techniques for simulating natural attenuation processes and predicting their effectiveness in the field. They also show how natural attenuation works in the real world, using numerous examples and case studies from a wide range of leading-edge projects nationwide involving fuel hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Finally, they discuss the evaluation and assessment of natural attenuation and explore the design of long-term monitoring programs. An indispensable reference for anyone working in environmental remediation, Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface is essential reading for scientists and engineers in a range of industries, as well as state and federal environmental regulators, and professors and graduate students in environmental or chemical engineering.
Download or read book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Envir- mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Sup- fund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid-1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action,” our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing techn- ogies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.
Download or read book Microbial Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethenes written by Benjamin Matthew Griffin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Processes Affecting Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Solvents by Zero Valent Iron written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zero-valent iron may participate in the reductive dechlorination process by three different mechanisms: direct, electrolytic reduction; reduction by hydrogen produced during the corrosion process; and reduction by dissolved (ferrous) iron that is also produced by corroding iron. The first step of electrolytic reduction is presumably, the transfer of one electron from the metal surface to the organic molecule. This results in an organic anion radical that may then lose a halide anion to give a carbon-centered radical, and oxidized iron, which is eventually released to the solution as Fe(2+). The goal of our research is to provide a comprehensive survey of the mechanisms that affect the performance of this reactive barrier technology.
Download or read book Isolation and Ecology of Bacterial Populations Involved in Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Solvents written by Youlboong Sung and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The findings of this study demonstrate that Dehalococcoides species are intimately involved in complete reductive detoxification of chlorinated ethenes and are widely distributed in anoxic sediments and aquifers, including non-contaminated (pristine) environments. Careful examination of enrichment culture dechlorination kinetics, 16S rRNA gene based analyses, and reductive dehalogenase gene targeted PCR approaches revealed that complete reductive dechlorination is carried out by multiple dechlorinators. Two new dechlorinating species were isolated from contaminated and non-contaminated site materials. The first new isolate, designated strain SZ, was isolated from PCE-to-ethene dechlorinating microcosms established with creek sediment. 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain SZ indicates that the new isolate is affiliated with the genus Geobacter most closely related to G. thiogenes. Strain SZ is capable of stepwise dechlorination of PCE to cis-DCE, while the closest relatives were not able to dechlorinate PCE or TCE. Dechlorination of PCE or TCE by strain SZ was supported by acetate, hydrogen or pyruvate as electron donor. Chloroethene-dechlorinating populations have been shown to have distinct electron donor requirements. However, none of previously described chlorinated ethene degrading population can use both, acetate and hydrogen, as electron donors. PCE dechlorination by strain SZ uses both acetate and hydrogen as electron donors suggesting that the ability to versatile electron donor utilization may increase the efficiency of bioremediation approaches. Importantly, strain SZ reduced two environmental priority pollutants, PCE and U(VI) concomitantly and detected from both bio-stimulated chloroethene and uranium contaminated sites, strongly suggesting that strain SZ play a important roles in in-situ bioremediation of chloroethene and U(VI) contaminated sites. The second, a new Dehalococcoides species designated strain GT, was isolated from contaminated site materials. Strain GT uses trichloroethene (TCE), cis-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE), and the human carcinogen vinyl chloride (VC) as growth supporting electron acceptors producing products ethene and inorganic chloride. The new isolate shares common traits of Dehalococcoides such as ampicillin resistance, strict hydrogen-dependent metabolism, and a low hydrogen consumption threshold concentration. Culture-dependent and independent, 16S rRNA gene and reductive dehalogenase gene targeted PCR approaches suggested culture purity.
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent and DNAPL Remediation written by Susan M. Henry and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated Solvent and DNAPL Remediation addresses remediation of chlorinated solvents and dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in groundwater and discusses remedial alternatives that are available for subsurface cleanup. Chlorinated Solvent and DNAPL Remediation: Innovative Strategies for Subsurface Cleanup focuses primarily on current technological developments and innovative applications for in situ remediation of chlorinated solvents including DNAPLs in soil and groundwater. However, this book also provides a general overview of all of the physical, chemical, and biological processes available for in situ remediation of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents and DNAPLs. Chapters discuss surfactant flushing to enhance DNAPL removal; in situ chemical destruction by reduction processes involving zero valent iron or related metals; in situ chemical destruction by advanced oxidation processes; and in situ biological destruction by enhanced anaerobic bioremediation or natural bioattenuation. This book also emphasizes zero valent iron-based strategies, including reaction geochemistry, permeable reactive barrier longevity, rejuvenation of iron walls, and emplacement technique. One chapter summarizes 10 years of permeable reactive barrier development and application. The controversial issues related to DNAPL remediation, including the concept that remediation of sites affected by DNAPL could be technically impractical, are reviewed. Another chapter focuses on the evolution of DNAPL remediation practice.
Download or read book Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism of the Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Solvents by Vitamin B12 Using Spin trapping GC MS and LC MS written by Suzanne Lesage and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Insights Into Reductive Detoxification of Chlorinated Solvents and Radionuclides written by Kelly Elizabeth Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturally occurring bacterial populations are capable of detoxifying chlorinated compounds and immobilizing the radionuclide uranium via reductive processes. This study addressed the following three knowledge gaps in the fields of chlorinated solvent and uranium bioremediation, 1) the risks and benefits of coupling bioremediation with thermal treatment for clean-up of chlorinated ethene-contaminated sites, 2) the accuracy of available techniques for the monitoring of chlorinated solvent bioremediation, and 3) the role of gram positive Desulfitobacterium spp. in uranium immobilization. Experiments demonstrated that thermal treatment increases electron donor availability, but the increased electron donor was not used to fuel reductive dechlorination and was actually consumed for methanogenesis. Two approaches for monitoring chlorinated solvent bioremediation were investigated, molecular techniques and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). Results demonstrated that while Dehalococcoides (Dhc) gene expression was up-regulated under conditions inhibitory to dechlorination, the isotope effects associated with dechlorination reactions catalayzed by Dhc populations in consortia and in pure cultures were similar. U(VI) reduction by multiple Desulfitobacterium isolates was demonstrated. Interestingly, while almost all U(VI)-reducing populations have been reported to produce uraninite (UO2), the product of U(VI) reduction by Desulfitobacterium isolates was a unique form of insoluble mononuclear U(IV).
Download or read book Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-04 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a review of the past 10 to 15 years of intensive research, development and demonstrations that have been on the forefront of developing bioaugmentation into a viable remedial technology. This volume provides both a primer on the basic microbial processes involved in bioaugmentation, as well as a thorough summary of the methodology for implementing the technology. This reference volume will serve as a valuable resource for environmental remediation professionals who seek to understand, evaluate, and implement bioaugmentation.
